Naturalization Act of 1870

Naturalization Act of 1870
Citations

Long title	An Act to amend the Naturalization Laws and to punish Crimes against the same, and for other Purposes.
Enacted by	the 41st United States Congress
Effective	July 14, 1870
Public law	Pub. L. 41–254
Statutes at Large	16 Stat. 254-256
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 2201 by Noah Davis (R–NY) on June 13, 1870 Passed the Senate on July 4, 1870 (33 - 8^[1]) Passed the House on July 11, 1870 (132 - 53^[2]) Signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on July 14, 1870

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Naturalization Act of 1870

The Naturalization Act of 1870 (16 Stat. 254) was a United States federal law that created a system of controls for the naturalization process and penalties for fraudulent practices. It is also noted for extending the naturalization process to "aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent" while also maintaining exclusion of the process to Chinese Americans and other groups.^[3]

Wong Kim Ark case

By virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment and despite the 1870 Act, the US Supreme Court in United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) recognized US birthright citizenship of an American-born child of Chinese parents who had a permanent domicile and residence in the United States, and who were there carrying on business, and were not employed in any diplomatic or official capacity under the Emperor of China.^[4] US citizenship of persons born in the United States since Wong Kim Ark have been recognized, although the Supreme Court has never directly made a ruling in relation to children born to parents who are not legal residents in the United States.

Legislative history

The naturalization bill was introduced by Republican Representative Noah Davis from New York in the US House of Representatives as bill H.R. 2201 and Republican Senator Roscoe Conkling from New York co-sponsored the bill in the US Senate.

The 1870 Act was passed by the 41st US Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on July 14, 1870. Although the act was enacted in the US Congress during the Reconstruction era, it is often not noted among the group of major legislative bills passed and enacted during that time period.^[5]

References

^ "Congressional Globe, 41 Congress 2 session, 5441". The Library of Congress. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
^ "Congressional Globe, 41 Congress 2 session, 5177". The Library of Congress. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
^ Forbidden Citizens: Chinese Exclusion and the U.S. Congress: A Legislative History. The Capitol Net. ISBN 9781587332524.
^ United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898).
^ Wang & (1997), pp. 69.

Bibliography

Wang, Xi (1997). "Black Suffrage, Chinese Suffrage, and the Politics of Making the Naturalization Act of 1870". The Trial of Democracy: Black Suffrage and Northern Republicans, 1860-1910. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. pp. 68–78. ISBN 978-0-8203-1837-0. Provides a brief overview of the importance of the Naturalization Act of 1870 among Congressmen during the era of Reconstruction. It also traces the legislative history of bill H.R. 2201 in Congress during 1870.

Ulysses S. Grant

18th President of the United States (1869–1877)

Military career

Presidency

First inauguration
Second inauguration
Scandals
- Grantism
Pardons
Cabinet
Judicial appointments
State of the Union addresses
- 1869
- 1870
- 1871
- 1872
- 1873
- 1874
- 1875
- 1876

Foreign policy	Treaty of Washington Alabama Claims Korean Expedition Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
Economic policy	Public Credit Act of 1869 Copyright Act of 1870 Currency Act of 1870 Funding Act of 1870 General Mining Act of 1872 Timber Culture Act Specie Payment Resumption Act Desert Land Act
Government reforms	Judiciary Act of 1869 U.S. Department of Justice District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 Civil Service Commission Yellowstone National Park Protection Act Yellowstone National Park Post Office Act Electoral Commission Act
Social policy	Reconstruction Amnesty Act Native American policy "Peace Policy" Modoc War Great Sioux War Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 Enforcement Acts Enforcement Act of 1870 Second Enforcement Act Ku Klux Klan Act Naturalization Act of 1870 Comstock Act Poland Act Civil Rights Act of 1875 Page Act of 1875

Post-presidency

Books

Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant

Life

Elections

1868
- convention
- election
1872
- convention
- election

Legacy

Bibliography

Memorials	Grant Memorial Presidential library Grant Park General Grant ship General Grant tree grove Grant Cottage State Historic Site The Peacemakers U.S. Capitol statue Brooklyn relief Chicago statue Ohio Statehouse statue Philadelphia statue San Francisco bust U.S. Postage stamps Currency $5 bill $50 bill 1922 Grant Memorial coinage Grant High School U.S. Grant Hotel
Cultural depictions	Ulysses S. Grant (2002 documentary) Grant (2020 miniseries)

Family

← Andrew Johnson
Rutherford B. Hayes →

Category

Immigration to the United States and related topics

Relevant colonial era,
United States and
international laws

Colonial era	Nationality law in the American Colonies Plantation Act 1740
18th century	Naturalization Act 1790 / 1795 / 1798
19th century	Naturalization Law 1802 Act to Encourage Immigration (1864) Civil Rights Act of 1866 14th Amendment (1868) Naturalization Act 1870 Page Act (1875) Immigration Act of 1882 Chinese Exclusion (1882) Scott Act (1888) Immigration Act of 1891 Geary Act (1892)
1900–1949	Immigration Act 1903 Naturalization Act 1906 Gentlemen's Agreement (1907) Immigration Act 1907 Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone) Immigration Act 1918 Emergency Quota Act (1921) Cable Act (1922) Immigration Act 1924 Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934) Filipino Repatriation Act (1935) Nationality Act of 1940 Bracero Program (1942–1964) Magnuson Act (1943) War Brides Act (1945) Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946) Luce–Celler Act (1946)
1950–1999	UN Refugee Convention (1951) Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 / 1965 Section 212(f) Section 287(g) Refugee Act (1980) Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986) American Homecoming Act (1989) Immigration Act 1990 Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996) Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997) American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
21st century	American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000) Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000) H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004) Real ID Act (2005) Secure Fence Act (2006) DACA (2012) Executive Order 13769 (2017) Executive Order 13780 (2017) Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)

Visas and policies

Government
organizations

Supreme Court cases

Related issues
and events

Geography

Proposed legislation

Immigration stations
and points of entry

Operations

State legislation

Non-governmental
organizations

Documentaries

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