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Martha Louise Rayne
Martha Louise Rayne
Born	Martha Louise Woodworth; August 1, 1836; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Died	August 8, 1911 (aged 75); Oak Park, Cook County, Illinois
Nationality	American
Other names	Mrs. M. L. Rayne
Occupation(s)	journalist, writer
Years active	1865–1910
Known for	founding journalism school

Martha Louise Rayne (1836–1911) was an American who was an early woman journalist. In addition to writing and editing several journals, she serialized short stories and poems in newspapers such as the Chicago Tribune, the Detroit Free Press, and the Los Angeles Herald. In addition to newspaper work, she published a guidebook of Chicago, etiquette books, and several novels. In 1886, she founded what may have been the first women's journalism school in the United States and four years later became a founding member and first vice president of the Michigan Woman's Press Association. Rayne was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Journalism Hall of Fame in 1998 and the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2002.

Early life

Martha Louise Woodworth^[1] was born on August 1, 1836^[2] in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada^[1] to John B. and Martha Woodworth.^[3] She came from a literary family, as on her father's side, she was related to Samuel Woodworth and on her mother's side to William Knox. She attended Truro Academy and from an early age had a gift for storytelling and writing.^[1] In 1854, she immigrated to Boston, Massachusetts^[4] and two years later on April 9, 1856, Woodworth married Robert Weir Rayne in Roxbury.^[3] They had four daughters, Gladwing, born in 1857 in Truro, Nova Scotia, and died that same year in Roxbury, Massachusetts;^[5] Bessie, was born in 1858,^[6] but died in the Dixon Bridge collapse of 1873;^[7] Lula G. born in 1859^[6]^[8] and Grace I. born in 1862.^[9]^[10]

Career

Rayne began career in Boston in the early 1860s and then moved briefly to Ohio before arriving in Chicago.^[11] One of her earliest published works was a guidebook called Chicago and one hundred miles around printed in 1865.^[12] In 1868, she served as the city editor for a paper in Chicago called Sorosis^[13] and published poems in the children's paper The Bright Side.^[14] She became a freelancer for the Chicago Tribune using the pen name "Vic" and then moved into a Sunday writing position by 1870. Simultaneously, she served as publisher and editor of the Chicago magazine, Fashion, Music and Home Reading.^[11]^[15] After reporting on the 1874 wedding of Frederick Grant, son of President Ulysses S. Grant,^[11] and the wedding of General Philip Sheridan,^[1] Rayne interviewed and wrote a piece on Mary Todd Lincoln's confinement in a mental institution, which led to Lincoln's release.^[1]^[12]^[16] In addition, she published several novels, including Jenny and Her Mother (1867), Fallen Among Thieves (1876) and Against Fate: A True Story (1876).^[17]

Around 1878, Rayne moved to Detroit and wrote for "The Household" section of the Detroit Free Press, one of the first supplements to a newspaper written solely for women. During this time, she interviewed such celebrities as President Grover Cleveland, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and John Greenleaf Whittier.^[11] In the early 1880s, Rayne wrote two etiquette books, which showed her humor as well as giving practical advice.^[18] Her 1884 work, What can a woman do? gave evidence to the growing desire of professions for women^[19] and the need that many felt for income production.^[20] In 1886, Rayne, founded what she billed as "the world’s first school of journalism" in Detroit, which was open until around 1900.^[11]^[21]^[22] She offered courses in developing a literary style, manuscript preparation, use of language, reporting and other writing skills^[21] to provide professional instruction to women, who were typically denied higher education opportunities.^[23] Rayne was a member of the National Woman's Press Association and served as the Michigan vice president of the organization in 1886.^[24] When Michigan decided to found its own Michigan Woman’s Press Association (MWPA) in 1890, Rayne was one of the founding members and served as its first vice president.^[25] She was re-elected as vice president in 1894.^[26] In 1896, she quit her post on the editorial staff at the Detroit Free Press.^[12]

Rayne returned to the Chicago area in ^[27] 1897 and began writing as a special features editor for the Chicago Times-Herald.^[28] She had Lucy Leggett, continue running the journalism school in Detroit until 1900.^[29] Around this time, her husband, who had been a semi-invalid, died in 1899.^[30]^[1] She continued publishing poems^[31] and short stories in syndicated newspapers and journals through 1910.^[32] Rayne died on August 8, 1911, in Oak Park, Illinois.^[30]

Legacy

Posthumously, Rayne was inducted into the Michigan Journalism Hall of Fame in 1998^[11] and the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2002.^[33]

