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Max Wallraf
Max Wallraf
	Max Wallraf, 1924
President of the Reichstag
	In office; 28 May 1924 – 7 January 1925
Preceded by	Paul Löbe
Succeeded by	Paul Löbe
Member of the Reichstag
	In office; 1924–1930
Constituency	Köln-Aachen
Mayor of Cologne
	In office; 1 October 1907 – 8 August 1917
Deputy	Konrad Adenauer
Preceded by	Friedrich Wilhelm von Becker
Succeeded by	Konrad Adenauer
Personal details
Born	Ludwig Theodor Ferdinand Max Wallraf; 18 September 1859; Cologne, Kingdom of Prussia
Died	6 September 1941 (aged 81); Oberstdorf, Germany
Political party	German National People's Party (until 1933); Nazi Party (from 1933)
Occupation	Lawyer; Politician;

Ludwig Theodor Ferdinand Max Wallraf (18 September 1859 – 6 September 1941) was a German politician who served as mayor of Cologne from 1907 to 1917. He was State Minister of the Interior from 1917 to 1918. As a German National People's Party politician, he was a member of the Reichstag from 1924 to 1930 and briefly served as its President in 1924/25.^[1]

Early life and education

Wallraf was born in Cologne. His parents were the lawyer and legal administrator Reiner Ludwig Wallraf (died 1877) and Wilhelmine Wallraf, née Berghaus (died 1906).^[2] He obtained his Abitur at the Apostelgymnasium [de] in 1878, and studied law at the universities of Bonn, Heidelberg and Leipzig from 1878 to 1881. He became a trainee at the Oberlandesgericht Köln court in Cologne in 1881.^[3] In 1885, he was sent to the Regierungsbezirk Oppeln (now Opole) in Upper Silesia. He passed his state examination in Berlin in December 1886.^[4]

Administrative and political career

Wallraf served as a Landrat [de] (supreme district administrator) in the Prussian administration from 1888 to 1898, first for the district of Malmedy, then for the district of Sankt Goar. After serving in the provincial administration of the Rhine Province in Koblenz, he became head of the police in Aachen, where he served from 1900 to 1903.^[1] On 13 July 1907, after lengthy negotiations involving his father-in-law Joseph Pauli, Wallraf was unanimously elected mayor of Cologne, as a Catholic following two Protestant mayors and as a compromise candidate who was acceptable to all factions.^[5] As mayor of Cologne, he also was a member of the Prussian House of Lords.^[6]^[7] He resigned in August 1917 when he was offered the position of state secretary (similar to a minister in other parliamentary systems) in the Ministry of the Interior^[8] and was replaced as mayor by Konrad Adenauer, who had worked as his deputy before^[9] and who was married to Wallraf's niece Emma Weyer.^[10] As State Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of Reich Chancellor Georg von Hertling, Wallraf supported the suppression of the German strike of January 1918.^[11] In addition to his tenure as interior minister (23 October 1917–6 October 1918), Wallraf was minister without portfolio in the state government of Prussia from 7 January to 4 October 1918.^[3]

From 1921 to 1924, Wallraf was a member of the Landtag of Prussia and from 1924 to 1930 of the Reichstag, representing the national-conservative German National People's Party (DNVP).^[1]

Wallraf was elected President of the Reichstag on 28 May 1924,^[12] after the May 1924 German federal election, as the DNVP together with the Agricultural League was the largest parliamentary group.^[13] He was replaced by his predecessor Paul Löbe on 7 January 1925 after the December 1924 German federal election.^[14] During 1924, Wallraf was among those DNVP members who did not oppose the Dawes Plan, which caused a bitter dispute within the DNVP.^[15]

Wallraf became a member of the Nazi Party on 1 May 1933.^[16]

Personal life

Wallraf was married twice. His first marriage was in 1889 to Emma Kesselkaul (22 July 1868 – 29 October 1892), the daughter of a merchant.^[17] Their son Max Wallraf [de] (1891–1972) also studied law and became an administrator.^[3] In 1897, Wallraf got married for a second time, to Anna Pauli (1871–1932), the daughter of landowner and president of the Rhineland Agricultural Society, Joseph Pauli.^[3] They had two sons.^[18]

He died in Oberstdorf in 1941.^[1] A street in the Cologne district of Lindenthal is named after him.^[19]

References

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bundesarchiv 2007.
^ Romeyk 1994, p. 799.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Romeyk 1994, p. 800.
^ Lange 1991, p. 277.
^ Williams 2001, p. 53.
^ Williams 2001, p. 67.
^ Lilla 2017.
^ Williams 2001, p. 72.
^ Prittie 1979, p. 35.
^ Ziblatt 2017, p. 288.
^ Bailey 1980, pp. 171–172.
^ Deutscher Reichstag 1924, p. 12.
^ Beck 2008, p. 39.
^ Deutscher Reichstag 1925, pp. 9–10.
^ Beck 2008, p. 41.
^ Schäfke 2020, p. 27.
^ Romeyk 1994, pp. 799–800.
^ Lange 1991, p. 276.
^ Adenauer 2008.

Sources

Adenauer, Konrad (2008). "Wallraf, Max". Kölner Personen-Lexikon. By Soénius, Ulrich S (in German). p. 562. ISBN 978-3-7743-0400-0. OCLC 198924220.
Bailey, Stephen (1980). "The Berlin Strike of January 1918". Central European History. 13 (2): 158–174. doi:10.1017/S0008938900009080. ISSN 0008-9389. JSTOR 4545893. S2CID 145384448.
Beck, Hermann (2008). The Fateful Alliance: German Conservatives and Nazis in 1933 : the Machtergreifung in a New Light. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-84545-496-8.
Bundesarchiv (2007). "Kurzbiographien der Personen in den "Akten der Reichskanzlei, Weimarer Republik"". www.bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 October 2021.
Deutscher Reichstag (1924). Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. Vol. 381. Berlin: Reichsdruckerei.
Deutscher Reichstag (1925). Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. Vol. 384. Berlin: Reichsdruckerei.
Lange, Helmut (1991). "Ludwig Theodor Ferdinand Max Wallraf (1859–1941)". Persönlichkeiten der Verwaltung: Biographien zur deutschen Verwaltungsgeschichte 1648–1945. By Jeserich, Kurt G. A.; Neuhaus, Helmut (in German). W. Kohlhammer. pp. 276–280. ISBN 978-3-17-010718-2.
Lilla, Joachim (2017). "Die Vertretung rheinischer Städte im Preußischen Herrenhaus 1854-1918". www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de (in German). Retrieved 7 October 2021.
Prittie, Terence (1979). The Velvet chancellors : a history of post-war Germany. New York : Holmes & Meier. ISBN 978-0-584-10461-5.
Romeyk, Horst (1994). Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde (in German). Vol. 69. Droste. pp. 799–800. ISBN 978-3-7700-7585-0.
Schäfke, Werner (5 October 2020). Kölns Weg in die Gegenwart: Vom Ende des Kaiserreichs bis ins 21. Jahrhundert (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-412-51695-6.
Williams, Charles (21 June 2001). Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-43767-3.
Ziblatt, Daniel (17 April 2017). Conservative Political Parties and the Birth of Modern Democracy in Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00162-6.

Political offices
Preceded by Wilhelm von Becker	Mayor of Cologne 1907–1917	Succeeded by Konrad Adenauer
Preceded by Karl Helfferich	Reich Minister for Interior 1917–1918	Succeeded by Karl Trimborn
Preceded by Paul Löbe	President of the Reichstag 1924–1925	Succeeded by Paul Löbe