Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

Not to be confused with Montgomery, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania.

Montgomery County
County
Montgomery County Courthouse in Norristown, May 2007
Montgomery County Courthouse in Norristown, May 2007
Flag of Montgomery County
Flag
Official seal of Montgomery County
Seal
Nickname: 
Montco[1]
Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Montgomery County
Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
Map of the United States highlighting Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 40°13′N 75°22′W / 40.21°N 75.37°W / 40.21; -75.37
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
FoundedSeptember 10, 1784
Named forRichard Montgomery or Montgomeryshire
SeatNorristown
Largest municipalityLower Merion Township
Government
 • County CommissionersJamila H. Winder, Chair
Neil K. Makhija, Vice Chair
Thomas DiBello, Commissioner
Area
 • Total
487 sq mi (1,260 km2)
 • Land483 sq mi (1,250 km2)
 • Water4.2 sq mi (11 km2)  0.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
856,553
 • Estimate 
(2022)
868,742 Increase
 • Density1,773/sq mi (685/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts1st, 4th, 5th
Websitemontgomerycountypa.gov
Map
Interactive map of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

Montgomery County, colloquially referred to as Montco,[1] is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population of the county was 856,553, making it the third-most populous county in Pennsylvania after Philadelphia and Allegheny counties, also the most populous county in Pennsylvania without a major city.[2] The county is part of the Southeast Pennsylvania region of the state.[a]

The county seat and largest city is Norristown.[3] The county is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington PA-NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area, known as the Delaware Valley, and marks the Delaware Valley's northern border with the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania.

The county borders Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city, to its southeast, Bucks County to its east, Berks and Lehigh counties to its north, Delaware County to its south, and Chester County to its southwest.

The county was created on September 10, 1784, out of land originally part of Philadelphia County. The first courthouse was housed in the Barley Sheaf Inn. It is believed to have been named either for Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while attempting to capture Quebec City, or for the Welsh county of Montgomeryshire, which was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counselors, Roger de Montgomerie, since it was part of the Welsh Tract, an area of Pennsylvania settled by Quakers from Wales.[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 487 square miles (1,260 km2), 483 square miles (1,250 km2) of which was land and 4.2 square miles (11 km2) (0.9%) of which was water.[5]

Adjacent counties

National protected area

County-owned parks [6]

Park Acres Trail Miles
Perkiomen Valley Park 800 19
Green Lane Park 3,400 25
Schuylkill Canal Park - 5
Lorimer Park 230 5.4
Lower Perkiomen Valley Park 107 -
Norristown Farm Park 690 8
Upper Schuylkill Valley Park 15 -

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179022,918—
180024,1505.4%
181029,70323.0%
182035,79320.5%
183039,40610.1%
184047,24119.9%
185058,29123.4%
186070,50020.9%
187081,61215.8%
188096,49418.2%
1890123,29027.8%
1900138,99512.7%
1910169,59022.0%
1920199,31017.5%
1930265,80433.4%
1940289,2478.8%
1950353,06822.1%
1960516,68246.3%
1970623,79920.7%
1980643,6213.2%
1990678,1115.4%
2000750,09710.6%
2010799,8846.6%
2020856,5537.1%
2022 (est.)864,683[7]0.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790–1960[9] 1900–1990[10]
1990–2000[11] 2010–2020[2]

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county was 73.27% White (72.18% White, non-Hispanic), 9.55% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American or Alaskan Native, 7.94% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, and 2.87% some other race; 6.13% were two or more races. 6.36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[12]

Montgomery County Racial Composition[13]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 618,244 72.2%
Black or African American (NH) 79,510 9.3%
Native American (NH) 763 0.1%
Asian (NH) 67,761 8%
Pacific Islander (NH) 168 0.02%
Other/Mixed (NH) 35,595 4.2%
Hispanic or Latino 54,512 6.4%

The largest townships/boroughs in Montgomery County include:

Township/borough Population (2010 US Census) Density mi2
Lower Merion Township 57,825 2,526.1
Abington Township 55,310 3,630.3
Cheltenham Township 36,793 4,083.1
Municipality of Norristown 34,324 9,806.9
Upper Merion Township 28,395 1,593.3
Horsham Township 26,147 1,398.6
Upper Dublin Township 25,569 1,960.7
Lower Providence Township 25,436 1,458.8
Montgomery Township 24,790 2,067.1
Upper Moreland Township 24,015 3,202

Economy

Montgomery County ranges from the densely populated rowhouse streets of Cheltenham Township (top) to the forests and open land around Perkiomen Creek in the northern part of the county (bottom).

