Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov

Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov
Граф Михаи́л Никола́евич Муравьёв


Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 1897–1900
Monarch	Nicholas II
Preceded by	Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky
Succeeded by	Vladimir Lamsdorf

Count Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov (Russian: Граф Михаи́л Никола́евич Муравьёв) (April 19 [O.S. April 7] 1845, Saint Petersburg – June 21 [O.S. June 8] 1900) was a Russian statesman who advocated transferring the attention of Russian foreign policy from Europe to the Far East. He is probably best remembered for having initiated the Hague Peace Conference.

Life and career

Mikhail Muravyov was the son of General Count Nicholas Muravyov (governor of Grodno), and grandson of Count Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov-Vilensky, who became notorious for his drastic measures in stamping out the Polish insurrection of 1863 in the Lithuanian provinces. He was educated at a secondary school at Poltava, and was for a short time at Heidelberg University.

In 1864, he entered the chancellery of the minister of foreign affairs at St.Petersburg, and was soon afterwards attached to the Russian legation at Stuttgart, where he attracted the notice of Queen Olga of Württemberg. He was transferred to Berlin, then to Stockholm, and back again to Berlin. In 1877, he was second secretary at The Hague. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, he was a delegate of the Red Cross Society in charge of an ambulance train provided by Queen Olga of Württemberg.

After the war, he was successively first secretary in Paris, chancellor of the embassy in Berlin, and then minister in Copenhagen. In Denmark, he was brought much into contact with the imperial family, and, on the death of Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky in 1896, he was appointed by Tsar Nicholas II to be his minister of foreign affairs.

The next three and a half years were a critical time for European diplomacy. The revolt of Crete against Ottoman rule and events leading to the Boxer Rebellion in China were disturbing factors. Count Muravyov's policy regarding Crete was vacillating; in China, his hands were forced by Germany's action at Kiaochow. He misled Britain concerning the Russian leases of Port Arthur and Talienwan from China; he told the British ambassador that these would be open ports, and afterwards significantly modified this pledge.

When Tsar Nicholas II inaugurated the Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899, Count Muravyov extricated his country from a situation of some embarrassment in China; but when, subsequently, Russian agents in Manchuria and Peking connived at the agitation which culminated in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, relations between Muravyov and the tsar became strained. Muravyov died suddenly on June 21, 1900, after a stormy interview with Sergei Witte and Aleksey Kuropatkin in which Witte laid considerable blame on Muravyov for the crisis in China (Muravyov had insisted on taking Port Arthur against Witte's advice); because there was a wound on his left temple when he died, there was a rumor that he had committed suicide, but "the official government announcement asserted that, after rising late, he had merely slipped in his study and grazed his temple on the sharp side of a bureau."^[1]

He was awarded Order of the White Eagle and a number of other decorations.^[2]

Notes

^ Ian Nish, The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War (Longman, 1985; ISBN 0582491142), p. 73.
^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 631.

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Muraviev, Michael Nikolaievich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 31.

Political offices
Preceded by Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky	Foreign Minister of Russia 1897–1900	Succeeded by Vladimir Lamsdorf

v t e Foreign ministers of Russia and the Soviet Union
Tsardom of Russia	Ivan Viskovatyi Vasily and Andrey Shchelkalov Ivan Gramotin Pyotr Tretyakov Almaz Ivanov Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin Artamon Matveyev Larion Ivanov Vasily Golitsyn Yemelyan Ukraintsev Lev Naryshkin Fyodor Golovin Peter Shafirov
Russian Empire	Gavrila Golovkin Andrey Osterman Aleksey Tcherkassky Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin Mikhailo Vorontsov Nikita Ivanovich Panin Ivan Osterman Alexander Bezborodko Fyodor Rostopchin Nikita Petrovich Panin Viktor Kochubey Alexander Vorontsov Adam Jerzy Czartoryski Andreas Eberhard von Budberg Nikolay Rumyantsev Ioannis Kapodistrias Karl Robert Nesselrode Alexander Gorchakov Nikolay Girs Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky Nikolay Shishkin Mikhail Muravyov Vladimir Lamsdorf Alexander Izvolsky Sergey Sazonov Boris Shturmer Nikolai Pokrovsky
Provisional Government	Pavel Milyukov Mikhail Tereshchenko
Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union	Leon Trotsky Georgy Chicherin Maxim Litvinov Vyacheslav Molotov Andrey Vyshinsky Dmitri Shepilov Andrei Gromyko Eduard Shevardnadze Aleksandr Bessmertnykh Boris Pankin Eduard Shevardnadze
Russian Federation	Andrei Kozyrev Yevgeny Primakov Igor Ivanov Sergey Lavrov

Read other articles:

George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend

British soldier and politician (1724–1807) The Most HonorableThe Marquess TownshendPCPortrait by George RomneyBorn28 February 1724London, EnglandDied14 September 1807 (aged 83)Raynham Hall, NorfolkAllegiance Kingdom of Great BritainService/branch British ArmyYears of service1743–1796RankField MarshalBattles/warsWar of the Austrian SuccessionJacobite RisingSeven Years' War Field Marshal George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, PC (28 February 1724 – 14 Septem...

