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Her Grace
The Duchess of Bedford
DBE ARRC DStJ FLS
Her Grace The Duchess of Bedford DBE ARRC DStJ FLS
	The Duchess of Bedford in 1898
Born	Mary Du Caurroy Tribe; 26 September 1865; Stockbridge, Hampshire, England
Died	22 March 1937 (aged 71); North Sea, off Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England
Occupation(s)	Aviator, ornithologist
Spouse	Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (m. 1888)
Children	Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford
Parent(s)	Walter Harry Tribe and Sophy Lander

Mary Du Caurroy Russell, Duchess of Bedford, DBE, ARRC, DStJ, FLS (née Tribe; 26 September 1865 – ca. 22 March 1937) was a British aviator and ornithologist.^[1] She was honoured for her work in founding hospitals and working in them during the First World War. She later financed and took part in record breaking flights to Karachi and Cape Town.

Early and personal life

Born at Stockbridge, Hampshire, she was the daughter of Walter Harry Tribe, Anglican Archdeacon of Lahore, and his wife, Sophy Lander. On 30/31 January 1888, she married Lord Herbrand Russell at Barrackpore, British Raj. When Lord Herbrand inherited his childless brother's titles in 1893, she was styled as the Duchess of Bedford.^[2] Her only child, Hastings, was born on 21 December 1888.^[2]

During the early 1900s she became one of the first Western women to study the Japanese martial art of jujutsu, and she was featured in a series of instructional photographs for the book "The Fine Art of Jujutsu" (1905), written by Emily Diana Watts.

Work and activism

A major area of organisation and work for the Duchess was in founding four hospitals in Woburn and in the grounds of Woburn Abbey. The principal establishment was the Abbey Hospital that she financed and built in 1914, and where she worked as a nurse and radiographer through to the 1930s.^[3]

She chartered, and later bought the yacht Sapphire^[a] from a Mr. A. L. Barbour and later bought her from him, using her in ornithological voyages to the North of Scotland and Scandinavia.^[6]

The Duchess was a collector and watcher of birds, and took an interest in bird migration. Between 1909 and 1914 she spent much time on Fair Isle, often in the company of William Eagle Clarke. Her journal, A Bird-watcher's Diary, was privately published in 1938 after her death.^[7]

She was a member of the Women's Tax Resistance League, a group associated with the Women's Social and Political Union that used tax resistance to protest the disenfranchisement of women during the British women's suffrage movement.^[8]

Aviation

Late in life at age 63, the Duchess became interested in aviation, that she claimed gave her some relief from her constant tinnitus, although she eventually became totally deaf. In 1928 a large country house, Wispers, near Midhurst in West Sussex, and its estate were bought by the Bedford Estate for Russell. She used Wispers as a weekend retreat: she was a keen aviator and flew her plane from the family seat at Woburn Abbey to Wispers, where she had a hangar constructed in the 1930s at the same time as the large eastern wing was being added to the house. She used a nearby field as a landing strip.^[9]^[10]

On 2 August 1929, she departed on a record-breaking flight of 10,000 miles from Lympne Airport to Karachi (then in India) and return to Croydon Airport in eight days. She was accompanied in her single-engined Fokker F.VII (G-EBTS, Princess Xenia, which she renamed "The Spider" for its tenacity) by her personal pilot Captain C. D. Barnard and mechanic Robert (Bob) Little.^[11] On 8 April 1930 she made her first solo flight, in her DH.60G Moth (G-AAAO).^[12] On 10 April 1930 she embarked on a record-breaking flight from Lympne Airport to Cape Town, in "The Spider", flying 9,000 miles in 91 hours and twenty minutes over 10 days, again with Barnard and Little.^[13]^[14]

In 1934 and again in 1935, with co-pilot F/Lt R. C. Preston in de Havilland Puss Moth G-ABOC, the Duchess made extensive flights from Britain to the Western Sahara and Northern Nigeria.^[15]

Honours

In January 1918, the duchess was awarded the Royal Red Cross in the second Associate grade, for her services to wartime nursing at Woburn Auxiliary Hospital.^[16] She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1928.^[17] She was also Dame of Grace of the Order of Saint John (DGStJ) and a Fellow of the Linnean Society of the Imperial College (FLS).^[18]

Eponym

The Lesser Striped Shrew Sorex bedfordiae is named after her. It is found in Asia, from central China to Nepal, Assam and Myanmar.^[7] A moose from Siberia, Alces bedfordiae, was named after her in 1902,^[19] but the species is not currently considered valid.

Death

The duchess died aged 71, in March 1937, three months before Amelia Earhart's death, after leaving Woburn Abbey in a DH.60GIII Moth Major (G-ACUR), that crashed into the North Sea off Great Yarmouth; her body was never recovered.^[3]^[20]^[21]

Notes

^ Not to be confused with the later yacht Sapphire,^[4]^[5] commissioned by her husband as a replacement in 1912.

References

^ "Obituary: Duchess Of Bedford" The Times (London, 29 March 1937) p. 12; Issue 47644
^ ^a ^b Cokayne, G.E.; Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H.A.; White, Geoffrey H.; Warrand, Duncan; de Walden, Lord Howard, eds. (2000). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. Vol. II (new ed.). Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 88.
^ ^a ^b Buxton, Meriel (2008). The High-Flying Duchess. Woodperry. ISBN 978-0-9558925-0-9
^ "s.y. SAPPHIRE". gunfleet.net. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
^ "Steam Yacht Sapphire". Graces Guide. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
^ "Bedford, Duchess of". The Bartlett Maritime Research Centre. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
^ ^a ^b Beolens, Bo. (2009). The eponym dictionary of mammals. Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8018-9533-3. OCLC 593239356.
^ The Duchess of Bedford. Votes for Women (25 April 1913) p. 5
^ Churchill, Penny (19 November 2009). "Historic country houses on the market". Country Life. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
^ "A country seat of learning: Wispers, Sussex". The Country Seat. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
^ Flight 15 August 1929, flightglobal.com
^ Flight 11 April 1930, flightglobal.com
^ Flight 25 April 1930, flightglobal.com
^ Jones, D. (1971) The Time Shrinkers: the Development of Civil Aviation between Britain and Africa. Rendel. pp. 142–152.
^ Jones, D. (1971) The Time Shrinkers: the Development of Civil Aviation between Britain and Africa. Rendel. pp. 117–127.
^ War Office. The London Gazette (25 January 1918) Supplement: 30500, p. 1423
^ "The Flying Duchess of Bedford". University of London.
^ Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Vol. 1 (107th ed.). Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. p. 321.
^ Lydekker, Richard (June 1902). "Mr. Lydekker exhibited the skull and antlers (text-fig. 16, p. 108) of an adult male Elk from Siberia". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1902-I: 107–109.
^ Jackson, A.J. (1973). British Civil Aircraft since 1919: Vol 2. Putnam. ISBN 0-370-10010-7
^ Flight 1 April 1937, flightglobal.com