Montgomery County is a suburb of Philadelphia, the nation's sixth most populous city. Many Montco residents work in the city, but the county is also a major employment center with large business parks in Blue Bell, Lansdale, Fort Washington, Horsham, and King of Prussia attracting thousands of workers from all over the region. The strong job base and taxes generated by those jobs have resulted in Montgomery County receiving the highest credit rating of 'AAA' from Standard & Poor's, one of fewer than 30 counties in the United States with such a rating.[14] In 2012, Moody's downgraded the general obligation rating to Aa1,[15] and in 2018 the rating was revised back to Aaa.[16]

Major employers include:[17]

Education

Colleges and universities

Public school districts

Map of Montgomery County public school districts

School districts:[18]

Private secondary schools

Night schools/adult education

  • Abington Township Adult School
  • Cheltenham Township Adult School

Communities

Map of Montgomery County with municipal labels showing boroughs (red), townships (white), and census-designated places (blue)

Under Pennsylvania law, five types of incorporated municipalities are listed: cities, boroughs, townships, home rule municipalities (which can include communities that bear the name "Borough" or "Township") and, in at most two cases, towns. These boroughs, townships, and home rule municipalities are located in Montgomery County:

Home rule municipalities

Boroughs

Townships

Unincorporated areas

Census-designated places

Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the United States Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here, as well.

Even though the historic village of Valley Forge, as well as the park, are partially located within Montgomery County, the modern village is in Chester County, PA

Other communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Montgomery County.[21]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 † Norristown Municipality 35,748
2 Pottstown Borough 23,433
3 King of Prussia CDP 22,028
4 Lansdale Borough 18,773
5 Horsham CDP 15,193
6 Willow Grove CDP 13,730
7 Ardmore (partially in Delaware County) CDP 13,566
8 Montgomeryville CDP 12,998
9 Harleysville CDP 9,899
10 Conshohocken Borough 9,261
11 Audubon CDP 8,688
12 Sanatoga CDP 8,496
13 Hatboro Borough 8,238
14 Kulpsville CDP 8,159
15 Glenside CDP 7,737
16 Plymouth Meeting CDP 7,452
17 Souderton Borough 7,191
18 Ambler Borough 6,807
19 Maple Glen CDP 6,647
20 Blue Bell CDP 6,506
21 Penn Wynne CDP 6,493
22 Oreland CDP 6,210
23 Fort Washington CDP 5,910
24 Bryn Mawr CDP 5,879
25 Wyndmoor CDP 5,853
26 Gilbertsville CDP 5,508
27 Trooper CDP 5,481
28 Collegeville Borough 5,043
29 Bridgeport Borough 5,015
30 Royersford Borough 4,940
31 Telford (partially in Bucks County) Borough 4,928
32 Eagleville CDP 4,800
33 Flourtown CDP 4,786
34 Jenkintown Borough 4,719
35 Narberth Borough 4,492
36 Gladwyne CDP 4,096
37 Trappe Borough 4,002
38 Pennsburg Borough 3,889
39 Spring House CDP 3,978
40 Skippack CDP 3,928
41 Stowe CDP 3,697
42 Hatfield Borough 3,496
43 Pottsgrove CDP 3,471
44 North Wales Borough 3,426
45 Halfway House CDP 3,273
46 East Greenville Borough 3,166
47 Wyncote CDP 3,081
48 Rockledge Borough 2,638
49 Spring Mount CDP 2,498
50 Red Hill Borough 2,496
51 Evansburg CDP 2,410
52 Haverford College (mostly in Delaware County) CDP 1,497
53 West Conshohocken Borough 1,493
54 Woxhall CDP 1,297
55 Schwenksville Borough 1,296
56 Bryn Athyn Municipality 1,272   
57 Arcadia University CDP 758
58 Green Lane Borough 490

