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Moritz Richard Schomburgk (5 October 1811 – 24 March 1891),^[1] generally known as Richard Schomburgk, was a German botanist and curator of the Adelaide Botanic Garden.

Family

Schomburgk was born in Freyburg, Saxony, the son of Johann Friedrich Ludwig Schomburgk (a Lutheran minister in Thuringia),^[2] and his wife Christiane Juliane Wilhelmine (née Krippendorf).^[1]

He married Pauline Henriette Kneib (c. 1822 – 24 July 1879) at sea aboard Princess Louise. Among their children were:

Otto Heinrich Schomburgk (30 September 1857^[3] – 1 September 1938), born shortly after the death of his uncle Otto Alfred Schomburgk. He held several important posts such as Chief Probation Officer with the South Australian public service.^[4] He married Ada Louise Downer, daughter of Henry Downer. They had one son, Richard, and two daughters, Pauline Louise (Mrs Curwen) and Alice Marie (Mrs Howard).
Eldest daughter Linna Maria 1849 Marie Caroline? Schomburgk ( died 17 April 1913)^[5] married widower Rev James Sunter in Sydney on 28 May 1894.
Second daughter Clara Louise Schomburgk (1855– ) married Alexander Philip on 3 November 1880.
Youngest daughter Hermine Rosalie Schomburgk (1861– ) married John Herbert Evans on 8 April 1891.

His older brother, Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk (5 June 1804 – 11 March 1865), carried out geographical, ethnological and botanical studies in South America and the West Indies (in which Schomburgk participated) and also fulfilled diplomatic missions for Great Britain in the Dominican Republic and Thailand.

Another brother, Otto Alfred Carl Schomburgk (28 August 1810 – 16 August 1857), (see below) and his wife Maria Charlotte Schomburgk (née Von Selchow), arrived in South Australia with Moritz Richard Schomburgk aboard the Princess Louise in August 1849. They had a son Robert Carl (1856 – 24 February 1909).^[6]

His youngest brother, Julius Ludwig Schomburgk, (c. 1818 – 9 March 1893), was chief designer for Adelaide silversmith J. M. Wendt.

A sister, Caroline Schomburgk ( – 15 November 1874), was the second wife of Rev. Dr Carl Wilhelm Ludwig Muecke (16 July 1815 – 4 January 1898) of Tanunda, also a passenger on the Princess Louise.

Education

Schomburgk studied botany at Berlin and in the Royal Gardens at Potsdam.^[2]

Career

In 1844 he went on the Prussian-British expedition to British Guiana and Brazil, led by his brother Robert. He acted as their historian and botanist, collecting for the University of Berlin museum, and after their return spent three years preparing the three-volume record of the expedition, which was presented to Frederick William IV, King of Prussia.^[7]

Australia

After the revolutions of 1848, Richard and his brother Otto,^[a] and Otto's wife Maria Charlotte Schomburgk (née Von Selchow) emigrated to South Australia aboard the Princess Louise, arriving in August 1849. While at sea he married Pauline Henriette Schomburgk Kneib). Other emigrants by the Princess Louise include Carl Linger and Carl Wilhelm Ludwig Muecke.

He settled in Gawler, South Australia; and, through this, he was one of a number of influential German-speaking residents — such as Ludwig Becker, Hermann Beckler, William Blandowski, Amalie Dietrich, Wilhelm Haacke, Diedrich Henne, Gerard Krefft, Johann Luehmann, Johann Menge, Carl Mücke (a.k.a. Muecke), Ludwig Preiss, Carl Ludwig Christian Rümker (a.k.a. Ruemker), Richard Wolfgang Semon, Karl Theodor Staiger, George Ulrich, Eugene von Guérard, Robert von Lendenfeld, Ferdinand von Mueller, Georg von Neumayer, and Carl Wilhelmi — who brought their "epistemic traditions" to Australia, and not only became "deeply entangled with the Australian colonial project", but also were "intricately involved in imagining, knowing and shaping colonial Australia" (Barrett, et al., 2018, p.2).^[b]

In 1865, he became Director of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, a position he kept until his death and was succeeded by Maurice William Holtze.

Works

He wrote Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der Flora und Fauna von Britisch-Guiana (1848).

