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Mayan antthrush
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Formicariidae
Genus:	Formicarius
Species:	F. moniliger
Binomial name
	Formicarius moniliger; PL Sclater, 1857

The Mayan antthrush (Formicarius moniliger) is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.^[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

The Mayan antthrush was formally described as a species by the English ornithologist Philip Slater in 1857.^[3] It was later treated by many ornithologists as a subspecies of the black-faced antthrush (Formicarius analis), though some retained it as a species due to significant differences in the two taxa's vocalizations.^[4] By 2021 major taxonomic systems had adopted the split.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^{[excessive citations]}

The Mayan antthrush has three subspecies, the nominate F. m. moniliger (Sclater, PL, 1857), F. m. pallidus (Lawrence, 1882), and F. m. intermedius (Ridgway, 1908).^[2]

Description

The Mayan antthrush is 15 to 19 cm (5.9 to 7.5 in) long and weighs about 56 to 64 g (2.0 to 2.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dusky brown crown. They have a small white spot on their lores and bare bluish skin around their eye. Their face from their bill to their eye is black that extends down to include the chin and throat. The sides of their neck are rufous that continues across under the black throat. Their nape, back, rump, and uppertail coverts are brown with a rufescent tinge on the last. Their flight feathers are brown with dusky inner edges and a wide cinnamon band at the base. Their tail is blackish brown. Their upper breast and most of the rest of their underparts are uniform gray. Their flanks have a brown wash and their undertail coverts are dull brownish. They have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and gray to bluish legs and feet. Subspecies F. m. pallidus is much paler than the nominate though darker than pallidus; its breast is light gray and its mantle is light olive brown. F. m. intermedius is also paler than the nominate, with a mouse gray breast and an umber mantle.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of the Mayan antthrush is found on the Caribbean slope in the southeastern Mexican states of Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Subspecies F. m. pallidus is found from the Yucatan Peninsula into northern Guatemala. F. m. intermedius is found on the Caribbean slope from Belize and eastern Guatemala to central Honduras. The species primarily inhabits humid evergreen, semi-deciduous, and deciduous forest. It also occurs in coffee plantations and mature secondary forest. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about 1,800 m (5,900 ft).^[5]^[9]^[10]^[11]^{[excessive citations]}

Behavior

Movement

The Mayan antthrush is a year-round resident throughout its range.^[9]

Feeding

The Mayan antthrush feeds primarily on a variety of arthropods. It is almost entirely terrestrial. It walks slowly and deliberately with its tail cocked like a little rail.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Breeding

The Mayan antthrush's breeding season has not been detailed but appears to include at least March to May. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology, though it is assumed to be similar to that of its former "parent" black-faced antthrush, which see here.^[9]

Songs and calls

Listen to the Mayan antthrush on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The Mayan antthrush's song "begins with a single introductory whistle followed, after a short pause, by a series of 8–14 whistles at a flat pitch, or alternatively gradually increasing or decreasing in pitch piu...piupiupiupiupiupiupiupiupiu!". There appears to be some regional variation in the song. Both sexes sing, primarily in the morning and late afternoon. The species' call is an "emphatic short tleet!".^[9]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the Mayan antthrush as being of Least Concern. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.^[1] it is considered uncommon to fairly common.^[11] "Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the Mayan Antthrush is among those forest species less likely to move between patches than non-forest species at the same study site, and that pasture gaps of >50 m already prove significant barriers [which] suggests that habitat loss has a negative effect on the species".^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b BirdLife International. (2022). "Mayan Antthrush Formicarius moniliger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T103661247A140074775. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T103661247A140074775.en. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Antthrushes, antpittas, gnateaters, tapaculos, crescentchests". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
^ Sclater, Philip (1857). "Formicarius moniliger, sp. nov". Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. XXIV (319): 294–295. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
^ Howell, Steve N.G. (1994). "The specific status of black-faced antthrushes in Middle America" (PDF). Cotinga. 1: 21–25.
^ ^a ^b Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Kratter, A.W.; Lovette, I.J.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Stotz, D.F.; Winker, K. (2020). "Sixty-first Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk. 137 (ukaa030). doi:10.1093/auk/ukaa030.
^ Gill F, D Donsker and P Rasmussen, P (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v 10.1). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.1
^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB]
^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g van Dort, J., P. F. D. Boesman, and M. A. Patten (2023). Mayan Antthrush (Formicarius moniliger), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bkfant2.02 retrieved August 25, 2024
^ ^a ^b ^c vanPerlo, Ber (2006). Birds of Mexico and Central America. Princeton Illustrated Checklists. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. Plate 61, map 61.14. ISBN 0691120706.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Fagan, Jesse; Komar, Oliver (2016). Field Guide to Birds of Northern Central America. Peterson Field Guides. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-0-544-37326-6.