Milecastle

The remains of Milecastle 39 (Castle Nick), near Steel Rigg on Hadrian's Wall.
Part of a series on the
Military of ancient Rome
Structural history
Army
Navy
Campaign history
Technological history
Military engineering
Political history
 
Strategy and tactics
Frontiers and fortifications
Ancient Rome portal

A milecastle was a small fort (fortlet), a rectangular fortification built during the period of the Roman Empire. They were placed at intervals of approximately one Roman mile along several major frontiers, for example Hadrian's Wall in Great Britain (Britannia in the Roman period), hence the name.

Along Hadrian's Wall, milecastles were initially constructed of stone in the eastern two thirds, and stacked turf with a wooden palisade in the western third, though the turf milecastles were later rebuilt in stone. Size varied, but in general they were about 15m by 18m (50 feet by 65 feet) internally, with stone walls as much as 3m (10 feet) thick and probably 5m to 6m (17 to 20 feet) high, to match the height of the adjacent wall. There were 80 milecastles and 158 turrets.

On Hadrian's Wall, a milecastle (there are a few exceptions) guarded a gateway through the Wall with a corresponding causeway across the Wall ditch to the north, and had a garrison of perhaps 20–30 auxiliary soldiers housed in two barrack blocks. On either side of the milecastle was a stone tower (turret), located about one-third of a Roman mile (500m or 540 yards) away. It is assumed that the garrison also supplied soldiers to man the turrets. The milecastle's garrison controlled the passage of people, goods and livestock across the frontier, and it is likely that the milecastle acted as a customs post to levy taxation on that traffic.

A system of milecastles (known as milefortlets) and intervening stone watchtowers extended from the western end of Hadrian's Wall, along the Cumbrian coast as far as Tower 25B at Flimby,[1] but they were linked by a wooden palisade and not a wall fronted by a deep ditch, and they had no gateway through the palisade.[2]

Terminology and numbering

The term milecastle was formalised by Robert Smith in 1708, but was in informal use by locals before that date.[3] It generally refers to the installations attached to the curtain wall, with the term 'Milefortlet' being widely used to refer to similar installations that continued along the Cumbrian coast and were contemporary with the Milecastles. Turrets standing between milefortlets are referred to as towers.[4]

Milecastles are numbered from 1 (the easternmost Milecastle) to 80 in the West. This system was introduced by J. Collingwood Bruce at the end of the 19th century, and became a standard around 1930, though Peter Hill has suggested that there may have additionally been a Milecastle 0.[5] Milefortlets are numbered from 1 (West of Bowness on Solway) possibly as far as 26 (at Flimby). The widely used shorthand is, for example, 'MC1', 'MC2', etc. for Milecastles and 'MF1', 'MF2', etc. for Milefortlets. Intervening Turrets and Towers are referred to with an alphabetic suffix, so the turrets to the West of MC20 would be Turrets 20a and 20b, or 'T20a' and 'T20b'. Despite evidence of the curtain wall continuing for around a quarter of a mile west of Bowness-on-Solway, the Turrets between MC80 and MF1 are known as Towers 0a and 0b.[4]

Where the Turf Wall and Stone Walls diverge from one another (just to the west of Birdoswald), Milecastles and Turrets unique to the Turf Wall are given a 'TW' suffix, for example 'MC50 TW'.[4]

Milecastle plans

Gateways

The milecastles of Hadrian's Wall are recognised as having three principal types of gateway:[6]

