Metallurgical coal

Raw coke
Eighteenth-century coke blast furnaces in Shropshire, England

Metallurgical coal or coking coal[1] is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking.[2][3][4] The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies often have a division that produces coal for coking, to ensure a stable and low-cost supply.[5]

Metallurgical coal comes mainly from Canada, the United States, and Australia,[1] with Australia exporting 58% of seaborne trade, mostly going to China.[6] In the United States, the electric power sector used "93% of total U.S. coal consumption between 2007 and 2018"; only 7% of the total was metallurgical coal and coal for other uses such as heating.[7]

Characteristics

Metallurgical coal is low in ash, moisture, sulfur and phosphorus content, and its rank is usually bituminous. Some grades of anthracite coal are used for sintering, pulverized coal injection, direct blast furnace charge, pelletizing, and in production of ferro-alloys, silicon-manganese, calcium-carbide and silicon-carbide. Metallurgical coal produces strong, low-density coke when it is heated in a low-oxygen environment. On heating, the coal softens, and volatile components evaporate and escape through pores in the mass. During coking, the material swells and increases in volume.

The coking ability of coal is related to its physical properties such as its rank, but laboratory testing is required to completely evaluate the coking ability of a coal. The strength and density of coke are particularly important when it is used in a blast furnace, as the coke supports part of the ore and flux burden inside the furnace. Metallurgical coal contrasts with thermal coal, which does not produce coke when heated. Because of their different end-uses, prices for the two types of coal are usually quite different.

The suitability of coal for conversion to coke is also referred to as the caking ability.[8]

Types

There are several types of metallurgical coal:[9][10][11]

  • Hard coking coals (HCC)
  • Medium coking coal (MCC)
  • Semi-soft coking coal (SSCC)
  • Pulverized coal for injection (PCI) coal

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Paula Baker (2013-06-10). "The Coal Facts: thermal coal vs. metallurgical coal". Global News. Archived from the original on 2013-06-13.
  2. ^ "Coking-Steel Production Alternatives".
  3. ^ "How Steel Is Produced". 14 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Coke Production for Blast Furnace Ironmaking". Archived from the original on 2017-02-08. Retrieved 2017-03-05.
  5. ^ Reed Moyer, Competition in the Midwestern Coal Industry, Harvard University Press, 1964 ISBN 0674154002, page 56, pages 85-86
  6. ^ Uren, David (14 September 2021). "China's Ban on Australian Coal Reshapes Key Dry Bulk Market". The Maritime Executive.
  7. ^ "U.S. coal consumption in 2018 expected to be the lowest in 39 years - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
  8. ^ "What is Metallurgical Coal".
  9. ^ Bell, Terence (2017-05-05). "How Is Metallurgical Coal—Coking Coal—Used?". The Balance.
  10. ^ Satyendra Kumar Sarna (2018-09-25). "Metallurgical Coal". IspatGuru. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
  11. ^ "Different types of Coal". underground COAL. Retrieved 2019-10-05.
Stub icon

This geology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level

List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level. List based on Fearon's analysis This article contains lists of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level. Methodology The lists are commonly used in economics literature to compare the levels of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries.[1][2] Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the...

 

 

Old Glory (film)

1939 animated short film directed by Chuck Jones Old GloryDirected byCharles JonesProduced byLeon SchlesingerMusic byCarl W. StallingAnimation byRobert McKimsonColor processTechnicolorProductioncompanyLeon Schlesinger ProductionsDistributed byWarner Bros. PicturesRelease dates July 1, 1939 (1939-07-01) (original) August 25, 1945 (1945-08-25) (1st “Blue Ribbon reissue”) September 12, 1953 (2nd “Blue Ribbon reissue”)Running time9:03LanguageEnglish O...

