Mark Antony Lower

Mark Antony Lower

Mark Antony Lower F.S.A. M.A. (14 July 1813 – 22 March 1876) was a Sussex historian and schoolteacher who founded the Sussex Archaeological Society. An anti-Catholic propagandist,[1] Lower is believed to have started the "cult of the Sussex Martyrs",[1][2] although he was against the excesses of the "Bonfire Boys".[3]

Life

Lower was born 14 July 1813, one of six sons[4] of Richard Lower, a schoolmaster, and his wife in Chiddingly. Richard and Mary (née Oxley) gave Lower a good education.[5] It appears he showed an early interest in heraldry as a painted coat of arms in the local church is attributed to him.[6] He worked first at his sister's school in East Hoathly,[7] before further extending the family's interests in local education with a school at Alfriston under his control. Within three years, however, he left to establish another school in Lewes in Sussex in 1835.

The Sussex Martyrs are still remembered today.

He married Mercy Holman in 1835 when his school had moved to St. Anne's House in Lewes High Street. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1844.[8] His establishment of the Sussex Archaeological Society with J. H. Hurdis in 1846 established Lower as a well-regarded notable antiquarian. His publication of The Sussex Martyrs, their Examinations and Cruel Burnings in the time of Queen Mary... in 1851 together with an etching by James Henry Hurdis of Richard Woodman and nine other martyrs is credited with establishing the "cult of the Sussex Martyrs".[2] However, it is noted that his Sussex Martyrs was really a re-publication of John Foxe's account in his Book of Martyrs.[3] Although Lower is credited with publicising the Sussex Martyrs, he does not appear to have started the Bonfire Societies. His biography credits him with writing a note complaining of the excesses of the "Bonfire Boys", and he had himself been an active member of the Lewes New Temperance Society.[3]

Lower said that he had published the Sussex Martyrs because their deaths had been largely forgotten and high churchmen were referring to the Reformation and the deaths of these people as a mistake. Following the publications "anti-popish" demonstrations took place each year around 5 November. In 1868 a figure dressed as the "Bishop of Lewes" warned protestants of the Roman Catholic threat and the following year an effigy of the pope was to be blown up with gunpowder.[9]

Title page, A Compendious History of Sussex, Mark Antony Lower, 1870

Lower published numerous articles for the Sussex Archaeological Society and he was employed for a number of years as a secretary. He published Patronymica Britannica: A Dictionary of the Family Names of the United Kingdom in 1860 and The Worthies of Sussex in 1865.[10][11] Mercy Lower died in 1867. The widower married Sarah Scrase three years later after moving to Seaford. His important Sussex local history book, A Compendious History of Sussex, was completed just a year before he left Lewes for London. His guide to Scandinavia was published in 1874 after he toured there to improve his health.[3]

Lower died on 22 March 1876[5] in Enfield. He was buried in St Anne's Church in Lewes.[12]

Works

  • English surnames, 1842[3]
  • The Curiosities of Heraldry, 1845[13]
  • Chronicles of Pevensey, 1846
  • Sussex Archaeological Society, various publications, 1846–
  • The Sussex Martyrs, their Examinations and Cruel Burnings in the time of Queen Mary, comprising the interesting personal narrative of Richard Woodman, &c. &c., 1852
  • Patronymica Britannica, 1860 (A dictionary of the family names of the United Kingdom)[10]
  • The Song of Solomon in the dialect of Sussex; from the authorised English version, 1860
  • Old Speech and Old Manners in Sussex, 1861
  • Parochial history of Chiddingly, 1862[3]
  • The Worthies of Sussex, 1865[11]
  • A Compendious History of Sussex,1870
  • Historical and genealogical notices of the Pelham family, 1873[3]
  • The Chronicle of Battel [sic] Abbey, 1851[14]

References

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  1. ^ a b "East Sussex". The Keep. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  2. ^ a b Christopher Whittick, 'Hurdis, James Henry (1800–1857)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 accessed 6 Nov 2009
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Mark Antony Lower". Open Library. 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
  4. ^ What's in a Surname? A Journey from Abercrombie to Zwicker, David McKie, Windmill Books, 2014, p. 84
  5. ^ a b Campkin F.S.A., Henry. Two Sussex archaeologists: William Durrant Cooper and Mark Antony Lower. Bacon. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
  6. ^ Chiddingly Church, Sussex, accessed November 2009
  7. ^ "Mark Antony Lower". The Weald. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
  8. ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
  9. ^ Goring, Jeremy (2003). Burn holy fire: religion in Lewes since the Reformation. James Clarke & Co. pp. 129–192. ISBN 978-0-7188-3040-3. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
  10. ^ a b Lower, Mark Antony (1860). Patronymica Britannica: A Dictionary of the Family Names of the United Kingdom. J.R. Smith. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
  11. ^ a b Lower, Mark Anthony (1865). The Worthies of Sussex. Lewes: Sussex Advertiser. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
  12. ^ John H. Farrant, 'Lower, Mark Antony (1813–1876)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 8 Nov 2009
  13. ^ Lower, Mark Antony (1 March 2004) [1845]. The Curiosities of Heraldry. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8651-4.
  14. ^ Battle Abbey; Mark Antony Lower (1851). The Chronicle of Battel Abbey, from 1066 to 1176: now first translated with notes, and an abstract of the subsequent history of the establishment. J. R. Smith. p. 224.

Further reading