  1. Type I have piers protruding symmetrically on the inside and outside of the gateway, with responds on both the inside and outside. The piers and passage-walls tend to be in large masonry, and the structure is broader (E to W) than it is deep (N to S, i.e. between the gateways). Examples are MC 38 (Hotbank) and MC 42 (Cawfields). Generally thought to have been built by Legio II Augusta.[7]
  2. Type II have piers protruding on the inside of the gateway, with responds on outside. The piers and passage-walls tend to be in smaller masonry than Type I. Only found on Narrow Wall milecastles; when similar gateways are found on Broad Wall milecastles, it is sometimes referred to as Type IV. An example is MC 9 (Chapel House). Generally thought to have been built by Legio XX Valeria Victrix.[7]
  3. Type III have piers protruding on the inside of the gateway, with responds on both the inside and outside. The piers tend to be in large masonry and the passage-walls in smaller material. Examples are MC 47 (Chapel House, E of Gilsland) and MC 48 (Poltross Burn). Generally thought to have been built by Legio VI Victrix.[7]

Axes

Two types of milecastle are discernible in plan. These are known as 'Long Axis' and 'Short Axis', with the referred axis being that between the northern and southern gateways. The only (known) exception is Milecastle 79, which was a Turf Wall milecastle subsequently rebuilt with stone.

  • Typical Long Axis Milecastle Plan
    Typical Long Axis Milecastle Plan
  • Typical Short Axis Milecastle Plan
    Typical Short Axis Milecastle Plan
  • Typical Turf Wall Milecastle Plan
    Typical Turf Wall Milecastle Plan
  • Gateway Type I – Short-axis milecastles built by legio II Augusta[7]
  • Gateway Types II and IV – long-axis milecastles built by legio XX Valeria Victrix[7]
  • Gateway Type III – Long-axis milecastles built by legio VI Victrix[7]

List of milecastles

Number Name
0 (unnamed, existence uncertain)
1 Stott's Pow[8]
2 Walker[9]
3 Ouseburn[10]
4 Westgate Road[11]
5 Quarry House[12]
6 Benwell Grove[13]
7 Benwell Bank[14]
8 West Denton[15]
9 Chapel House[16]
10 Walbottle Dene[17]
11 Throckley Bank Top[18]
12 Heddon[19]
13 Rudchester Burn[20]
14 March Burn[21]
15 Whitchester[22]
16 Harlow Hill[23]
17 Welton[24]
18 East Wallhouses[25]
19 Matfen Piers[26]
20 Halton Shields[27]
21 Down Hill[28]
22 Portgate[29]
23 Stanley[30]
24 Wall Fell[31]
25 Codlawhill[32]
26 Planetrees[33]
27 Low Brunton[34]
28 Walwick[35]
29 Tower Tye[36]
30 Limestone Corner[37]
31 Carrowburgh[38]
32 Carraw[39]
33 Shield-on-the-Wall[40]
34 Grindon[41]
35 Sewingshields[42]
36 King's Hill[43]
37 Housesteads[44]
38 Hotbank[45]
39 Castle Nick[46]
40 Winshields[47]
41 Melkridge[48]
42 Cawfields[49]
43 (Unnamed?)[50]
44 Allolee[51]
45 Walltown[52]
46 Carvoran[53]
47 Chapel House[54]
48 Poltross Burn[55]
49 Harrow's Scar[56]
50 Turf Wall[57]
51 Wall Bowers[58]
52 Bankshead[59]
53 Banks Burn[60]
54 Randylands[61]
55 Low Wall[62]
56 Walton[63]
57 Cambeckhill[64]
58 Newtown[65]
59 Old Wall[66]
60 High Strand[67]
61 Wallhead[68]
62 Walby East[69]
63 Walby West[70]
64 Drawdykes[71]
65 Tarraby[72]
66 Stanwix Bank[73]
67 Stainton[74]
68 Boomby Gill[75]
69 Sourmilk Bridge[76]
70 Braelees[77]
71 Wormanby[78]
72 Fauld Farm[79]
73 Dykesfield[80]
74 Burgh Marsh[81]
75 Easton[82]
76 Drumburgh[83]
77 Raven Bank[84]
78 Kirkland[85]
79 Solway House[86]
80 (Unnamed)[87]

