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A military brat (colloquial or military slang) is a child of serving or retired military personnel. Military brats are associated with a unique subculture^[1] and cultural identity.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] A military brat's childhood or adolescent life may be immersed in military culture to the point where the mainstream culture of their home country may seem foreign or peripheral.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] In many countries where there are military brat subcultures, the child's family moves great distances from one non-combat assignment to another for much of their youth.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

For highly mobile military brats, a mixed cultural identity often results, due to exposure to numerous national or regional cultures.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Within military culture, the term military brat is not considered to be a pejorative (as in describing a spoiled child), but rather connotes affection and respect.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[6] War-related family stresses, including long-term war-related absence of a parent, as well as war aftermath issues, are common features of military brat life in some countries, although the degree of war-involvement of individual countries with military brat subcultures may vary.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Life and culture

A common pattern in these subcultures is a heavy childhood and adolescent immersion in military culture to the point of marginalizing (or having significant feelings of difference in relation to) one's national civilian culture.^[2]^[4]^[5]^[7] This is characterized by a strong identification with military culture rather than civilian culture.^[2]^[4]^[5]^[7] Another term for this is the "militarization of childhood".^[2]^[4]^[5]^[7]

In some countries where military brat subcultures occur, there may also be an itinerant or modern nomadic lifestyle involved as the child follows their military parent(s) from base to base, in many cases never having a hometown (or at least going through very long periods of being away from one's home town).^[2]^[3]^[6]^[8] It also can involve living outside of one's home country at or near overseas military bases in foreign cultures, or in regions within one's home country far from one's home region, along with experiences of significant cultural difference in either case.^[2]^[6]^[9] Highly mobile military brat subcultures have also been described as modern nomadic or peripatetic subcultures.^[4]^[6]

Use of term

The term "military brat" occurs within military cultures in Australia,^[2]^[4] India (also called "Cantonment Kids"),^[3] Canada (also called "Base Brats"),^[2]^[4] Pakistan, New Zealand,^[4] the United Kingdom,^[6] and the United States.^[2] Military-dependent subcultures, also known as camp followers,^{[citation needed]} have existed (under various other names) in many parts of the world for thousands of years.^[10]

Feelings of difference, military brat identity versus civilian identity

Many military brats report difficulty in identifying where they belong^[1]^[8]^[11] (due to a lifestyle of constantly moving, and also immersion in military culture, and in many cases, also foreign cultures, as opposed to the civilian culture of their native countries, while growing up)^[11] and frequently feel like outsiders in relation to the civilian culture of their native countries.^[2]^[6]^[10]^[12] The home countries of a number of Military Brat subcultures have highly mobile (modern Nomadic) lifestyles, or at least significant overseas (or distant-internal) assignments for career military families and their children and adolescents while growing up, including Canada,^[2] Britain,^[6]^[13] France, India, Pakistan, the Philippines,^[5] Australia,^[4] New Zealand^[4] and the United States.^[2]^[8]^[14] These military-dependent subcultures are generations old.^[10]

Some ex-military dependents have found that their mobile upbringing has been massively influential in determining their eventual career in adulthood. One example of this is British actress/comedian Dawn French who discussed her childhood as an RAF dependent in an interview with Radio 4. She stated that she felt that the need to make new friends every few years was one of the reasons she discovered her talent for comedy. She also discusses this aspect of her life in her autobiography.^[15]

American military brats have also been identified as a distinct American subculture.^[14]^[16]^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b David C. Pollock, Ruth E. van Reken. Third Culture Kids: Growing Up Among Worlds, Revised Edition. Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-85788-525-5
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Wertsch, Mary E. (January 2006). Military Brats: Legacies of Childhood Inside the Fortress. Brightwell. ISBN 0-9776033-0-X.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chatterjee, Smita. "Defense Kids In India: Growing Up Differently", Loving Your Child online magazine, December 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Ender, Morton. Military Brats and Other Global Nomads. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN 978-0-275-97266-0
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Suarez, Theresa Cenidoza. "The language of militarism: Engendering Filipino masculinity in the U.S. empire", ch. 4. University of California, San Diego, 2008. 130 pages, 3320357
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Cranston, CA. "Challenging Contemporary Ecocritical Place Discourses: Military Brats, Shadow Places, and Homeplace Consumerism". Indian Journal of Ecocriticism, V. 2, 2009. pp. 73–89. ISSN 0974-2840
^ ^a ^b ^c Enloe, Cynthia H. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives, p. 186. University of California Press; 1st edition, 2000. ISBN 978-0-520-22071-3
^ ^a ^b ^c "Forces children face time bomb". BBC News. 6 November 2009.
^ Hawkins, John P. Army of Hope, Army of Alienation: Culture and Contradiction in the American Army Communities of Cold War Germany. Praeger, 2001. ISBN 978-0-275-96738-3
^ ^a ^b ^c Holmes, Richard; ed (2001). The Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866209-2.
^ ^a ^b Eidse, Faith; Sichel, Nina. Unrooted Childhoods: Memoirs of Growing up Global, 1st edition. Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2003. ISBN 978-1-85788-338-1
^ Caforio, Giuseppe. Kümmel, Gerhard; Purkayastha, Bandana (eds.) Armed Forces and Conflict Resolution: Sociological Perspectives. Emerald Group Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84855-122-0
^ Bell, J. L. "Children Attached to the British Military" at Boston 1775 (blog), September 17, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Williams, Rudi. "Military Brats Are a Special Breed" Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine. Washington, D.C.: American Forces Press Service (US Department of Defense Publication), 2001.
^ Dear Fatty by Dawn French
^ Wertsch, Mary Edwards (April 23, 1991). Military Brats: Legacies of Childhood Inside the Fortress (1st hardcover ed.). Harmony. p. 350. ISBN 0-517-58400-X.
^ Musil, Donna. Brats: Our Journey Home (documentary film). Atlanta Georgia: Brats Without Borders Inc., 2005.