Death

Schomburgk died in Adelaide, South Australia.^[1]

Taxa named in his honor

Moritz Richard Schomburgk is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Australian lizard, Ctenotus schomburgkii.^[15]^[16]
the yellowfin whiting Sillago schomburgkii Peters, 1864^[17]

The standard author abbreviation M.R.Schomb. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.^[18]

Notes

^ Otto Alfred Carl Schomburgk was involved with Carl Muecke and Gustav Dröge as founders of the newspaper Suedaustralische Zeitung in 1848. He was a founder of the German Immigration Society that reopened the German Labour Office, to expedite immigration of suitable German citizens.^[8] He was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1851^[9] and as Rev. Dr Schomburgk appointed an officiating minister the same year.^[10] He was appointed to the Central Board of Education in 1852^[11] and served as judge at the Gawler Races in 1853. He was a leader in the push to make two councils from the Mudla Wirra and Port Gawler Council,^[12] and creation of a network of meteorological observers, having himself taken regular observations since 1850.^[13] He died at home in Buchsfelde on 16 August 1857, aged 48, after a long illness.^[14]
^ In relation to "Australasia", another German-speaking explorer and geologist, Julius von Haast (1822-1887), was appointed as the inaugural Curator/Director of the Canterbury Museum, in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1867.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Middelmann, Raoul F. "Schomburgk, Moritz Richard (1811–1891)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b Mennell, Philip (1892). "Schomburgk, Richard Von" . The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co – via Wikisource. This work gives his birthplace as the non-existent "Fribault", an error repeated elsewhere.
^ "Served Nearly 55 Years". The Observer (Adelaide). Vol. LXXXV, no. 4, 450. South Australia. 6 October 1928. p. 22. Retrieved 12 February 2023 – via National Library of Australia. A more complete biography.
^ "Former Sheriff Dies, Aged 80". The Advertiser. Adelaide, S.A.: National Library of Australia. 1 September 1938. p. 18. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
^ "Family Notices". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. LV, no. 17, 007. South Australia. 19 April 1913. p. 18. Retrieved 12 February 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Railway Accident. Smash at Oodla Wirra". Observer (Adelaide). Vol. LXVI, no. 3, 517. South Australia. 27 February 1909. p. 37. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Dr Schomburgk". Australian Town and Country Journal. Vol. VII, no. 168. New South Wales, Australia. 22 March 1873. p. 9. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Advertising". The South Australian. Vol. XIII, no. 1165. South Australia. 26 July 1850. p. 1. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Appointments". South Australian Register. Vol. XV, no. 1394. South Australia. 4 April 1851. p. 2. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Officiating Minister". South Australian Register. Vol. XV, no. 1581. South Australia. 17 October 1851. p. 4. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Government Gazette". South Australian Register. Vol. XVI, no. 1744. South Australia. 16 April 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "District Council for Mudla Wirra and Port Gawler". South Australian Register. Vol. XVII, no. 2239. South Australia. 18 November 1853. p. 3. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Meteorological Observations". Adelaide Observer. Vol. XIII, no. 607. South Australia. 10 February 1855. p. 5. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Family Notices". Adelaide Times. Vol. XI, no. 2187. South Australia. 17 August 1857. p. 2. Retrieved 3 June 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Schomburgk", p. 237).
^ Species Ctenotus schomburgkii at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database-org.
^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (22 September 2018). "Series EUPERCARIA (Incertae sedis): Families CALLANTHIIDAE, CENTROGENYIDAE, DINOLESTIDAE, DINOPERCIDAE, EMMELICHTHYIDAE, MALACANTHIDAE, MONODACTYLIDAE, MORONIDAE, PARASCORPIDIDAE, SCIAENIDAE and SILLAGINIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
^ International Plant Names Index. M.R.Schomb.

References

Barrett, L., Eckstein, L., Hurley, A.W. & Schwarz A. (2018), "Remembering German-Australian Colonial Entanglement: An Introduction", Postcolonial Studies, Vol.21, No.1, (January 2018), pp.1-5. doi:10.1080/13688790.2018.1443671
Orchard, A.E. (1999) A History of Systematic Botany in Australia, in Flora of Australia Vol.1, 2nd ed., ABRS.
Roth, Walter E. (editor and translator) (1922–1923). Richard Schomburgk’s Travels in British Guiana 1840–1844. (2 volumes). Georgetown: Daily Chronicle Office.
"Robert Schomburgk and Richard Schomburgk" In: Taylor, Tom; Taylor, Michael (2011). Aves: A Survey of the Literature of Neotropical Ornithology. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Libraries.