References

  1. ^ "RISEHOW TOWER 25B". Pastscape. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  2. ^ Stephen Johnson (2004) Hadrian's Wall, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc, 128 pages, ISBN 0-7134-8840-9
  3. ^ Birley, E. (1961) Research on Hadrian’s Wall, Titus Wilson & Son (Kendal)
  4. ^ a b c Breeze, David J (1934), Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition – Nov 2006), Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 12, ISBN 0901082651
  5. ^ Hill, Peter (2001) ‘Hadrian’s Wall from MC0 to MC9, Archaeologia Aeliana series 5, Volume 29, The Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne doi:10.5284/1061058
  6. ^ Stephen Johnson (2004) Hadrian's Wall, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc, 128 pages, ISBN 0-7134-8840-9 pp 31–32
  7. ^ a b c d e f Wilmot, Tony (1 October 2009), Hadrian's Wall: Archaeological Research by English Heritage 1976–2000, Frank Graham, pp. 137–138, ISBN 978-1-905624-71-3
  8. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060287 (Milecastle 1 (Stott's Pow))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  9. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060277 (Milecastle 2 (Walker))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  10. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060312 (Milecastle 3 (Ouseburn))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  11. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060316 (Milecastle 4 (Westgate Road))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  12. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060354 (Milecastle 5 (Quarry House))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  13. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060357 (Milecastle 6 (Benwell Grove))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  14. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060352 (Milecastle 7 (Benwell Bank))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  15. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060349 (Milecastle 8 (West Denton))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  16. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060373 (Milecastle 9 (Chapel House))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  17. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060378 (Milecastle 10 (Walbottle Dene))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  18. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060371 (Milecastle 11 (Throckley Bank Top))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  19. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060410 (Milecastle 12 (Heddon))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  20. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060405 (Milecastle 13 (Rudchester Burn))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  21. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060404 (Milecastle 14 (March Burn))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  22. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060427 (Milecastle 15 (Whitchester))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  23. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060428 (Milecastle 16 (Harlow Hill))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  24. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060425 (Milecastle 17 (Welton))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  25. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060420 (Milecastle 18 (East Wallhouses))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  26. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060221 (Milecastle 19 (Matfen Piers))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  27. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060224 (Milecastle 20 (Halton Shields))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  28. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060215 (Milecastle 21 (Down Hill))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  29. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060252 (Milecastle 22 (Portgate))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  30. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060249 (Milecastle 23 (Stanley))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  31. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060246 (Milecastle 24 (Wall Fell))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  32. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060295 (Milecastle 25 (Codlawhill))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  33. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060294 (Milecastle 26 (Planetrees))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  34. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060297 (Milecastle 27 (Low Brunton))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  35. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060292 (Milecastle 28 (Walwick))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  36. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060332 (Milecastle 29 (Tower Tye))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  37. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060333 (Milecastle 30 (Limestone Corner))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  38. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060326 (Milecastle 31 (Carrowburgh))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  39. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060269 (Milecastle 32 (Carraw))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  40. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060272 (Milecastle 33 (Shield-on-the-Wall))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  41. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060271 (Milecastle 34 (Grindon))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  42. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060231 (Milecastle 35 (Sewingshields))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  43. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060232 (Milecastle 36 (King's Hill))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  44. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 893595278 (Milecastle 37 (Housesteads))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  45. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060234 (Milecastle 38 (Hotbank))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  46. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060395 (Milecastle 39 (Castle Nick))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  47. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060399 (Milecastle 40 (Winshields))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  48. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060392 (Milecastle 41 (Melkridge))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  49. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060363 (Milecastle 42 (Cawfields))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  50. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060368 (Milecastle 43)". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  51. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060361 (Milecastle 44 (Allolee))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  52. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060347 (Milecastle 45 (Walltown))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  53. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060342 (Milecastle 46 (Carvoran))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  54. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060341 (Milecastle 47 (Chapel House))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  55. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060302 (Milecastle 48 (Poltross Burn))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  56. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060303 (Milecastle 49 (Harrow's Scar))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  57. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060310 (Milecastle 50 (Turf Wall) (High House))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  58. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060283 (Milecastle 51 (Wall Bowers))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  59. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060278 (Milecastle 52 (Bankshead))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  60. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060243 (Milecastle 53 (Banks Burn))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  61. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060240 (Milecastle 54 (Randylands))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  62. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060237 (Milecastle 55 (Low Wall))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  63. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060244 (Milecastle 56 (Walton))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  64. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060258 (Milecastle 57 (Cambeckhill))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  65. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060265 (Milecastle 58 (Newtown))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  66. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060256 (Milecastle 59 (Old Wall))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  67. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060290 (Milecastle 60 (High Strand))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  68. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060328 (Milecastle 61 (Wallhead))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  69. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060389 (Milecastle 62 (Walby East))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  70. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060432 (Milecastle 63 (Walby West))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  71. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060433 (Milecastle 64 (Drawdykes))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  72. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060434 (Milecastle 65 (Tarraby))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  73. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060430 (Milecastle 66 (Stanwix Bank))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  74. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060218 (Milecastle 67 (Stainton))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  75. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060217 (Milecastle 68 (Boomby Gill))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  76. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060415 (Milecastle 69 (Sourmilk Bridge))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  77. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060327 (Milecastle 70 (Braelees))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  78. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060386 (Milecastle 71 (Wormanby))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  79. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060383 (Milecastle 72 (Fauld Farm))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  80. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060416 (Milecastle 73 (Dykesfield))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  81. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060419 (Milecastle 74 (Burgh Marsh))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  82. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060414 (Milecastle 75 (Easton))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  83. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060411 (Milecastle 76 (Drumburgh))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  84. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060324 (Milecastle 77 (Raven Bank))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  85. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060320 (Milecastle 78 (Kirkland))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  86. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060319 (Milecastle 79 (Solway House))". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  87. ^ Vanderbilt, S. "Places: 967060359 (Milecastle 80)". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
Look up milecastle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Media related to Milecastles of Hadrian's Wall at Wikimedia Commons