Transportation

Major roads and highways

I-276/Pennsylvania Turnpike eastbound at the Interstate 476/Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension in Montgomery County

Public transportation

The county is served by the SEPTA, which include bus, commuter rail, and interurban rail services. Pottstown Area Rapid Transit (PART) also provides bus services around the Pottstown area in the western portion of the county.[22]

Airports

Commercial airline service is provided primarily by Philadelphia International Airport, one of the nation's largest commercial airports, located in Philadelphia and Delaware counties.[23]

Other public use airports include Heritage Field in Limerick Township, Wings Field in Blue Bell, and Pottstown Municipal Airport in Pottstown.

Culture

Climate

The majority of the county has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa). In most southern areas of the county and along the Schuylkill River including Pottstown a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) exists. The hardiness zone is 7a for the majority of the county and 7b in most areas south of Interstate 276. 6b only continues to exist in some very small higher areas in the north. [1]

Climate data for Upper Hanover Twp (Elevation: 489 ft; 149 m) 1981 - 2010 Averages
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 37.8
(3.2) 		41.1
(5.1) 		49.8
(9.9) 		61.7
(16.5) 		72.1
(22.3) 		80.8
(27.1) 		84.9
(29.4) 		83.2
(28.4) 		76.2
(24.6) 		64.5
(18.1) 		53.3
(11.8) 		41.8
(5.4) 		62.4
(16.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.3
(−1.5) 		31.9
(−0.1) 		39.7
(4.3) 		50.5
(10.3) 		60.4
(15.8) 		69.5
(20.8) 		74.0
(23.3) 		72.3
(22.4) 		64.8
(18.2) 		53.2
(11.8) 		43.5
(6.4) 		33.5
(0.8) 		52.0
(11.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 20.8
(−6.2) 		22.7
(−5.2) 		29.6
(−1.3) 		39.2
(4.0) 		48.7
(9.3) 		58.3
(14.6) 		63.0
(17.2) 		61.4
(16.3) 		53.4
(11.9) 		41.9
(5.5) 		33.7
(0.9) 		25.2
(−3.8) 		41.6
(5.3)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.27
(83) 		2.71
(69) 		3.55
(90) 		3.86
(98) 		4.27
(108) 		4.21
(107) 		4.83
(123) 		3.90
(99) 		4.63
(118) 		4.26
(108) 		3.65
(93) 		3.75
(95) 		46.89
(1,191)
Average relative humidity (%) 68.4 65.1 60.6 59.5 63.6 69.0 69.0 71.8 72.9 71.4 70.4 70.7 67.7
Average dew point °F (°C) 20.2
(−6.6) 		21.5
(−5.8) 		27.2
(−2.7) 		36.9
(2.7) 		48.0
(8.9) 		58.9
(14.9) 		63.2
(17.3) 		62.7
(17.1) 		55.9
(13.3) 		44.2
(6.8) 		34.5
(1.4) 		25.0
(−3.9) 		41.6
(5.3)
Source: PRISM[24]
Climate data for Cheltenham (Elevation: 125 ft; 38 m) 1981 - 2010 Averages
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 40.6
(4.8) 		43.9
(6.6) 		52.0
(11.1) 		63.3
(17.4) 		73.0
(22.8) 		82.3
(27.9) 		86.3
(30.2) 		84.9
(29.4) 		78.0
(25.6) 		66.7
(19.3) 		55.9
(13.3) 		44.9
(7.2) 		64.4
(18.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 33.2
(0.7) 		35.9
(2.2) 		43.2
(6.2) 		53.7
(12.1) 		63.2
(17.3) 		72.8
(22.7) 		77.3
(25.2) 		76.0
(24.4) 		68.8
(20.4) 		57.3
(14.1) 		47.5
(8.6) 		37.7
(3.2) 		55.6
(13.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 25.8
(−3.4) 		27.8
(−2.3) 		34.3
(1.3) 		44.0
(6.7) 		53.4
(11.9) 		63.2
(17.3) 		68.4
(20.2) 		67.1
(19.5) 		59.6
(15.3) 		48.0
(8.9) 		39.2
(4.0) 		30.4
(−0.9) 		46.9
(8.3)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.46
(88) 		2.77
(70) 		4.10
(104) 		3.92
(100) 		4.15
(105) 		4.12
(105) 		4.96
(126) 		4.24
(108) 		4.29
(109) 		3.71
(94) 		3.52
(89) 		3.92
(100) 		47.16
(1,198)
Average relative humidity (%) 65.5 61.6 57.3 57.2 61.4 63.5 65.0 66.9 68.0 67.9 66.5 66.6 64.0
Average dew point °F (°C) 22.9
(−5.1) 		24.0
(−4.4) 		29.1
(−1.6) 		38.9
(3.8) 		49.7
(9.8) 		59.7
(15.4) 		64.6
(18.1) 		64.2
(17.9) 		57.8
(14.3) 		46.8
(8.2) 		36.9
(2.7) 		27.6
(−2.4) 		43.6
(6.4)
Source: PRISM[24]