 

 

Maurizio Cucchi

Maurizio Cucchi (al microfono) durante un evento alla Casa della poesia di Milano, il 28 febbraio 2013[1] con Menotti Lerro, Giuliana Nuvoli e Amos Mattio. Maurizio Cucchi (Milano, 20 settembre 1945) è un poeta, critico letterario, traduttore e pubblicista italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Stile e poetica 3 Opere 3.1 Poesia 3.2 Narrativa 3.3 Saggistica 3.4 Traduzioni 3.5 Curatele 3.6 Altro 4 Premi e riconoscimenti 5 Note 6 Bibliografia 7 Voci correlate 8 Altri progetti 9 Collegamenti es...

List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Japanese books)

Japanese writings This article is about Japanese book National Treasures. For a list of Chinese book National Treasures, see List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Classical Chinese books). For a list of other national treasure writings including Buddhist texts and exemplary calligraphy, see List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: others). Part of the oldest extant complete manuscript of the Kokin Wakashū poetry anthology The term National Treasure has been used in Japan to de...

 

 

2018 في الهند

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يناير 2019) 2018 في الهندمعلومات عامةالسنة 2018 2017 في الهند 2019 in India (en) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات سنوات 2016: 2017: 2...

 

 

Jorge Cardiel

Questa voce sull'argomento cestisti messicani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Jorge Cardiel Nazionalità  Messico Pallacanestro Carriera Nazionale 1948-1952 Messico Il simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale José Jorge Cardiel Gaytán, noto anche con lo pseudonimo di Pambazo (Città del Messico, 23 aprile 1924 – ...), è ...

Evolutionary anthropology

Interdisciplinary study For the journal, see Evolutionary Anthropology (journal). Part of a series onEvolutionary biologyDarwin's finches by John Gould Index Introduction Main Outline Glossary Evidence History Processes and outcomes Population genetics Variation Diversity Mutation Natural selection Adaptation Polymorphism Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Co-operation Coevolution Coextinction Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction Natural history Origin of li...

 

 

List of UEFA Cup Winners' Cup finals

Football tournamentList of UEFA Cup Winners' Cup finalsFounded1960Abolished1999RegionEurope (UEFA)Number of teams32 (first round)2 (finalists)Last champions Lazio(1st title)Most successful team(s) Barcelona(4 titles) The UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (called European Cup Winners' Cup prior to 1994–95) was a seasonal association football competition contested between member associations of European football's governing body, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). It was open to win...

 

 

Family honor

This article is about family honor. For the drama, see The Family Honor. An Indian woman is touching the feet of a man, a tradition to show respect that is embedded in culture. As painted by a west-Indian artist, circa 1530. Family honor (or honour) is an abstract concept involving the perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects the social standing and the self-evaluation of a group of related people, both corporately and individually.[1][2] The family is v...

Філософія

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

 

Dmitri Shostakovich

Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini ditulis atau diterjemahkan secara buruk dari Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Jika halaman ini ditujukan untuk komunitas bahasa Inggris, halaman itu harus dikontribusikan ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris. Lihat daftar bahasa Wikipedia. Artikel yang tidak diterjemahkan dapat dihapus secara cepat sesuai kriteria A2. Jika Anda ingin memeriksa artikel ini, Anda boleh menggunakan mesin penerjemah. Namun ingat, mohon tidak men...

 

 

Dimeria

Genus of grasses Dimeria Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Panicoideae Supertribe: Andropogonodae Tribe: Andropogoneae Subtribe: Ischaeminae Genus: DimeriaR.Br. Type species Dimeria acinaciformisR.Br. Synonyms[1] Didactylon Zoll. & Moritzi Haplachne J.Presl Psilostachys Steud. 1854, illegitimate homonym not Turcz. 1843 (Euphorbiaceae) nor Hochst. 1844 (Amara...

2014 FIFAワールドカップ

2014 FIFAワールドカップ2014 FIFA World CupCopa do Mundo de Futebol FIFA Brasil 2014 優勝したドイツ代表。大会概要開催国 ブラジル日程 2014年6月12日 - 7月13日チーム数 32 （5連盟）開催地数 12 （12都市）大会結果優勝 ドイツ （4回目）準優勝 アルゼンチン3位 オランダ4位 ブラジル大会統計試合数 64試合ゴール数 171点（1試合平均 2.67点）総入場者数 3,429,873人（1試合平均 53,592�...