Read other articles:

Reformasi Radikal

Bagian dari seriReformasi ProtestanSembilan Puluh Lima Dalil Perintis Pierre Vaudès dan Kaum Waldensian John Wycliffe dan golongan Kaum Lollardi Jan Hus dan kaum Husite Girolamo Savonarola dan Kaum Piagnoni Arnaldo da Brescia dan Kaum Arnoldis Gottschalk dari Orbais Ratramnus Klaudius dari Turin Berengarius dari Tours dan Kaum Berengarian Wessel Gansfort Johann Ruchrat von Wesel Johannes von Goch Kaum Sahabat Allah Kaum Pataria Awal Mula Sembilan Puluh Lima Dalil Rapat Negara di Worms Alkita...

 

Холокост на Украине

Часть серии статей о Холокосте Идеология и политика Расовая гигиена · Расовый антисемитизм · Нацистская расовая политика · Нюрнбергские расовые законы Шоа Лагеря смерти Белжец · Дахау · Майданек · Малый Тростенец · Маутхаузен ·&...

 

Latvijas Krājbanka

Company based in Riga, Latvia This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2011) Latvijas KrājbankaCompany typeJoint stock companyTraded asNasdaq Baltic: LKB1R Nasdaq Baltic: LKB2RIndustryBankingPredecessorLatvian Postal Savings BankFounded1924FateIn liquidationHeadquartersRiga, LatviaNumber of locations155 service centres[1]Area servedLatviaKey peopleRaimondas Baranauskas (Chairman)[...

Eugeniusz Czykwin

Polish politician (born 1949) Eugeniusz CzykwinMember of the SejmIn office25 November 1991 – 31 May 1993Constituency25 – BiałystokIn office19 October 2001 – 11 November 2015In office12 November 2019 – 12 November 2023Constituency24 – Białystok Personal detailsBorn1949NationalityPolishPolitical partyDemocratic Left Alliance Eugeniusz Czykwin (Belarusian: Яўген Чыквін, born 12 September 1949 in Orla) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sej...