Politics

As of November 4, 2024, there are 632,719 registered voters in Montgomery County.[25]

Montgomery County historically was a stronghold for the Republican Party. The county was the only one carried by Barbara Hafer in the 1990 gubernatorial election over the incumbent governor, Bob Casey. However, the Democratic Party has made substantial gains in the county over the last quarter-century and gained the registration edge early in 2008.

Like neighboring Bucks County, the county voted Democratic during the Civil War era, voting Democratic between 1856 and 1876, except in 1860 and 1872. Like most of Philadelphia's suburbs, the brand of Republicanism practiced in Montgomery County for much of the 20th century was moderate. As the national parties have polarized, the county's voters have increasingly supported Democrats at the national level. The county voted for the Republican presidential nominee in all but two elections from 1880 to 1988, that being in 1892 and 1964. However, Montgomery County residents have voted for the Democratic presidential nominee since 1992, with the margins progressively increasing between every election, except in 2012. In the 2020 election, Joe Biden became the first Democrat to obtain over 60% of the county's vote.

Despite Donald Trump's victory in the state of Pennsylvania in the 2016 presidential election, Montgomery County was one of the few counties in Pennsylvania that swung in the Democratic presidential candidates' direction with Hillary Clinton winning Montgomery County with 58.87% of the vote, an improvement from Barack Obama's 56.6% vote share in 2012. In the 2016 U.S. Senate and Pennsylvania Attorney General elections, Montgomery County voted for Katie McGinty and Josh Shapiro, both Democrats.[26]

Most county-level offices were held by Republicans until after the 2007 election, when Democrats picked up control of five row offices. Democrats have also won several elections in the Pennsylvania General Assembly in recent years, including two GOP-leaning State House districts in 2004, the 148th with Mike Gerber and the 153rd with current Governor Josh Shapiro. Today, although the county is very Democratic at the national level, at the state and local level, it is not specifically partisan.

In the 2004 United States Senate election, Republican Arlen Specter won the county over Montco resident Joe Hoeffel, but Democrat Bob Casey, Jr. out-polled Rick Santorum in the 2006 Senate election. In 2006, Democrat Rick Taylor unseated incumbent Republican Eugene McGill in the 151st, although Taylor lost in 2010 to Republican Todd Stephens and, in 2008, Democrat Matthew Bradford unseated incumbent Republican Jay Moyer in the 70th. Six of the county's 12 state house seats and four of the county's eight senate seats are now held by Democrats. All four statewide Democratic candidates carried Montgomery in 2008, with Barack Obama receiving 60% of the county's vote. Barack Obama won Montgomery County in 2008 and 2012.