Chiclayo

ChiclayoPlaza de Armas of Chiclayo BenderaLambang kebesaranJulukan: City of FriendshipCountry PeruRegionLambayeque RegionProvinceChiclayo ProvinceSettled1835Pemerintahan • MayorRoberto Torres GonzalesLuas • Kota6,211 km2 (2,398 sq mi)Ketinggian27 m (89 ft)Populasi (2009) • Perkotaan738.000 • Metropolitan972.713Zona waktuUTC-5 (PET)ZIP code(s)14000-14013Kode area telepon74Situs webwww.gobiernochiclayo.gob.p...

Terminal Kamal

Terminal KamalSub Terminal Penumpang Tipe CKantor Terminal KamalLokasiJalan Raya Kamal, Dusun St. Kamal, Desa Kamal, Kecamatan Kamal, Kabupaten Bangkalan, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Kodepos 69162 IndonesiaKoordinat7°10′22″S 112°43′21″E / 7.1726970°S 112.7224265°E / -7.1726970; 112.7224265Koordinat: 7°10′22″S 112°43′21″E / 7.1726970°S 112.7224265°E / -7.1726970; 112.7224265Pemilik Pemerintah Kabupaten BangkalanOperator Dina...

Biodiesel

Bus yang menggunakan biodiesel kedelai. Mercedes diesel yang lebih lama populer untuk digunakan pada biodiesel Di beberapa negara biodiesel lebih murah daripada diesel konvensional Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar yang terdiri dari campuran mono--alkyl ester dari rantai panjang asam lemak, yang dipakai sebagai alternatif bagi bahan bakar dari mesin diesel dan terbuat dari sumber terbarui seperti minyak hewan, minyak kedelai, minyak kanola, minyak kelapa sawit, jarak, kemiri, tanaman lignoselul...

Tamatama

This article is about the 2011 film. For the Pokémon, see List of Pokémon (102–151) § Exeggcute. For the song, see Mory Kanté. 2011 Japanese filmTamatama（たまたま）Film posterDirected byMayumi KomatsuWritten byMayumi KomatsuStarringYū AoiRelease date October 15, 2011 (2011-10-15)[1] Running time53 minutesCountryJapanLanguageJapanese Tamatama (たまたま, Chance)[1] is a 2011 Japanese film, a drama directed by Mayumi Komatsu.[2][3...

Bureautique

La bureautique est l'ensemble des techniques et des moyens tendant à automatiser les activités de bureau et, principalement, le traitement et la communication de la parole, de l'écrit et de l'image. Histoire Le mot « Bureautique » a été proposé pour la première fois en 1976 à Grenoble par un groupe de chercheurs dont Louis Naugès était un des animateurs. Le problème était de traduire les mots anglais « office automation ». On avait hésité entre « bu...

Bohutice

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité tchèque. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. La mise en forme de cet article est à améliorer (juin 2020). La mise en forme du texte ne suit pas les recommandations de Wikipédia : il faut le « wikifier ». Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez...

Вождение козы

М. Андриолли. Вождение козы в барском имении. Западная Белоруссия, XIX век Украинские персонажи обряда. 1926 год Вождение козы (хождение с козой, польск. Chodzenie z kozą[1]) славянский обряд вождения ряженого козой, исполняемый на Святки (чаще в Щедрый вечер) или на Масленицу (Мяс�...

Xiomara Castro

President of Honduras since 2022 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Castro and the second or maternal family name is Sarmiento. Her ExcellencyXiomara CastroCastro in 202356th President of HondurasIncumbentAssumed office 27 January 2022Vice PresidentSalvador Nasralla (until 2024)Doris GutiérrezRenato FlorentinoPreceded byJuan Orlando HernándezMember of the National Popular Resistance FrontIn office28 June 2009 – 26 June 2011Preceded byFront establis...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。概要壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字）弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字）漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

Masjid Agung Natuna

Masjid Agung NatunaAgamaAfiliasiIslamLokasiLokasiKabupaten Natuna, Kepulauan Riau, IndonesiaArsitekturTipeMasjidPeletakan batu pertama2007Rampung2009 Masjid Agung Natuna merupakan sebuah masjid yang terletak di Kabupaten Natuna, Indonesia. Masjid ini dibangun pada tahun 2007 dan selesai pada tahun 2009. Masjid ini merupakan bagian dari kompleks Gerbang Utaraku, kawasan yang dipersiapkan sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan bisnis Natuna di wilayah Ranai yang menjadi ibu kota Kabupaten Natuna, tidak...

