Melksham Without

Melksham Without
Church and primary school at Shaw
Melksham Without is located in Wiltshire
Melksham Without
Melksham Without
Location within Wiltshire
Population7,230 (in 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceST9265
Civil parish
  • Melksham Without
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMelksham
Postcode districtSN12
Dialling code01225
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
Websitewww.melkshamwithout-pc.gov.uk Edit this at Wikidata
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°23′N 2°07′W / 51.38°N 2.11°W / 51.38; -2.11
Melksham Without parish council logo on a bus stop near Berryfield

Melksham Without is a civil parish in the county of Wiltshire, England. It surrounds, but does not include, the town of Melksham and is the largest rural parish in Wiltshire, with a population of 7,230 (as of 2011)[1] and an area of 29 square kilometres (7,200 acres). The parish includes the villages of Beanacre, Berryfield, Shaw and Whitley, and the hamlets of Outmarsh and Redstocks. It also includes the outer Melksham suburbs of Bowerhill and The Spa, and the dispersed settlement of Sandridge which includes Sandridge Common.

The northern boundary of the parish is the Roman road from Silchester to Bath; downstream from Melksham the Bristol Avon forms the southwestern boundary, and parts of the southern boundary are the Semington Brook and the Kennet and Avon Canal.

History

The Local Government Act of 1894 created the parish of Melksham Without, dividing the ancient parish of Melksham into an urban area (Melksham Within) and a rural area (Melksham Without).[2] The latter consists of the ancient settlements of Beanacre, Shaw and Whitley, surrounding Melksham Within on all sides except the west. Until the 17th century, the area to the east was royal forest, and this part is lightly populated and agricultural. To the south the land was similarly rural but was used for military purposes in the mid-20th century, with RAF Melksham based at Bowerhill, and this area now consists of light industry and housing estates. There is another housing estate separate from the town at Berryfield, to the south.[3]

Governance

The civil parish elects a parish council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which performs most local government functions. Unusually, the parish shares some land in common with the parish of Broughton Gifford, namely farmland to the north of Holbrook Farm, bounded to the west by the Avon.[4][5]

The parish spans three electoral divisions. The north of the parish is part of Melksham Without North and Shurnold division, while the east and south are part of Bowerhill division; both divisions also extend to parts of Melksham town. In the south-west, Berryfield is part of the Melksham Without West and Rural division.[6] Each division elects one member of Wiltshire Council.[7]

For Westminster elections, the parish is part of the Melksham and Devizes constituency.[6]

Notable buildings

The parish has one Grade I listed building: Beanacre Old Manor, west of what is now the A350, has a timber-framed hall from the late 14th century, with many additions and alterations in later centuries.[8] Close by to the south-west is Beanacre Manor, from c.1595 with a 17th-century dairy, Grade II* listed.[9]

Two further buildings are listed Grade II*: Woolmore Manor, built in 1631 and now on the south-east edge of Melksham, near modern Bowerhill;[10] and Christ Church, Shaw, designed in 1905 in Arts and Crafts Gothic style by C.E. Ponting.[11]

Transport

A packhorse bridge dating from 1725 spans the River Avon, providing a route (now a public footpath) to Broughton Gifford.[12]

The Kennet and Avon Canal was built in the south of the parish by 1804 and fully opened in 1810. In the same year the Wilts & Berks Canal opened, having been built through the parish from its connection with the K&A near Semington. After passing through the eastern side of Melksham town the canal continued north through the parish towards Chippenham, Swindon and Abingdon. Both canals fell into decline following the arrival of the railways in the 1840s, and the closure of the Somerset Coal Canal (which provided much of their traffic) in 1904.[13]

In 1848 the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway company built their line through the parish, to link the Swindon-Bath line (near Chippenham) with Westbury via Melksham and Trowbridge; the line was handed over to the Great Western Railway in 1850 and is still in use. From 1905 to 1955 there was a small station, Beanacre Halt, near Beanacre on the road towards Whitley.[14] The Devizes Branch Line was completed in 1857 and also taken over by the GWR, but closed in 1966. It connected with the main line near Holt and passed near Outmarsh, where there was a station, Semington Halt.[15]

Today the Kennet and Avon Canal is a well-used recreational waterway, following its restoration in the 1970s and 1980s and formal re-opening in 1990. The Wilts & Berks Canal was abandoned in 1914 and its route south and east of Melksham has been built over; preservation and restoration efforts began in 1977 and in 2012 a planning application was submitted for a new section of canal (called the Melksham Link) to connect the Semington junction, via Berryfield, with the Avon below Melksham.[16]

The A350 primary route runs north–south through the parish on its section from Chippenham to Melksham and passes through Beanacre. South of Melksham, on its way to Westbury, its original route past Berryfield and Outmarsh was replaced in 2004 by the Semington bypass, about 400m to the east.[17] The new route required the construction of an aqueduct to carry the Kennet and Avon Canal, the New Semington Aqueduct. The Hampton Park West industrial area, between the old and new routes, has the headquarters of Avon Rubber and G Plan Upholstery, and a divisional headquarters of Wiltshire Police.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b "Wiltshire Community History - Census". Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Victoria County History - Wiltshire - Vol 7 pp99-121 - Parishes: Melksham". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  3. ^ "Melksham Without". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire County Council. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  4. ^ "Ordnance Survey Boundary Maps of England and Wales – Wiltshire". A Vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. 1931. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Land Common To Melksham Without and Broughton ExP". A Vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Election Maps: Great Britain". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  7. ^ "Your Councillors". Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  8. ^ Historic England. "Beanacre Old Manor (1021755)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  9. ^ Historic England. "Beanacre Manor with Dairy (1364152)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  10. ^ Historic England. "Woolmore Farmhouse, Bowerhill (1021762)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Christ Church (1194686)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  12. ^ Historic England. "Packhorse Bridge, Melksham Without (1251182)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  13. ^ "Kennet & Avon Canal Trust". Kennet and Avon Canal Trust. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
  14. ^ Oakley, Mike (2004). Wiltshire Railway Stations. Wimborne: The Dovecote Press. p. 13. ISBN 1904349331.
  15. ^ "The borough of Devizes: Town, castle and estates". British History Online. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  16. ^ "Plans for Wiltshire town's canal submitted". BBC News - Wiltshire. 12 July 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  17. ^ "Bypass set to open to fanfare of celebrations". Brighton. 26 March 2004. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  18. ^ "Contact Us - Write in". Wiltshire Police. Retrieved 26 December 2015.

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