United States presidential election results for Montgomery County, Pennsylvania[27]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 198,311 37.91% 317,103 60.62% 7,724 1.48%
2020 185,460 36.23% 319,511 62.41% 6,949 1.36%
2016 162,731 37.10% 256,082 58.38% 19,839 4.52%
2012 174,381 42.24% 233,356 56.52% 5,132 1.24%
2008 165,552 39.16% 253,393 59.94% 3,796 0.90%
2004 175,741 43.98% 222,048 55.57% 1,802 0.45%
2000 145,623 43.81% 177,990 53.54% 8,809 2.65%
1996 121,047 41.18% 143,664 48.87% 29,250 9.95%
1992 125,704 39.46% 136,572 42.87% 56,300 17.67%
1988 170,294 60.20% 109,834 38.83% 2,742 0.97%
1984 181,426 64.18% 99,741 35.29% 1,499 0.53%
1980 156,996 57.81% 84,289 31.04% 30,268 11.15%
1976 155,480 56.92% 112,644 41.24% 5,045 1.85%
1972 173,662 64.31% 91,959 34.06% 4,397 1.63%
1968 141,621 54.32% 102,464 39.30% 16,647 6.38%
1964 102,714 42.96% 135,657 56.74% 704 0.29%
1960 142,796 60.68% 92,212 39.18% 318 0.14%
1956 133,270 69.20% 59,095 30.69% 218 0.11%
1952 115,899 66.62% 57,701 33.17% 373 0.21%
1948 85,576 66.53% 41,112 31.96% 1,938 1.51%
1944 78,260 61.71% 47,815 37.70% 752 0.59%
1940 73,250 59.51% 49,409 40.14% 432 0.35%
1936 66,442 52.52% 57,870 45.74% 2,194 1.73%
1932 64,619 64.00% 32,971 32.66% 3,371 3.34%
1928 76,680 76.37% 23,026 22.93% 702 0.70%
1924 45,407 75.48% 11,094 18.44% 3,653 6.07%
1920 31,963 69.70% 12,239 26.69% 1,653 3.60%
1916 20,431 58.25% 13,658 38.94% 983 2.80%
1912 8,978 26.69% 11,894 35.37% 12,760 37.94%
1908 19,088 59.82% 11,899 37.29% 922 2.89%
1904 18,833 62.58% 10,420 34.62% 843 2.80%
1900 17,051 59.10% 11,208 38.85% 590 2.05%
1896 17,329 61.25% 9,985 35.29% 980 3.46%
1892 13,591 49.10% 13,611 49.17% 480 1.73%
1888 13,445 50.90% 12,582 47.63% 390 1.48%
1884 11,617 50.54% 11,088 48.24% 281 1.22%
1880 11,026 49.75% 11,025 49.75% 112 0.51%

Government

Montgomery County is governed by a three-person county commission. The current composition is two Democrats and one Republican. By law, the county commission must have one member of a minority party represented.

County commissioners

Holder Party Position
Jamila H. Winder Democratic Chair
Neil K. Makhija Democratic Vice Chair
Thomas DiBello Republican

County row offices

As of the November 2019 election:

Office Holder Party
Clerk of Courts Lori Schreiber Democratic
Controller Karen Geld Sanchez Democratic
Coroner Janine Darby Democratic
District Attorney Kevin R. Steele Democratic
Prothonotary Noah Marlier Democratic
Recorder of Deeds Jeanne Sorg Democratic
Register of Wills Tina Lawson Democratic
Sheriff Sean Kilkenny Democratic
Treasurer Jason Salus Democratic
Jury Commissioner Joanne Cisco Olszewski Democratic
Jury Commissioner Merry Woods Republican

