National Library of Sweden

National Library of Sweden
Kungliga biblioteket
Map
59°20′17″N 018°04′20″E / 59.33806°N 18.07222°E / 59.33806; 18.07222
LocationStockholm, Sweden
Established1661 (363 years ago) (1661)
Reference to legal mandateThe Government Approval Document for The Swedish National Library (available in Swedish)
Collection
Items collectedbooks, journals, newspapers, magazines, films, recorded sound, television, radio, manuscripts, maps, pictures, printed music, ephemera and digital resources
Sizec. 18 million items, 175 shelf kilometres, and 15.7 million hours of audiovisual material[1]
Criteria for collectionSuecana: publications published, broadcast or recorded in Sweden or by Swedish originator or concerning Sweden
Legal depositYes, and agreements with publishers
Access and use
Access requirementsFree. Registration for loans: be Swedish resident or citizen over 18. (Audiovisual may only be accessed for research purposes)
Circulation135,187 (2009)
Other information
Budget394,000,000SEK (2017)[2]
DirectorKarin Grönvall (since 2019)
Employees340
Websitewww.kb.se

The National Library of Sweden (Swedish: Kungliga biblioteket, KB, meaning "the Royal Library") is Sweden's national library. It collects and preserves all domestic printed and audio-visual materials in Swedish, as well as content with Swedish association published abroad. Being a research library, it also has major collections of literature in other languages.

Collections

Main building in Humlegården park

The collections of the National Library consist of more than 18 million objects, including books, posters, pictures, manuscripts, and newspapers.[3] The audio-visual collection consists of more than 10 million hours of recorded material.[4]

The National Library is also a humanities research library, with collections of foreign literature in a wide range of subjects. The library holds a collection of 850 broadsides of Sweden dating from 1852.[5]

The National Library also purchases literature about Sweden written in foreign languages and works by Swedes published abroad, a category known as suecana.[6] The National Library has been collecting floppy disks, CD-ROMs, and other electronic storage media since the mid-1990s, along with e-books, e-journals, websites, and other digital material.

In 1953, the National Library purchased considerable amounts of Russian literature from Leningrad and Moscow. These books were to form the basis of a Slavonic library in Stockholm. These plans were consolidated in an agreement made in 1964 between the Lenin Library in Moscow and the National Library in which the respective libraries agreed to exchange their countries' literature.

According to the Swedish Legal Deposit Act publishers of printed material must send one copy of every object to the National Library and six other research libraries. Publishers of music, film, radio and TV must similarly submit copies to the library. In some cases only a sample of broadcast material has to be submitted.[7]

In 2012, the Legal Deposit Act for Electronic Material was passed. It states that starting in 2013, publishing companies and public authorities must deliver digitally published content to the National Library.[8]

History

Main reading room

The obligation to collect all printed works in Swedish was laid down in 1661 in an ordinance from the Swedish Privy Council Chancery. The ordinance (legal deposit) ordered all printers in Sweden to send two copies of every publication printed to the Chancery before the material was distributed. One copy was to go to the Swedish National Archives (Riksarkivet), the other to the National Library. The motive for this provision stemmed not from a desire to preserve publications for posterity but from a desire to monitor their contents.

Library cooperation

The library is responsible for coordinating all Swedish libraries, including public libraries.

The National Library is responsible for supplying information to higher education and research, which includes obtaining central license agreements for research and university libraries to increase access to various databases. The National Library developed and maintains LIBRIS, the national library database system. LIBRIS is freely available to the public via the Internet and contains more than five million titles held in 300 Swedish libraries.[citation needed] The Swedish ISBN[9] Agency is a unit within the National Library. It is responsible for assigning ISBNs having Sweden's country prefix of 91- (and 978-91-).

The library is a partner of the World Digital Library.[5]

History

The roots of what we now know as the National Library go back to the days of King Gustav Vasa in the 16th century.[10] The king collected books on a variety of subjects including history, science, and theology, as well as maps. The collections were expanded by Eric XIV, Johan III, and Charles IX and kept in the palace known as Tre Kronor (The Three Crowns). Some books were purchased abroad, while others were confiscated from Swedish monasteries dissolved in the Protestant Reformation. King Gustavus Adolphus gave away parts of the royal book collection in 1620: those books were the foundation of the Uppsala University Library.