 

Robert Schenkkan

Robert SchenkkanSchenkkan in 2016LahirRobert Frederic Schenkkan, Jr.19 Maret 1953 (umur 71)Chapel Hill, North Carolina, ASPekerjaanPengarang drama, penulis naskah, pemeranAlma materUniversitas TexasUniversitas CornellPasanganMary Anne Dorward (1984-1999; 2 anak)Maria Dahvana Headley (2004-2012)Berkaitan denganBenjamin McKenzie (keponakan)InformasiKarya pertamaG. R. Point (1979)Heaven on Earth (1989)Karya terbaikThe Kentucky CyclePenghargaanPulitzer Prize for Drama (1992) Robert Fred...

 

Emirati Americans

Emirati Americansالأميركيين الإماراتيينEmirati astronaut Sultan Al Neyadi presents a gift to NASA astronauts.Total population18,046[1]Regions with significant populations United States of America ·  United Arab EmiratesLanguagesAmerican English · Emirati ArabicReligionSunni Islam, Shia IslamRelated ethnic groupsArab Americans, Americans, Emiratis Emirati Americans (Standard Arabic: الأميركيون الإماراتيون; ...

Золотой век Грузии

История Грузииსაქართველოს ისტორია Доисторическая Грузия Шулавери-шомутепинская культураКуро-араксская культураТриалетская культураКолхидская культураКобанская культураДиаухиМушки Древняя история КолхидаАриан-КартлиИберийское царство ФарнавазидыГруз�...

 

Caleb Walton West

American judge (1844–1909) Caleb Walton West13th Governor of Utah TerritoryIn officeMay 12, 1886 – May 6, 1889PresidentGrover ClevelandPreceded byEli Houston MurraySucceeded byArthur Lloyd Thomas15th Governor of Utah TerritoryIn officeMay 9, 1893 – January 4, 1896PresidentGrover ClevelandPreceded byArthur Lloyd ThomasSucceeded byHeber Manning Wellsas state Governor Personal detailsBorn(1844-05-25)May 25, 1844Cynthiana, KentuckyDiedJanuary 25, 1909(1909-01-25) (aged...

 

Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks (Spanish: Confederación Española de Cajas de Ahorros (CECA)) is the repr...

Rio Uchida

Rio Uchidaoleh Dick Thomas Johnson, 2019Lahir27 September 1991 (umur 32)Hachiōji, Tokyo, JepangKebangsaanJepangPekerjaan Idola gravure Aktris Tahun aktif2010 - sekarang Rio Uchida (内田 理央code: ja is deprecated , Uchida Rio, lahir 27 September 1991) adalah seorang idola gravure dan aktris Jepang yang berafiliasi dengan LesPros Entertainment.[1][2] Ia dikenal karena perannya sebagai Kiriko Shijima, pemeran utama serial Kamen Rider Kamen Rider Drive.[3]...

 

Contea di San Saba

Contea di San SabaconteaContea di San Saba – VedutaTribunale della contea LocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Texas AmministrazioneCapoluogoSan Saba Data di istituzione1856 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo31°09′36″N 98°48′36″W / 31.16°N 98.81°W31.16; -98.81 (Contea di San Saba)Coordinate: 31°09′36″N 98°48′36″W / 31.16°N 98.81°W31.16; -98.81 (Contea di San Saba) Superficie2 948 km² Abitanti6 131 ...

 

Stones Town

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Stones Town – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Place in Western Area, Sierra LeoneStones Town, Sierra LeoneStones Town, Sierra LeoneLocation in Sierra LeoneCoordinates: 8°20′N 13°04′W / 8.3...