Selected works

Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1865). Chicago and one hundred miles around: being a complete hand-book and guide to the public and private institutions, churches, schools, libraries, asylums, railroad offices, etc., etc., of the garden city. Chicago, Illinois: R. Edwards, printer. OCLC 270747340.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1870). Jenny and Her Mother. Chicago, Illinois: Kenney & Sumner. OCLC 905331532.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1876). Against Fate: A True Story. Chicago, Illinois: W. B. Keen, Cooke & Co.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1879). Fallen Among Thieves: A Summer Tour. New York, New York: G. W. Carleton & Co.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1881). Gems of deportment and hints of etiquette: the ceremonials of good society, including valuable moral, mental, and physical knowledge. Detroit, Michigan: Tyler & Co. and R.D.S. Tyler & Co.
Rayne, Martha Louise (1882). Written for You, Or, The Art of Beautiful Living: Including a Large Amount of Valuable Knowledge Concerning the Every-day Affairs of Life, Social Propriety, Mental and Moral Culture, and All that Pertains to the Successful Realization of a True and Beautiful Life. Detroit, Michigan: Tyler & Co.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1886). Her Desperate Victory. Chicago, Illinois: Belford, Clarke and Company.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1887). What can a woman do; or, Her position in the business and literary world. Detroit, Michigan: F.B. Dickerson.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (1888). Pauline, or The belles of Mackinac. Detroit, Michigan: Peninsular Publishing Company Detroit Michigan.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (July 3, 1910). "An Affair of the Heart". Los Angeles Herald Sunday Magazine. Los Angeles, California. p. 10. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com. and "An Affair of the Heart (pt 2)". p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bradshaw 1983, p. 514.
^ Forest Home Cemetery 2016.
^ ^a ^b Massachusetts Marriages 1856, p. 1110.
^ Boston passenger lists 1854, p. 3207.
^ Massachusetts Deaths 1857, p. 469.
^ ^a ^b U. S. census 1860, p. 2.
^ San Francisco Chronicle 1873, p. 2.
^ U. S. census 1910, p. 27.
^ U. S. census 1870, p. 164.
^ U. S. census 1910, p. 26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Michigan Journalism Hall of Fame 1998.
^ ^a ^b ^c Burt 2000, p. 115.
^ St. Joseph Herald 1868, p. 2.
^ Detroit Free Press 1879, p. 10.
^ The Atchison Daily Champion 1870, p. 2.
^ Ellison 2014, p. 227.
^ Foster 1928, p. 24.
^ Howard 2008, p. 18.
^ Woody 1929, p. 14.
^ Gover 1988, p. 19.
^ ^a ^b Burt 2000, p. 116.
^ Dickson 1999, p. 7.
^ Adams 2001, p. 25.
^ Burt 2000, p. 117.
^ Burt 2000, pp. 122–123.
^ Burt 2000, p. 124.
^ Burt 2000, p. 120.
^ Leonard 1902, p. 931.
^ Burt 2000, p. 61.
^ ^a ^b Chicago Daily Tribune 1911, p. 2.
^ Democrat and Chronicle 1901, p. 7.
^ Rayne 1910, pp. 10–11.
^ Michigan Women's Hall of Fame 2002.