The collection was also expanded through booty taken during the Thirty Years’ War. These captured treasures included the episcopal library of Würzburg in 1631, the University of Olomouc library in 1642, and the royal library of Prague in 1649. It was in this connection that the 13th-century “Devil's Bible” (the Codex Gigas) came to Stockholm.[11] Queen Christina took much of this material with her to Rome after she abdicated the Swedish throne, but the royal collections continued to grow during the reign of Charles X Gustav through additional spoils of war and purchases abroad. The manuscript collection also includes the Anglo-Saxon Stockholm Codex Aureus.

Under the Chancery Decree of 1661, all book printers in Sweden were required by law to submit two copies of everything they printed – one copy for the National Archives and the other for the National Library. Rather than to acquire newly published literature for research purposes, the decree reflected the desire of a great power to exert state control and censorship.

Much of the library went up in flames during the Tre Kronor Palace fire of 1697 when 17,286 bound volumes and 1,103 manuscripts were lost. Only 6,700 volumes and 283 manuscripts survived. Thereafter, the books were stored temporarily in various noble palaces in Stockholm, first in Count Lillie's house on what was then Norrmalm Square (1697–1702), and later in the Bonde Palace (1702–1730), and Count Per Brahe's house on Helgeandsholmen (1730–1768). Finally, in 1768, the collections could be moved into the northeast wing of the new royal palace.

The collection grew further in its new home when the Antiquities Archive was dissolved in 1780 and most of the books kept there were transferred to the National Library. In 1792, Gustav III donated his private library of 14,500 works and four years later, Gustav IV Adolf donated 7,500 works. As a result, the National Library owned about 40,000 works by 1814.

Several large book collections, either donated or purchased, came to the National Library in the 19th century. Space was limited in the palace and a new home for the collections was required. In 1877, the National Library moved into new, dedicated premises in Humlegården. The library began installing electric lighting in 1887, but the library was not fully electrified until 1964.

Book thefts

In 2004, it was discovered that dozens of rare books from its collection had been stolen.[12] The subsequent investigation revealed that the thief was Anders Burius, a senior librarian working at the National Library. At least 62 books were stolen[12][13] and then auctioned off at a German auction house. The police investigation was closed in 2006 and reopened in 2014 upon appeal. The investigation closed after a year and a half with no books repatriated.[14]

In 2011, the first book was returned to the library-an atlas by Cornelius Wytfliet. It had been bought by a map dealer in New York from a Sotheby's auction in 2003. Its value was estimated at $450,000.[15] In 2015, some books were repatriated to Sweden by the U.S. Attorney's Office.[16] In 2021, ten books were returned. As of 2021, 17 out of 62 stolen books have been returned.[17] The library maintains a list of the missing books.[18]

The building

At first, the royal book collections were kept in the Royal Palace (Tre Kronor), which burned down in 1697. The National Library moved into its current building in Humlegården in December/January 1877/1878. The building was designed by Gustaf Dahl and built using cast iron. Two wings were added in 1926–27.

The National Library was reopened in spring 1997 after comprehensive remodeling and additions. Two large underground stacks, which were built into the bedrock below the building, now contain the bulk of the library's collections, while library patrons, other visitors, and employees share the space in the main building.

The new section, called the Annex, contains auditoriums, exhibition rooms, and a newspaper reading room. Many Swedish daily newspapers and a large number of foreign newspapers are available on microfilm and in a digital search tool in the Microfilm Reading Room.

Organization

The National Library is a state agency that reports to the Ministry of Education and Research. Gunilla Herdenberg has been the National Librarian of Sweden since March 2012.

Audiovisual media

Until 2009, the Swedish National Archive of Recorded Sound and Moving Images collected and archived audiovisual material. In 2009, the archive became a part of the National Library and ceased to be an independent institution.

