Nader Khalili (Persian: نادر خلیلی; 1936–2008) was an Iranian-born Americanarchitect, author, and educator.[1] He is best known for his inventive structures that incorporated a range of atypical building materials to provide shelter in the developing world and emergency contexts.[1] His work was heavily influenced by the traditional arid house designs of Iran.
Eco-Dome[3] sandbag shelter under construction in Djibouti, May 2012
In 1970, he was licensed by the state of California and practiced architecture in the U.S. and around the world. In 1975, Khalili was working in Iran at a conventional western-style architecture firm on projects for the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, when he realized his profits were coming at the expense of traditional Iranian architecture.[4] He sold his stake in the firm, bought a motorcycle, and spent the next five years living in remote parts of the Iran desert.[4] His goal was to preserve the historical Iranian architecture and help house the poor.[4]
His designs are heavily inspired by traditional arid house designs in his homeland Iran. He was involved with Earth Architecture and Third World Development since 1975, and was a U.N. consultant for Earth Architecture. Khalili was known for his innovation into the Geltaftan Earth-and-Fire System known as Ceramic Houses and the Earthbag Construction technique called Superadobe.[1]
He developed his Super Adobe system in 1984, in response to a NASA call for designs for human settlements on the moon and Mars.[5] The project had been completely theoretical until the Persian Gulf War in 1990–1991 when refugees were sent into Iran.[5] When this occurred Khalili partnered with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and applied his research to emergency shelters.
In 1991 he founded the California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture (Cal-Earth), where he taught his Superadobe building technique. Although Khalili's work received mixed support in his native country, arguably due to social paradigms and political unrest, he became a prominent American leader on the value of ethically based architecture, where the needs of the homeless are considered above all else.
In February 2000, Khalili designed a prototype of a lunar colony made with all-natural materials near the Mojave Desert.[6]
He died March 5, 2008, in Los Angeles of congestive heart failure.[2][7][8] After his death, his children Dastan and Sheefteh have continued the legacy of his work.[9][10]
Khalili wrote books on his architectural philosophy & techniques as well as translations of poetry from Rumi, the poet he considered instrumental in his design inspiration.
Khalili, Nader (2002). Sidewalks on the Moon: The Journey of a Mystic Architect Through Tradition, Technology, and Transformation. Cal-Earth Press. ISBN9781889625027.
Sinclair, Cameron, and Kate Stohr. "Superadobe." Design Like You Give a Damn. Ed. Diana Murphy, Adrian Crabbs, and Cory Reynolds. Ney York: Distributed Art Publishers, Inc., 2006. 104-13.
Wojciechowska, Paulina. "Building with Earth - A Gide to Flexible-Form Earthbag Construction." White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 2001.
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