Nevada Desert Experience

Members of Nevada Desert Experience hold a prayer vigil during the Easter period of 1982 at the entrance to the Nevada Test Site.
November 1951 nuclear test at Nevada Test Site

Nevada Desert Experience is a name for the movement to stop U.S. nuclear weapons testing that came into use in the middle 1980s. It is also the name of an anti-nuclear organization which continues to create public events to question the morality and intelligence of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, with a main focus on the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Nevada National Security Site (formerly called the Nevada Test Site or the Nevada Proving Ground).

History

In the spring of 1982, activists working for social justice, environmental preservation, and international peace organized a six-week peace vigil at the entrance to the Nevada Test Site, about 60 miles (100 km) from Las Vegas, Nevada. In 1983, they repeated the vigil, calling it the Lenten Desert Experience.[1][2] This anarchist group of Christian organizers decided that the program had been successful enough to start an organization, which has been a conscientiously interfaith aspect of the nuclear weapons abolition movement. They named it Nevada Desert Experience, or NDE, because of the work within the prayer-actions for peace that included learning to appreciate the Mojave and the Great Basin Deserts of North America. Organizers (primarily ethnically non-Indigenous) believed that appreciation of the beauty and power of the natural environment, coupled with a universal code of ethics (the Golden Rule) organically leads humans to make a stand for peace and environmental justice.[3] In 1989, NDE organizers founded Pace e Bene [4] to amplify the movement for peacemaking beyond the aspect of a global existential threat of nuclear weapons. The first ten years of NDE were the most synergistic and spiritually revolutionary[5] for North American Peace Activists. In the early 21st century, the annual events of NevadaDesertExperience.org leaned more on "desert spirituality" (less Christocentric as in the 20th century) and expanded to resist robotic (weaponized drones) warfare.

Aims

The movement's immediate goal of ending nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site was met in 1992, when President George H. W. Bush signed a moratorium on underground nuclear weapons tests.[6] The abolition movement, led by NDE and the Western Shoshone-based Shundahai Network were sparked back into action with the renewal of non-nuclear (yet still radioactive) explosions at the Nevada Test Site in 1997. These "subcritical" bombs use fissile materials which do not reach the self-sustaining chain reaction of a typical nuclear bomb. The bombs are designed by Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, whereby the data collected can be fed to computers to simulate full-scale nuclear explosions for the US National Security Agency (NSA)[citation needed] and DOE. Their explosive yield is low, and small amounts of radiation may be released. Because each sub-critical experiment costs roughly US$20 million and much time from the humans working within the nuclear weapons management industry, the tests indicate a strong continued U.S. Government interest in favor of nuclear weapons. As a spiritually active movement, NDE seeks peace and nonviolence. The founders of NDE sought to use the activist tactics[7] of Jesus Christ and quickly expanded ecumenically and inter-faithfully. Therefore, NDE continues to work for deep ecological sensitivities and social peacemaking, with one goal being to clean up and contain the contamination created by nearly 80 years of nuclear testing in Nevada and Western Shoshone country.

Protests in Nye County

From 1986 through 1994, two years after the United States put a hold on full-scale nuclear weapons testing, 536 demonstrations were held at the Nevada Test Site involving 37,488 participants and 15,740 arrests, according to government records.[8] In the fall of 1986, the Peace Caucus of the American Public Health Association (APHA) organized a protest at the site with over 500 APHA members participating. Over 100 APHA members, along with Carl Sagan, Victor R. Sidel and H. Jack Geiger, were arrested.[9] In January, 1987, the actor Martin Sheen and 71 other anti-nuclear protesters were arrested at the Nevada Test Site in a demonstration marking the 36th anniversary of the first nuclear test there.[10] On February 5, 1987, more than 400 people were arrested, when they tried to enter the nation's nuclear proving grounds after nearly 2,000 demonstrators held a rally to protest nuclear weapons testing. Those arrested included the astronomer Carl Sagan, privacy advocate Phil Zimmermann,[11] and the actors Kris Kristofferson, Martin Sheen, and Robert Blake. Five Democratic members of Congress attended the rally: Thomas J. Downey, Mike Lowry, Jim Bates, Leon E. Panetta and Barbara Boxer.[12][13] In April 2007 Martin Sheen among others was arrested.[14]

Protests in Clark County against weaponized drones at Creech Air Force Base

In protest over UAV attacks in Pakistan and the perceived extremely high danger of harming civilians,[15][16][17] in an event sponsored by Nevada Desert Experience, Friar Louis Vitale, Kathy Kelly, Stephen Kelly SJ, John Dear, and others were arrested outside Creech Air Force Base (adjacent to the Nevada National Security Site) on Wednesday April 9, 2009.[18] Subsequent monthly protests have been ongoing and conducted by a number of organizations including Code Pink.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Nevada Desert Experience :: History". Archived from the original on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  2. ^ Wittner, Lawrence S. (2009-05-12). Confronting the bomb : a short history of the world nuclear disarmament movement. Stanford, Calif. ISBN 9780804771245. OCLC 469186910.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Butigan, Ken. (1999). From violence to wholeness. Bruno, Patricia. Las Vegas, Nev. ISBN 0966978307. OCLC 43326283.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a Franciscan Service in Nonviolence
  5. ^ Hollyday, Joyce (1991). "Tested In The Desert". Yorck Project. ISBN 3936122202. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  6. ^ "The Status of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty: Signatories and Ratifiers". Arms Control Association. March 2014. Archived from the original on July 6, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  7. ^ "Activism of Jesus Christ based on Fr. John Dear's Book" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-12.
  8. ^ Western Shoshone spiritual leader dies[permanent dead link‍] July 18, 2007. Elynews.com
  9. ^ "War and Public Health: Centralizing the Issue at APHA | SF Bay PSR". sfbaypsr.org. Archived from the original on 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  10. ^ Actor and Other Protesters Arrested at Nuclear Test Site
  11. ^ Ranger, Steve (June 23, 2015). "Defending the last missing pixels: Phil Zimmermann speaks out on encryption, privacy, and avoiding a surveillance state". TechRepublic. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019.
  12. ^ Robert Lindsey. 438 Protesters are Arrested at Nevada Nuclear Test Site New York Times, February 6, 1987.
  13. ^ "Biggest Demonstration Yet at Test Site". Archived from the original on 2016-05-10. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  14. ^ Effron, Lauren (17 March 2012). "US Celebrities arrested crusading for causes". ABC News. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  15. ^ "Nevada Desert Experience : Predators & Reapers - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". Archived from the original on 2010-03-26. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  16. ^ Combat Drones: Losing the Fight Against Terrorism Archived 2010-11-18 at the Wayback Machine Peace Policy.nd. October 1, 2009
  17. ^ "Obama Steps Up Drone Bombings Despite Civilian Deaths". Archived from the original on 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  18. ^ VCNV Archived 2011-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ CODEPINK : Peace activists to rally Monday outside Creech Air Force Base: Will call for end to U.S. drone attacks in Afghanistan, Pakistan Archived 2013-05-23 at the Wayback Machine codepink4peace.org

Pilgrimage Through a Burning World, by Ken Butigan, Chronicles and discusses the political and religious aspects of the nonviolent protest against nuclear testing called the Nevada Desert Experience. 2003, 256 pp., paper.