Bibliography

Adams, Katherine H. (2001). A Group of Their Own: College Writing Courses and American Women Writers, 1880-1940. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4936-3.
Bradshaw, James Stanford (September 1983). "Mrs. Rayne's School of Journalism". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 60 (3). Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Sage Publications: 513–517, 579. doi:10.1177/107769908306000320. ISSN 1077-6990. S2CID 144824171.
Burt, Elizabeth V. (2000). Women's Press Organizations, 1881-1999. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30661-7.
Dickson, Thomas (1999). Mass Media Education in Transition: Preparing for the 21st Century. Mahwah, New Jersey: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-67433-5.
Ellison, Betty Boles (2014). The True Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-1517-2.
Foster, Bernice M. (1928). Michigan novelists. Ann Arbor, Michigan: G. Wahr.
Gover, C. Jane (1988). The Positive Image: Women Photographers in Turn-of-the-Century America. Abany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-533-0.
Howard, Vicki (2008). Brides, Inc.: American Weddings and the Business of Tradition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2045-2.
Leonard, John W., ed. (1902). Marquis Who's Who, 1901-1902. Vol. 2. Chicago, Illinois: A. N. Marquis & Company.
Rayne, Mrs. M. L. (July 3, 1910). "An Affair of the Heart". Los Angeles Herald Sunday Magazine. Los Angeles, California. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
Woody, Thomas (1929). A history of women's education in the United States. New York, New York: Science Press.
"1860 United States Census". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives Record Administration. July 19, 1860. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"1870 United States Census". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives Record Administration. July 18, 1870. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"1910 United States Census". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives Record Administration. April 21, 1910. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"The Bridge Disaster in Illinois". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California. May 6, 1873. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
"The Chicago Magazine". Atchison, Kansas: The Atchison Daily Champion. December 11, 1870. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
"Honor to Whom Honor". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. August 24, 1879. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
"Martha Louise Rayne". Forest Home Cemetery Overview. Oak Park, Illinois: Historical Society of Oak Park and River Forest. 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"Martha Louise Rayne" (PDF). Lansing, Michigan: Michigan Women's Hall of Fame. 2002. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"Martha Rayne". East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan Journalism Hall of Fame. 1998. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"Massachusetts Deaths, 1841–1915: Rayne, Gladwing". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives Record Administration. September 10, 1857. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"Massachusetts, Index to Boston Passenger Lists, 1848–1891: Woodworth, Martha". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives Record Administration. April 29, 1854. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"Massachusetts Marriages, 1841–1915: Rayne, Robert W." FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives Record Administration. April 9, 1856. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
"Mrs. M. L. Rayne, Writer, Dies". Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Daily Tribune. August 9, 1911. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
"A Service of Hands". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York. July 28, 1901. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
"Sorosis". St. Joseph Herald. St. Joseph, Michigan. October 3, 1868. Retrieved 21 April 2016 – via Newspapers.com.

[FOOTNOTEBradshaw1983514-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bradshaw 1983, p. 514.

[FOOTNOTEForest_Home_Cemetery2016-2] Forest Home Cemetery 2016.

[FOOTNOTEMassachusetts_Marriages18561110-3] Massachusetts Marriages 1856, p. 1110.

[FOOTNOTEBoston_passenger_lists18543207-4] Boston passenger lists 1854, p. 3207.

[FOOTNOTEMassachusetts_Deaths1857469-5] Massachusetts Deaths 1857, p. 469.

[FOOTNOTEU._S._census18602-6] U. S. census 1860, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTE''San_Francisco_Chronicle''18732-7] San Francisco Chronicle 1873, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEU._S._census191027-8] U. S. census 1910, p. 27.

[FOOTNOTEU._S._census1870164-9] U. S. census 1870, p. 164.

[FOOTNOTEU._S._census191026-10] U. S. census 1910, p. 26.

[FOOTNOTEMichigan_Journalism_Hall_of_Fame1998-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Michigan Journalism Hall of Fame 1998.

[FOOTNOTEBurt2000115-12] Burt 2000, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTE''St._Joseph_Herald''18682-13] St. Joseph Herald 1868, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTE''Detroit_Free_Press''187910-14] Detroit Free Press 1879, p. 10.

[FOOTNOTE''The_Atchison_Daily_Champion''18702-15] The Atchison Daily Champion 1870, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEEllison2014227-16] Ellison 2014, p. 227.

[FOOTNOTEFoster192824-17] Foster 1928, p. 24.

[FOOTNOTEHoward200818-18] Howard 2008, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTEWoody192914-19] Woody 1929, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEGover198819-20] Gover 1988, p. 19.

[FOOTNOTEBurt2000116-21] Burt 2000, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTEDickson19997-22] Dickson 1999, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTEAdams200125-23] Adams 2001, p. 25.

[FOOTNOTEBurt2000117-24] Burt 2000, p. 117.

[FOOTNOTEBurt2000122–123-25] Burt 2000, pp. 122–123.

[FOOTNOTEBurt2000124-26] Burt 2000, p. 124.

[FOOTNOTEBurt2000120-27] Burt 2000, p. 120.

[FOOTNOTELeonard1902931-28] Leonard 1902, p. 931.

[FOOTNOTEBurt200061-29] Burt 2000, p. 61.

[FOOTNOTE''Chicago_Daily_Tribune''19112-30] Chicago Daily Tribune 1911, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTE''Democrat_and_Chronicle''19017-31] Democrat and Chronicle 1901, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTERayne191010–11-32] Rayne 1910, pp. 10–11.

[FOOTNOTEMichigan_Women's_Hall_of_Fame2002-33] Michigan Women's Hall of Fame 2002.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Martha Louise Rayne

Early life

Career

Legacy

Selected works

References

Citations

Bibliography

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