Digital collections

Beginning 24 March 1997, the National Library also archived the Swedish part of the World Wide Web as part of a project called kulturarw3 (a play on words; kulturarv is Swedish for cultural heritage). Initially, the contents were not available to the public due to copyright issues, but after 2004 visitors to the library could access the archive from dedicated read-only computers on library premises.[19]

In 2010, mass digitization of Swedish newspapers began, and as of 2016, over 12 million pages had been processed.[20][21]

In 2020, the library, along with the university libraries in Lund, Gothenburg, Stockholm, Uppsala, and Umeå, launched a project to digitize physical materials printed in Sweden.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Annual Report 2017 to CENL and CDNL" (PDF). The Conference of European National Librarians. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Annual Report 2017 to CENL and CDNL" (PDF). The Conference of European National Librarians. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  3. ^ "The National Library of Sweden". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  4. ^ Haaramo, Eeva (25 Jan 2017). "Nordic CIO interview: Peter Krantz, Sweden's national library". Computer Weekly. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  5. ^ a b "The Old People Mill". World Digital Library. 1852. Retrieved 2013-06-30.
  6. ^ "Purchases". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  7. ^ "Legal deposit". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  8. ^ "E-legal deposit". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  9. ^ "Swedish ISBN Agency". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  10. ^ "History". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  11. ^ "Devil's Bible. Codex Gigas". Library of Congress.
  12. ^ a b Cohen, Patricia (23 July 2013). "National Library of Sweden to Recover Stolen Books". New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  13. ^ "United States Returns Stolen Antique Books to the National Library of Sweden". Federal Bureau of Investigation. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  14. ^ Bergvall, Greger (2016). ""Cold case" – The story of inside thefts at the National library of Sweden". IFLA Library.
  15. ^ Cohen, Patricia (2012-06-27). "Swedes Find Stolen Atlas in New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  16. ^ Cascone, Sarah (2015-06-17). "US Returns to Sweden Millions in Antique Books Stolen by Suicidal Librarian". Artnet News. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  17. ^ Benne, Susan (25 October 2021). "Ten Stolen Books Returned to the National Library of Sweden, More Still Missing". The Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  18. ^ "Stolen books". Kungliga biblioteket. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  19. ^ "Kulturarw3 – The Web Archive of the National Library of Sweden". DHNB. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  20. ^ Heidi Rosen; Torsten Johansson; Mikael Andersson; Henrik Johansson. "Experiences from Digidaily" (PDF). Unesco. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  21. ^ "Page count query". tidningar.kb.se. National Library of Sweden. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  22. ^ "National library collaboration will digitize Swedish printed material". Lund University Library. 27 Sep 2021. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kungliga Biblioteket.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Library of Sweden.

Read other articles:

Mahon Point Shopping Centre

Large suburban retail facility on the outskirts of Cork, Ireland Mahon Point Shopping CentreLocationMahon, Cork, IrelandOpening date2005No. of stores and services60No. of anchor tenants3No. of floors2Parking2,500WebsiteMahon Point Shopping Centre Mahon Point Shopping Centre, the second largest shopping centre in Munster, is located in the Mahon area of Cork in Ireland. The centre was opened in February 2005.[1] Facilities Mahon Point A farmers market outside the front entrance of Maho...

 

 

ناهضة مستقبل الغلايسين

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يناير 2022) هذه الم...

 

 

Club

Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : club, sur le Wiktionnaire Un club est une association regroupant des membres partageant des intérêts communs : Ainsi, un club sportif est une association favorisant la pratique d’un ou plusieurs sports ; Un Gentlemen's club est un club anglo-saxon réunissant des hommes de la haute société ; Pendant la Révolution française, les clubs ...

Marius Jacob

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Alexandre Jacob (peintre). Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jacob (homonymie). Marius JacobPhotographie d'identité judiciaire de Marius Jacob, 1903.BiographieNaissance 29 septembre 1879MarseilleDécès 28 août 1954 (à 74 ans)ReuillyNationalité françaiseActivités Cambrioleur, marin, anarchiste, typographeAutres informationsCondamnation Bagnemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Alexandre Marius Jacob, dit Marius Jacob, né le 29 septembre ...

