NGC 2139

NGC 2139
Legacy Surveys DR10 image of NGC 2139
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationLepus
Right ascension06h 01m 07.963s[1]
Declination−23° 40′ 20.35″[1]
Redshift0.006148±0.000017[2]
Heliocentric radial velocity1,836 km/s[3]
Galactocentric velocity1,649 km/s[3]
Distance120.6 Mly (36.98 Mpc)[3]
Apparent magnitude (V)11.6[4]
Apparent magnitude (B)11.98[3]
Characteristics
TypeSAB(rs)cd[5]
Number of stars9.1×109 M☉[5]
Apparent size (V)2.40′ × 1.9′[4]
Notable featuresBulgeless
Other designations
NGC 2139, IC 2154, LEDA 18258, MCG -04-15-005, PGC 18258[6]

NGC 2139 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Lepus.[4] It was discovered on November 17, 1784, by the German-English astronomer William Herschel.[7] The galaxy is located at a distance of 120.6 million light-years (36.98 Mpc) from the Sun and is receding with a radial velocity of 1,836 km/s.[3]

The overall form of this galaxy is irregular with spiral arms and the appearance of tidal features, suggesting a potential recent merger event. There is no central bulge of significance.[8] The morphological classification is SAB(rs)cd,[5] which indicates a barred spiral galaxy (SAB) with a transitional inner ring structure (rs) and loosely wound spiral arms (cd). It is a star forming galaxy with a formation rate of 3.8 M☉·yr−1.[5] There is a plume extending to the south of the galaxy.[8]

A luminous filament runs through the center of the galaxy, which includes a small nuclear cluster. This cluster is only 4.1×107 years old with a mass of 8.3×105 M☉.[8] It is offset at a distance of 320 pc from the center of the galaxy and may come to rest there on a time scale of around 100 million years.[9] The cluster is a source of X-ray emission.[10]

Supernovae

Three supernovae have been observed in NGC 2139:

  • Robert Evans and associates discovered SN 1995ad (type II, mag. 14) on 28 September 1995.[11][12] It was positioned in one of the spiral arms, 25″ west and 5″ south of the NGC 2139 nucleus. The recession velocity was consistent with that of the host galaxy.[13]
  • SN 2022qhy (type Ibn, mag. 15.889) was discovered by ATLAS on 1 August 2022.[14]
  • SN 2023zcu (type II, mag. 19.054) was discovered by ATLAS on 8 December 2023.[15]

References

  1. ^ a b Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (1 February 2006), "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)", The Astronomical Journal, 131 (2): 1163–1183, Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S, doi:10.1086/498708, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 18913331.
  2. ^ De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; et al. (1991), Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, Bibcode:1991rc3..book.....D.
  3. ^ a b c d e Tully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016), "Cosmicflows-3", The Astronomical Journal, 152 (2): 21, arXiv:1605.01765, Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T, doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50, S2CID 250737862, 50.
  4. ^ a b c Frommert, Hartmut, Revised NGC Data for NGC 2139, Students for the Exploration and Development of Space, retrieved 2024-03-07.
  5. ^ a b c d Mineo, S.; et al. (November 1, 2012), "X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies - II. Hot interstellar medium", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 426 (3): 1870–1883, arXiv:1205.3715, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426.1870M, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21831.x, S2CID 85507925.
  6. ^ "NGC 2139", SIMBAD, Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2024-03-07.
  7. ^ Seligman, Courtney, "NGC Objects: NGC 2100 - 2149", Celestial Atlas, retrieved 2024-03-07.
  8. ^ a b c Shields, Joseph C.; et al. (July 2012), "Chandra Observations of the Nuclear Star Cluster and Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in NGC 2139", The Astronomical Journal, 144 (1), id. 12, arXiv:1205.3191, Bibcode:2012AJ....144...12S, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/12.
  9. ^ Andersen, David R.; et al. (December 2008), "Caught in Formation: The Nuclear-Cluster-to-Be in NGC 2139", The Astrophysical Journal, 688 (2): 990–999, arXiv:0808.1321, Bibcode:2008ApJ...688..990A, doi:10.1086/592342.
  10. ^ Shields, J.; et al. (2010), X-ray Properties of Star Clusters in NGC 2139 (PDF), European Southern Observatory, retrieved 2024-03-07.
  11. ^ "SN 1995ad". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  12. ^ Evans, R.; et al. (September 1995), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "Supernova 1995ad in NGC 2139", IAU Circular, 6239: 1, Bibcode:1995IAUC.6239....1E.
  13. ^ Inserra, C.; et al. (July 2013), "Moderately luminous Type II supernovae", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 555, id. A142, arXiv:1210.1411, Bibcode:2013A&A...555A.142I, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220496.
  14. ^ "SN 2022qhy". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  15. ^ "SN 2023zcu". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.