Mohoua

Mohoua
Whitehead (Mohoua albicilla)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Infraorder: Corvides
Family: Mohouidae
Mathews, 1946
Genus: Mohoua
Lesson, 1837
Type species
Certhia heteroclites[1] = Muscicapa ochrocephala
Quoy & Gaimard, 1830

Mohoua is a small genus of three bird species endemic to New Zealand. The scientific name is taken from mohua – the Māori name for the yellowhead.[2] Their taxonomic placement has presented problems: They have typically been placed in the whistler family, Pachycephalidae, but in 2013 it was established that they are best placed in their own family, Mohouidae.[3] A large molecular genetic study published in 2019 found that the family is sister to the family Neosittidae containing the three sittellas.[4]

All three species display some degree of sexual dimorphism in terms of size, with the males being the larger of the two sexes.[5] Mohoua are gregarious (more so outside the breeding season) and usually forage in groups. They also forage in mixed species flocks at times, frequently forming the nucleus of such flocks.[2] Social organization and behaviour is well documented for all three Mohoua species; cooperative breeding has been observed in all three species and is common in the whitehead and yellowhead.[2] The three species of this genus are the sole hosts for the long-tailed cuckoo which acts as a brood parasite upon them, pushing their eggs out of the nest and laying a single one of its own in their place so that they take no part in incubation of their eggs or in raising their young.[5]

Taxonomy

The genus Mohoua was introduced in 1837 by the French naturalist René Lesson to accommodate a single species, the yellowhead, which is therefore the type species of the genus.[6][7]

Species

Genus Mohoua – Lesson, 1837 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Whitehead

Mohoua albicilla
(Lesson, 1830) 		North Island of New Zealand Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Pipipi or New Zealand brown creeper

Mohoua novaeseelandiae
(Gmelin, 1789) 		South Island of New Zealand Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Yellowhead

Mohoua ochrocephala
(Gmelin, 1789) 		South Island of New Zealand Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



References

  1. ^ "Mohouidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ a b c "Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds"; Volume 7, edited by Peter Higgins, OUP, 2000
  3. ^ Zachary Aidala et al. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Mohoua, endemic hosts of New Zealand's obligate brood parasitic Long-tailed Cuckoo (Eudynamys taitensis). Journal of Ornithology, published online June, 2013; doi: 10.1007/s10336-013-0978-8
  4. ^ Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. 116 (16): 7916–7925. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7916O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. PMC 6475423. PMID 30936315.
  5. ^ a b Barrie Heather and Hugh Robertson, "The Field Guide to the Birds of New Zealand" (revised edition), Viking, 2005
  6. ^ Lesson, René (1837). Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particulière des Mammifères et des Oiseaux Décoverts Depuis la Mort de Buffon (in French). Vol. 9, Oiseaux. Paris: Pourrat Frères. p. 139.
  7. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 460. Note that Mayr gives the wrong title and date for Lesson's book.


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