 

 

Tuya

Herðubreið, tuya di Islandia Tuya adalah bentukan gunung api dengan puncak yang datar dan sisi yang curam yang terbentuk ketika letusan lava mengalir melalui gletser yang tebal atau lapisan es. Tuya agak langka dan jarang ditemui, umumnya terbatas pada daerah yang tertutup oleh gletser dan memiliki kegiatan vulkanik aktif selama periode glasiasi tersebut. Tuya terbentuk ketika lava yang meletus di bawah gletser mendingin dengan sangat cepat dan tidak dapat mengalir lebih jauh, sehingga memb...

 

 

Protests against Proposition 8 supporters

2008 protests against a former California law Opponents of Proposition 8 protest the LDS Church's support of the proposition in front of the Newport Beach California Temple. Protests against Proposition 8 supporters in California took place starting in November 2008. These included prominent protests against the Roman Catholic church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which supported California's Proposition 8.[1] The proposition was a voter referendum t...

Krrish

KrrishPoster rilis teatrikalSutradaraRakesh RoshanProduserRakesh RoshanDitulis olehSanjay Masoomi(dialog)SkenarioSachin BhowmickRakesh RoshanAkash KhuranaHoney IraniRobin BhattCeritaRakesh RoshanPemeranHrithik RoshanPriyanka ChopraRekhaNaseeruddin ShahPenata musikLagu:Rajesh RoshanSkor latar belakang:Salim-SulaimanSinematograferSantosh ThundiyilPenyuntingAmitabh ShuklaDistributorFilmkraft Productions (I) Pvt. LtdTanggal rilis 23 Juni 2006 (2006-06-23) Durasi175 menitNegaraIndiaBaha...

 

 

Gempa bumi Italia Tengah 2016

Gempa bumi Italia Tengah 2016Reruntuhan kota AmatriceRomaTampilkan peta ItaliaTampilkan peta EropaWaktu UTC2016-08-24 01:36:32ISC611462212USGS-ANSSComCatTanggal setempat24 Agustus 2016 (2016-08-24)Waktu setempat03:36Kekuatan6.2 Mw[1]Kedalaman10 km (6,2 mi)[1]Episentrum42°44′28″N 13°10′19″E / 42.741°N 13.172°E / 42.741; 13.172Koordinat: 42°44′28″N 13°10′19″E / 42.741°N 13.172°E...

 

 

Irving, Texas

City in Texas, United StatesIrving, TexasCityClockwise from top left: Urban Towers at Las Colinas, the former Texas Stadium, Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas, Downtown Las Colinas Skyline, The Mustangs at Las ColinasMotto: Delivering Exceptional Services[1]Location within Dallas CountyIrvingLocation within TexasShow map of TexasIrvingLocation within the United StatesShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 32°49′N 96°57′W / 32.817°N 96.950°W࿯...

Spektr-R

Russian satellite Spektr-R Спектр-РSpektr-R at the integration and test complex of Launch Pad No.31, the Baikonur Space Center in July 2011NamesRadioAstronMission typeRadio telescopeOperatorRussian Astro Space CenterCOSPAR ID2011-037A SATCAT no.37755Websitehttp://www.asc.rssi.ru/radioastron/Mission durationPlanned: 5 years Achieved: 7 years, 10 months, 11 days Spacecraft propertiesBusNavigator[1]ManufacturerNPO LavochkinLaunch mass3,660 kg (8,069 lb) ...

 

 

Stasiun Tenryūkyō

Stasiun Tenryūkyō天竜峡駅Stasiun Tenryūkyō, Maret 2006Lokasi4744 Kawaji-Tenryūkyō, Iida-shi, Nagano-ken 399-2431 JepangKoordinat35°26′27″N 137°49′03″E / 35.4407°N 137.8174°E / 35.4407; 137.8174Koordinat: 35°26′27″N 137°49′03″E / 35.4407°N 137.8174°E / 35.4407; 137.8174Ketinggian382 meter[1]Operator JR CentralJalur Jalur IidaLetak116.2 km dari ToyohashiJumlah peron1 peron sisi + 1 peron pulauInformas...