Россотрудничество

Федеральное агентство по делам Содружества Независимых Государств, соотечественников, проживающих за рубежом, и по международному гуманитарному сотрудничествусокращённо: Россотрудничество Общая информация Страна Россия Юрисдикция Россия Дата создания 6 сентября...

الرويلية الصهلوج

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أبريل 2019) الرويلية الصهلوج المؤسس الشيخ: مطر عبدالرحمن القوس تقسيم إداري البلد السعودية المنطقة منطقة مكة المكر...

Fairoaks Airport

Airport in Chobham, SurreyFairoaks AirportFairoaks Control Tower in 2006IATA: noneICAO: EGTFSummaryAirport typePrivate-owned, Public-useOwnerAlbemarle Fairoaks Airport Ltd. and Airport Development PartnersOperatorFairoaks Operations Ltd.ServesWokingLocationChobham, SurreyElevation AMSL80 ft / 24 mCoordinates51°20′53″N 000°33′31″W / 51.34806°N 0.55861°W / 51.34806; -0.55861MapEGTFLocation in SurreyRunways Direction Length Surface m ft 06/24 8...

Outremangeurs Anonymes

Outremangeurs anonymesHistoireFondation 1960CadreSigle OAType Groupe de paroleDomaine d'activité Programme des 12 étapesPays États-UnisOrganisationSite web oa.orgmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Outremangeurs anonymes (OA) est une association d'hommes et de femmes qui partagent leur expérience personnelle, leur force et leur espoir dans le but de se rétablir de la compulsion alimentaire (besoin pressant et irrésistible de manger de façon déraisonnable)[1]. OA accu...

2006–07 Tennessee Volunteers basketball team

American college basketball season 2006–07 Tennessee Volunteers basketballNCAA tournament, Sweet SixteenConferenceSoutheastern ConferenceDivisionEastRankingCoachesNo. 18APNo. 25Record24–11 (10–6 SEC)Head coachBruce Pearl (2nd season)Assistant coaches Tony Jones Steve Forbes Jason Shay Home arenaThompson–Boling ArenaSeasons← 2005–062007–08 → 2006–07 Southeastern Conference men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W L ...

Nippy Jones

American baseball player (1925-1995) Baseball player Nippy JonesFirst basemanBorn: (1925-06-29)June 29, 1925Los Angeles, California, U.S.Died: October 3, 1995(1995-10-03) (aged 70)Sacramento, California, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutJune 8, 1946, for the St. Louis CardinalsLast MLB appearanceSeptember 29, 1957, for the Milwaukee BravesMLB statisticsBatting average.267Home runs25Runs batted in209 Teams St. Louis Cardinals (1946–1951) Philadelphia P...

Solar irradiance

Measurement of electromagnetic radiation Insolation redirects here. Not to be confused with insulation. Global distribution of incoming shortwave solar radiation averaged over the years 1981–2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set[1] The shield effect of Earth's atmosphere on solar irradiation. The top image is the annual mean solar irradiation (or insolation) at the top of Earth's atmosphere (TOA); the bottom image shows the annual insolation reaching the Earth's surface after passi...

Mesin V8

Artikel ini bukan mengenai V8 (mesin JavaScript). Mesin pesawat Liberty V8 menunjukan konfigurasi mesin V8 dengan jelas Blok mesin V8 dari pabrikan American Motors yang menunjukkan 4 silinder tiap sisinya. Mesin V8 adalah sebuah Mesin V dengan delapan silindernya dipasang di bak mesin dengan 2 cabang dan masing-masing cabangnya terdiri dari 4 silinder. Antar cabang ini dipasang membentuk sudut istimewa satu sama lain tetapi kadang dipasang dengan sudut lebih lancip. Kedelapan pistonnya menjal...

إيان كولينز (تنس)

إيان كولينز معلومات شخصية الميلاد 23 أبريل 1903(1903-04-23)غلاسكو الوفاة 20 مارس 1975 (71 سنة)برزدن الجنسية المملكة المتحدة المدرسة الأم مدرسة هروكلية المجدلية الحياة العملية المهنة لاعب كرة مضرب، ولاعب كريكت الرياضة الكريكت، وكرة المضرب بلد الرياضة الممل�...