Same-sex marriage

On July 24, 2013, Montgomery County Register of Wills D. Bruce Hanes, a Democrat, announced he would begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples, flouting Pennsylvania law banning such unions. Hanes called the commonwealth's ban "arbitrary and suspect", saying he believes it violates the Pennsylvania Constitution and the United States Constitution. The Republican administration of Governor Tom Corbett filed suit in the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania in an attempt to block Hanes from licensing same-sex marriage.[28] Commonwealth Court Judge Dan Pellegrini ordered Hanes in September 2013 to stop issuing same-sex marriage licenses. After Federal Judge John Jones threw out Pennsylvania's ban on same-sex marriage in May 2014, calling it unconstitutional, offices in other counties were able to issue these licenses, while Hanes had to wait for the ruling against him to be removed.[29]

United States Senate

Senator Party
Bob Casey Democrat
John Fetterman Democrat

United States House of Representatives

This 2018 Congressional map ordered by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania places the majority of Montgomery County in the newly created 4th congressional district.
District Representative Party
1 Brian Fitzpatrick Republican
4 Madeleine Dean Democratic
5 Mary Gay Scanlon Democratic

State senate

District Representative Party
4 Art Haywood Democratic
7 Vincent Hughes Democratic
12 Maria Collett Democratic
17 Amanda Cappelletti Democratic
24 Tracy Pennycuick Republican
44 Katie Muth Democratic

State House of Representatives

District Representative Party
26 Paul Friel Democratic
53 Steve Malagari Democratic
54 Greg Scott Democratic
61 Liz Hanbidge Democratic
70 Matthew Bradford Democratic
131 Milou Mackenzie Republican
146 Joe Ciresi Democratic
147 Donna Scheuren Republican
148 Mary Jo Daley Democratic
149 Tim Briggs Democratic
150 Joseph Webster Democratic
151 Melissa Cerrato Democratic
152 Nancy Guenst Democratic
153 Ben Sanchez Democratic
154 Napoleon Nelson Democratic
157 Melissa Shusterman Democratic
166 Greg Vitali Democratic
172 Kevin J. Boyle Democratic
194 Pam DeLissio Democratic

See also

References

  1. ^ Includes Philadelphia, Montgomery, Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Lehigh and Northampton Counties
  1. ^ a b
    • "Amos Lee Performs, Montco Train Derailment, The First Lady of World War II". WHYY. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
    • "NEXT Weather: Tornado warnings expire for Philadelphia, MontCo". CBS News Philadelphia. July 16, 2023. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
    • Stamm, Dan (July 18, 2023). "Pa. Turnpike in Montco was closed for hours Tuesday morning". NBC10 Philadelphia. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
  2. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Montgomery County, Pennsylvania". Family Search. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  6. ^ "2023 Proposed Operating Budget".
  7. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021". Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  8. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  9. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  10. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  11. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  12. ^ "Explore Census Data".
  13. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Montgomery County, Pennsylvania".
  14. ^ "Montgomery County," Rydal-Meadowbrook Civic Association Archived October 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ "Moody's downgrades Montgomery County's (PA) general obligation rating to Aa1 from Aaa; outlook is stable". Moodys.com. July 19, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  16. ^ "Montgomery County, PA". Montgomery County, PA. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
  17. ^ Top 50 Employers by County – Montgomery Archived October 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "2020 census - school district reference map: Montgomery County, PA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2022. - Text list - See also county's school district map
  19. ^ Meetings & Notices Archived July 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Upper Frederick Township, Pennsylvania
  21. ^ "Decennial Census by Decades". www.census.gov. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  22. ^ "Welcome Aboard!". Pottstown Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  23. ^ "About Us | PHL.org". www.phl.org. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  24. ^ a b "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  25. ^ Pennsylvania Department of State, Voting and Election Statistics, accessed November 4, 2024
  26. ^ "Montgomery County Election Results". electionresults.montcopa.org. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  27. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  28. ^ "Pennsylvania Gay Marriage Law Deemed 'Suspect' By County Official". The Huffington Post. August 19, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
  29. ^ "Montgomery County still unable to issue same-sex marriage licenses". The Times Herald. May 21, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
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