 

 

2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi ← 2002 November 2, 2004 (2004-11-02) 2006 → All 4 Mississippi seats to the United States House of Representatives   Majority party Minority party Third party   Party Republican Democratic Reform Last election 2 2 0 Seats won 2 2 0 Seat change Popular vote 658,589 336,240 80,948 Percentage 59.00% 30.12% 7.25% Republican   70–80%   80–9...

Geoff Brabham

Australian racecar driver Geoff BrabhamBrabham at the 2014 Indianapolis 500Nationality AustralianBorn (1952-03-20) 20 March 1952 (age 72)Sydney, AustraliaRetired2001Related toJack Brabham (father)Matthew Brabham (son)Gary Brabham (brother)David Brabham (brother)Sam Brabham (nephew) Lisa Thackwell (sister in law)Australian Super Touring ChampionshipYears active1995–1997TeamsBMW Motorsport AustraliaStarts48Wins9Best finish2nd in 1995 & 1997 Australian Super Touring ChampionshipPrevio...

 

 

Template talk:Japanese television networks

Japan Template‑class Japan portalThis template is within the scope of WikiProject Japan, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Japan-related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the project, participate in relevant discussions, and see lists of open tasks. Current time in Japan: 02:57, May 10, 2024 (JST, Reiwa 6) (Refresh)JapanWikipedia:WikiProject JapanTemplate:WikiProject JapanJapan-related articlesTemplate...

 

 

Ward Acres Nature Preserve

Ward Acres is a 62-acre park in the Wykagyl section of the city of New Rochelle, in Westchester County, New York. Formerly part of a large country estate and horse farm, New Rochelle purchased the land in 1962 with help from the New York State Park and Recreation Land Acquisition Bond Act. Ward Acres provides residents with a unique park experience within a natural setting. Wooded areas are much the same as they had been over a century ago, and current park trails follow the alignment of the ...

Castello di Yverdon

Questa voce sugli argomenti castelli della Svizzera e Canton Vaud è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Castello di YverdonUbicazioneStato attuale Svizzera CittàYverdon-les-Bains IndirizzoPlace Pestalozzi 1.1, 1400 Yverdon-les-Bains Coordinate46°46′41.62″N 6°38′29.51″E / 46.778228°N 6.64153°E46.778228; 6.64153Coordinate: 46°46′41.62″N 6°38′29.51″E / 46.778228°N 6.64153°E46.778228;...

 

 

Agata Kornhauser-Duda

First Lady of Poland (born 1972) Agata Kornhauser-DudaFirst Lady of PolandIncumbentAssumed role 6 August 2015PresidentAndrzej DudaPreceded byAnna Komorowska Personal detailsBornAgata Kornhauser (1972-04-02) 2 April 1972 (age 52)Kraków, PolandPolitical partyLaw and JusticeSpouse Andrzej Duda ​(m. 1994)​ChildrenKingaParentsJulian KornhauserAlicja WojnaResidencePresidential PalaceAlma materJagiellonian UniversityAwards Agata Kornhauser-Duda (born 2 April 19...

 

 

Dušan Zbavitel

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Dušan ZbavitelBorn(1925-05-07)7 May 1925Košice, CzechoslovakiaDied7 August 2012(2012-08-07) (aged 87)Prague, Czech RepublicNationalityCzechAlma materCharles UniversityAwardsPadma Bhushan (2006) Tagore Memorial Award (1987)Scientific careerField...

1992 in Romania

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1992 in Romania – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) List of events ← 1991 1990 1989 1992 in Romania → 1993 1994 1995 Decades: 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s See also: Other events of...

 

 

التسلسل الزمني لتاريخ الشرق الأوسط

التسلسل الزمني لتاريخ الشرق الأوسط يحاول هذا الجدول الزمني جمع الأحداث التاريخية الهامة التي وقعت في أو أدت إلى ظهور قوى في الشرق الأوسط. الشرق الأوسط هو الإقليم الذي يضم حاليا مصر ودول الخليج العربي وإيران والعراق وفلسطين وقبرص وشمال قبرص والأردن ولبنان وعمان والسعودية �...