SDN Cipinang 04 Petang

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. SDN Cipinang 04 PetangSekolah Dasar Negeri Cipinang 04 PetangInformasiJenisNegeriNomor Statistik Sekolah101016402044Nomor Pokok Sekolah Nasional20104336Jumlah siswa358 2010StatusAktifAlamatLokasiJln. Cipinang Timur III / 3, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jaka...

 

2021 Women's International Champions Cup

2021 Women's International Champions CupTournament detailsHost countryUnited StatesDatesAugust 18–21Teams4 (from 2 confederations)Venue(s)1 (in 1 host city)Final positionsChampions Portland Thorns FCRunners-up LyonThird place BarcelonaFourth place Houston DashTournament statisticsMatches played4Goals scored15 (3.75 per match)← 2019 2022 → International football competition The 2021 Women's International Champions Cup was a friendly tournament of women's asso...

 

1956 Poznań protests

Protest against communist Polish government Poznań JunePart of the Cold WarThe sign reads We demand bread!Date28–30 June 1956 (1956-06-28 – 1956-06-30)LocationPoznań, Polish People's RepublicResult Protests suppressedBelligerents Protesters Polish People's ArmyInternal Security CorpsSłużba BezpieczeństwaStrength 100,000[1] 10,000390 tanks[1]Casualties and losses 57–100 killed600 wounded[2] 8 killed[3] The 1956 Poznań protests, al...

Allied invasion of Italy

1943 military campaign of World War II resulting in the fall of Fascist Italy For the 1943 invasion of Sicily, see Allied invasion of Sicily. Invasion of ItalyPart of the Italian campaign of World War IITroops and vehicles being landed under shell fire during the invasion of mainland Italy at Salerno, September 1943.Date3–17[citation needed] September 1943LocationSalerno, Calabria and Taranto, ItalyResult Allied victory Surrender of Italy to the Allies resulting in the German occupa...

 

毎日新聞

この項目では、1943年に『東京日日新聞』と『大阪毎日新聞』を統合する形で創刊された日本の新聞について説明しています。その他の用法については「毎日新聞 (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字（CJK統合漢字拡張B）が含まれています（詳細）。 毎日新聞MAINICHIThe Mainichi Shimbun 東京日日新聞創刊号1872...

 

Cairan sperma ikan

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang bagian ikan yang terkadang disebut sebagai telur. Untuk telur sebenarnya, lihat Telur ikan. Pengumpulan air sperma (pengurutan) salmon Chinook di tempat penetasan USFWS Cairan sperma ikan atau air sperma (bahasa Inggris: milt) adalah mani pada ikan yang bereproduksi dengan cara menyemprotkan cairan yang berisi sperma ini ke telur ikan. Cairan seperti ini juga ditemui pada beberapa moluska dan hewan air lainnya. Sebagai makanan Ikan hilsa, termasuk telur ...

سفينة نوح (فيلم 1999)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع سفينة نوح (توضيح). سفينة نوحNoah's Ark (بالإنجليزية)El arca de Noé (بالإسبانية)[1] سفينة نوح غطاءمعلومات عامةالتصنيف مسلسل قصير — فيلم تلفزيوني الصنف الفني فيلم دراما — فيلم رومانسي تاريخ الصدور مايو 2, 1999 - مايو 3, 1999مدة العرض 178 دقائقاللغة الأصلية اللغة الإ...

 

Anfinn Kallsberg

Faroese politician (1947–2024) Anfinn KallsbergPrime Minister of the Faroe IslandsIn office15 May 1998 – 3 February 2004Preceded byEdmund JoensenSucceeded byJóannes Eidesgaard Personal detailsBorn(1947-11-19)19 November 1947Klaksvík, Faroe Islands, Kingdom of DenmarkDied20 February 2024(2024-02-20) (aged 76)Political partyPeople's Party Anfinn Kallsberg (19 November 1947 – 20 February 2024) was a Faroese politician who was prime minister and leader of the People's Party ...