He was born in Quebec City in 1808. He studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and went on to article in law, receiving his license to practice in 1832. In 1835, he married Marie-Reine-Josephte, the daughter of Quebec merchant Louis Gauvreau. In 1848, he ran unsuccessfully as a Reformer in Portneuf. In the same year, he was elected to the city council for Quebec and served as mayor from 1850 to 1853. During his term as mayor, a system providing drinking water was installed in the city. He served on the board of the Quebec Bank, later merged with the Royal Bank of Canada, from 1848 to 1893.
After politics, Belleau continued to sit on the board of the Quebec Bank and took an active role in social functions. He maintained his political influence.[1]
Belleau was involved in some significant litigation later in his life. He had invested in debentures issued by a Quebec toll-road company, authorised under pre-Confederation laws. When the company defaulted on the bonds, he and other bond-holders sued the federal government for payment of the principal and interest. Although the plaintiffs were successful in the Supreme Court of Canada, the decision was overturned by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, at that time the highest court of appeal for the British Empire, including Canada. In The Queen v Belleau, the Judicial Committee held that by the terms of the statute, the federal government was not liable for either principal or interest.[2]
He died at Quebec City in 1894 and left his fortune, which contemporaries estimated as between $200,000 and $400,000, to his nephew.
