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Myristica
	Myristica fragrans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Magnoliales
Family:	Myristicaceae
Genus:	Myristica; Gronov.
Species
	>150; see text
Synonyms
	Aruana Burm.f.; Comacum Adans.; Palala Rumph. ex Kuntze; Sebophora Neck.;

Myristica is a genus of trees in the family Myristicaceae. There are over 150 species, distributed in Asia and the western Pacific as far as Vanuatu.^[2]^[3]

The type species of the genus, and the most economically important member, is Myristica fragrans (the nutmeg tree), from which mace is also derived.

Etymology

The name Myristica is from the Greek adjective myristikos, meaning ‘fragrant, for anointing’, referring to its early use.^[4] The adjective is from the noun μύρον myron (‘perfume, ointment, anointing oil’).^[5]

Description

All or nearly all species are dioecious. Knuth (1904) however cites a report of trees being male in their sex expression when young and female later.^[6] Perianth of one whorl of three largely united segments. Stamens two to thirty, partly or wholly united. The ovary is superior, consisting of a single uniovulate carpel.^[7] Species in this genus use secondary pollen presentation (pollen presentation in the flower which does not use an anther), the type of which is Pollenhaufen (German for ‘pollen-heap’), where pollen is in an exposed heap at the base of the flower.

Selected species

There are 172 accepted Myristica species as of April 2021 according to Plants of the World Online.^[1] Selected species include:

Myristica alba W.J.de Wilde
Myristica andamanica Hook.f.
Myristica arfakensis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica argentea Warb.
Myristica atrescens W.J.de Wilde
Myristica basilanica W.J.de Wilde
Myristica beddomei King
Myristica brachypoda W.J.de Wilde
Myristica brevistipes W.J.de Wilde
Myristica buchneriana Warb.
Myristica byssacea W.J.de Wilde
Myristica ceylanica A.DC.
Myristica cinnamomea King
Myristica coacta W.J.de Wilde
Myristica colinridsdalei W.J.de Wilde
Myristica conspersa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica corticata W.J.de Wilde
Myristica crassa King
Myristica dactyloides Gaertn.
Myristica dasycarpa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica depressa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica devogelii W.J.de Wilde
Myristica elliptica Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson
Myristica extensa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica fasciculata W.J.de Wilde
Myristica filipes W.J.de Wilde
Myristica fissurata W.J.de Wilde
Myristica flavovirens W.J.de Wilde
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
Myristica frugifera W.J.de Wilde
Myristica gigantea King
Myristica gillespieana A.C.Sm.
Myristica globosa Warb.
Myristica grandifolia A.DC.
Myristica guadalcanalensis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica guatteriifolia A.DC.
Myristica guillauminiana A.C.Sm.
Myristica hollrungii Warb.
Myristica inaequalis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica incredibilis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica iners Blume
Myristica inundata W.J.de Wilde
Myristica kalkmanii W.J.de Wilde
Myristica kjellbergii W.J.de Wilde
Myristica lasiocarpa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica lepidota Blume
Myristica leptophylla W.J.de Wilde
Myristica lowiana King
Myristica macrantha A.C.Sm.
Myristica magnifica Bedd.
Myristica maingayi Hook.f.
Myristica malabarica Lam.
Myristica maxima Warb.
Myristica mediterranea W.J.de Wilde
Myristica millepunctata W.J.de Wilde
Myristica nana W.J.de Wilde
Myristica olivacea W.J.de Wilde
Myristica ornata W.J.de Wilde
Myristica ovicarpa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica pachycarpidia W.J.de Wilde
Myristica papillatifolia W.J.de Wilde
Myristica perlaevis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica petiolata A.C.Sm.
Myristica philippensis Lam.
Myristica pilosella W.J.de Wilde
Myristica pilosigemma W.J.de Wilde
Myristica psilocarpa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica pubicarpa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica pygmaea W.J.de Wilde
Myristica robusta W.J.de Wilde
Myristica sangowoensis (J.Sinclair) W.J.de Wilde
Myristica sarcantha W.J.de Wilde
Myristica schlechteri W.J.de Wilde
Myristica simulans W.J.de Wilde
Myristica sinclairii W.J.de Wilde
Myristica sogeriensis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica tamrauensis W.J.de Wilde
Myristica trianthera W.J.de Wilde
Myristica tubiflora Blume
Myristica ultrabasica W.J.de Wilde
Myristica verruculosa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica xylocarpa W.J.de Wilde
Myristica yunnanensis Y.H.Li

Some species of Myristica have been reclassified into the genus Virola by some botanical authorities. Taxa that have been reassigned, or otherwise removed from the genus include:

References

^ ^a ^b "Myristica Gronov". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
^ Myristica. Flora of China.
^ Wheatley, J.I. (1992), A guide to the common trees of Vanuatu: With lists of their traditional uses and ni-Vanuatu names, Republic of Vanuatu Department of Forestry, pp. 172–4
^ Washburn, Homer Charles; Blome, Walter Henry (1936). A Text-book on Pharmacognosy. Edward Letter. p. 77. Myristica, from the Greek "myristikos," of or pertaining to ointments, so named because of its early use as a flavoring for this type of preparations.
^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2016). CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants. CRC Press. p. 2596. ISBN 978-1-4822-5064-0. Myristica[...] From the Greek myristikos 'fragrant, fit for anointing', myron 'a perfume, ointment, scent, sweet smelling, sweet oil', myrizo, myrizein 'to rub with ointment'
^ KNUTH, P., 1904, 1905: Handbuch der Bliitenbiologie 3(1 & 2), (ed. O. ApPEL & E. LOEw) [not translated]. - Leipzig: Engelmann.
^ Secondary Pollen Presentation. page 7. Peter Yeo 1993