 

 

Guru Tatea Bulan

Untuk situs budaya di Sianjur Mulamula, lihat Sopo Guru Tatea Bulan. Guru Tatea Bulan adalah salah satu nenek moyang dari marga-marga Batak dan merupakan anak pertama dari Si Raja Batak.[1]Guru Tatea BulanSopo Guru Tatea Bulan di Tapanuli Samosir.Aksara Batakᯎᯮᯒᯮᯖᯖᯩᯀᯅᯮᯞᯉ᯲Nama/penulisanalternatifNaimarataJulukan/nama panggilanOmpu GuruSilsilahJarakgenerasi denganSiraja Batak1Si Raja Batak2Guru Tatea BulanNama istriSi Boru BasoburningNama anak1. Siraja Biakbiak...

 

 

Jacques de Vaucanson

Jacques de Vaucanson Jacques de Vaucanson (Grenoble, 24 febbraio 1709 – Parigi, 21 novembre 1782) è stato un inventore e artista francese, celebre per l'invenzione e costruzione di numerosi complessi automi. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Invenzioni 3 Influenze nella cultura 4 Note 5 Bibliografia 6 Voci correlate 7 Altri progetti 8 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Jacques de Vaucanson nasce a Grenoble il 24 febbraio 1709, figlio di genitori provenienti dalla piccola nobiltà del Delfinato. Nel 1735 si...

Area and population of European countries

Further information: Demographics of Europe This is a list of countries and territories in Europe by population density. Data are from the United Nations unless otherwise specified.[1][2] Abkhazia, Georgia and South Ossetia are each bordered on the north by the Greater Caucasus, and may have some territory north of these mountains and thus in Europe by the most common definition. These three, as well as Armenia and Azerbaijan would have more territory or all of their territor...

 

 

Domestikasi kuda

Kuda Heck Horse yang dipercaya berkerabat dekat secara fonetipe dengan kuda liar pada masa awal domestikasi. Ada banyak hipotesis mengenai sejumlah isu-isu penting tentang dometikasi kuda. Meskipun kuda muncul dalam seni gua Paleolitikum pada 30.000 SM, kuda-kuda tersebut adalah kuda liar dan kemungkinan diburu untuk dimakan. Bagaimana dan kapan kuda mulai didomestikasi masih diperdebatkan. Bukti paling jelas mengenai awal penggunaan kuda sebagai kendaraan berasal dari pemakaman kereta perang...

 

 

Tuscarora language

Extinct language TuscaroraSka꞉rù꞉ręʼ Skarò˙rə̨ˀNative toUnited StatesRegionSix Nations of the Grand River First Nation in southern Ontario, Tuscarora Reservation in northwestern New York, and eastern North CarolinaEthnicity17,000 Tuscarora people (1997)[1]Extinct2 December 2020Language familyIroquoian NorthernTuscarora–NottowayTuscaroraLanguage codesISO 639-3tusGlottologtusc1257ELPTuscaroraPre-contact distribution of TuscaroraTuscarora is classified as Critically En...

قائمة أفضل مئة فيلم في مئوية السينما المصرية

قائمة أفضل مئة فيلم مصريملصق فيلم العزيمة: أفضل فيلم مصري باستفتاء النقادتعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات قائمة أفضل مئة فيلم مصري هي نتيجة استفتاء شارك فيه العديد من النقاد المصريين عام 1996 لاختيار أفضل 100 فيلم مصري في القرن العشرين، ضمن فعاليات مهرجان القاهرة السينم...

 

 

Jim Michalczik

Questa voce è orfana, ovvero priva di collegamenti in entrata da altre voci. Inseriscine almeno uno pertinente e utile e rimuovi l'avviso. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento giocatori di football americano statunitensi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Jim MichalczikNazionalità Stati Uniti Football americano RuoloNessuno SquadraNes...