Monte Cristo Peak

Monte Cristo Peak
Northwest aspect from Glacier Basin
Highest point
Elevation7,136 ft (2,175 m) NGVD 29[1]
Prominence576 ft (176 m)[1]
Parent peakKyes Peak[1]
Coordinates47°58′17″N 121°20′28″W / 47.9714964°N 121.3412177°W / 47.9714964; -121.3412177[2]
Geography
Monte Cristo Peak is located in Washington (state)
Monte Cristo Peak
Monte Cristo Peak
Monte Cristo Peak is located in the United States
Monte Cristo Peak
Monte Cristo Peak
Monte Cristo Peak (the United States)
Parent rangeCascade Range
Topo mapUSGS Blanca Lake
Climbing
First ascent1923 by James M. Keyes and W. Zerum[3]

Monte Cristo Peak is a mountain peak in the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness in Washington state. Together with Columbia Peak and Kyes Peak it forms a basin that contains Columbia Glacier and Blanca Lake.[4] The 1918 edition of The Mountaineer called the mountain "a huge pile of red rock."[3]

Monte Cristo is named for the mining boom town of Monte Cristo,[3] which dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and which is situated on the mountain's northwestern flank. The town was owned by J. D. Rockefeller for a few years. A railroad and cable tramway was built to move materials.

Climate

Monte Cristo Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.[5] Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.[5] Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) or above 80 °F (27 °C).[5] During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.[5] Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.[5]

Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch.[6] With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted.[6] Glacier Peak, a stratovolcano that is 14.3 mi (23.0 km) northeast of Monte Cristo Peak, began forming in the mid-Pleistocene.[5] In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.[6]

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris.[6] The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

  • Monte Cristo Peak from Columbia Peak
    Monte Cristo Peak from Columbia Peak
  • Monte Cristo Peak with Kyes Peak to the right from Blanca Lake
    Monte Cristo Peak with Kyes Peak to the right from Blanca Lake

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Monte Cristo Peak, Washington". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
  2. ^ "Monte Cristo Peak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
  3. ^ a b c Beckey, Fred W. (2003). Cascade Alpine Guide: climbing and high routes, Vol. 2, Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass (3rd ed.). Mountaineers Books. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-89886-838-8.
  4. ^ "Area around Monte Cristo Peak" (map). Acme Mapper. Retrieved 2015-04-10.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Beckey, Fred W. Cascade Alpine Guide, Climbing and High Routes. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2008.
  6. ^ a b c d Kruckeberg, Arthur (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press.