Margaret Brouwer

Margaret Brouwer (born February 8, 1940, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American composer and composition teacher.[1] She founded the Blue Streak Ensemble chamber music group.

Biography

Brouwer studied at Oberlin College, graduating in 1962, and received her master's degree from Michigan State University. Having started her musical career as a professional violinist with the Fort Worth Symphony and Dallas Symphony, she went on to earn her DMA in composition from Indiana University. Her teachers have included Donald Erb, Harvey Sollberger, Frederick A. Fox, and George Crumb. From 1996 to 2008 Brouwer served as head of the composition department and holder of the Vincent K. and Edith H. Smith Chair in Composition at the Cleveland Institute of Music. She is now professor emeritus at CIM.

Brouwer was in residence at the Wellesley Composers Conference in 2002 and at the MacDowell Colony in 2001, and was a Norton Stevens Fellow there in 1999. She served as Composer-in-Residence at Indiana University in 2004.

In 2004 Brouwer was named a Guggenheim Fellow.[2] In 2006, she received an American Academy of Arts and Letters award in music.[3] In 2010 she received a Meet The Composer Commissioning/USA award to compose Path at Sunrise, Masses of Flowers which was premiered by the Cleveland Women's Symphony.

In 2011, Brouwer founded Blue Streak Ensemble, a mixed chamber group devoted to performing her work and the works of other living composers, alongside arrangements of core repertoire.[4] With Blue Streak Ensemble, Brouwer launched the 'Music by the Lake' series, with summer performances around the northern Ohio Lake Erie region. Brouwer's Violin Concerto was performed by Michi Wiancko with both the South Carolina Philharmonic and Columbus Georgia Symphonies.

Her students have included composers Peter Gilbert and Joseph Hallman.

Performances

Ensembles in New York, Seattle, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Boston, and Cleveland have programmed her works. In New York, Brouwer's music has been programmed by the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, American Composers’ Orchestra at Carnegie Hall, Merkin Hall, the Cutting Room, and Symphony Space; by the Orchestra of St. Luke's on its “Second Helping” series; and by the Cassatt and Cavani String Quartets. In Washington, D.C. her music has been performed at the Kennedy Center, the Concoran Gallery, and the Phillips Gallery.

Formerly published by Carl Fischer and Theodore Presser, Brouwer's music is now available through Brouwer New Music Publishing.[5]

1999–2004

In June 2001 the Cleveland Museum of Art presented a concert devoted entirely to Brouwer's chamber music, in which two of the four works performed, (Light and Under the Summer Tree) were premieres. Other premieres during the 2001–02 season included Mandala for the Cleveland Chamber Symphony and Quartet for Franklin Cohen, principal clarinet of the Cleveland Orchestra. Brouwer's Diary of an Alien and Skyriding were heard in Washington, D.C., in a Prelude Concert of the National Symphony Orchestra in June, 2001. Other performances included Demeter Prelude by the Cavani String Quartet, Crosswinds by the Aurora String Quartet on San Francisco's Composers, Inc. concert series, “Horn Sonata” with Richard King, principal hornist with the Cleveland Orchestra, Quartet at the Composers Conference at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, and Diary of an Alien at the National Flute Association Convention in Washington, D.C. Brouwer's SIZZLE was premiered by the Women's Philharmonic of San Francisco in September 2000 in a concert which also included her Symphony No. 1.

The 2002–03 season saw the November 2002 premiere of Brouwer's Concerto for Percussion, Aurolucent Circles, by Evelyn Glennie and the Seattle Symphony conducted by Gerard Schwarz. In the words of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer: “(Brouwer) has written a marvelous display piece… music (that is) effective and solid, often rather atmospheric, and gives the percussion soloist many opportunities.”[6] In September 2002, the Cleveland Public Theater and Ursuline College presented Brouwer's Mystical Connections, a 75-minute work which incorporates musicians and music from other cultures. Brouwer was selected to compose the Ohio Bicentennial commissioned work premiered by the ProMusica Chamber Orchestra in February, 2003. In April, 2003 the Roanoke Symphony premiered Pulse, for which Brouwer received a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. In January, New York City's Steinway Hall presented an evening of her chamber music including Quartet, Winter’s Dream, Under the Summer Tree and Demeter Prelude.

2005–2009

Brouwer's Light for Soprano, harpsichord, flute, clarinet, violin, cello, and percussion was performed at the Tanglewood Music Center's 2005 Festival of Contemporary Music. Reviewing this concert Allan Kozinn wrote in the New York Times, “Margaret Brouwer’s fantastically eclectic “Light” filtered fragments of medieval and Renaissance pieces through a prism of free-ranging melody.”[7] Brouwer was awarded an Ohio Council for the Arts Individual Fellowship for 2005.

In January 2006, Naxos released a CD of her orchestral entitled Aurolucent Circles (CD # 8.559250) featuring Evelyn Glennie, solo percussionist and The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra with Gerard Schwarz conducting.[8] Skyriding was performed at the Contemporary Music Forum in Washington, D.C., in February 2005.

In 2007, violinist Michi Wiancko and conductor James Gaffigan premiered Brouwer’s Concerto for Violin and Chamber Orchestra with CityMusic Cleveland Chamber Orchestra. In reviewing this work, Donald Rosenberg wrote about its “surprising tension between skittish and poetic material... the violinist has long, bravura statements that melt seamlessly into tender utterances and back again.”[7]

In 2009, premieres included Brouwer's Rhapsody for Orchestra commissioned and premiered by the Detroit Symphony, Leonard Slatkin, conducting, and BREAKDOWN, a collaborative work by Brouwer and video/sound artist Kasumi, commissioned and premiered by the American Composers Orchestra, George Manahan conducting, at Carnegie's Zankel Hall.

2010-

Brouwer's Concerto for Viola and Orchestra, commissioned by the Dallas Symphony, was premiered in January 2010.[9] A 2010 Voices of Change concert in Dallas featured several of Brouwer's works including Trio, Skyriding, and Diary of an Alien. Her first children's symphonic drama, Daniel and Snakeman, was premiered by CityMusic Cleveland in May 2011.

The Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, Arild Remmereit conducting, premiered Brouwer's new orchestral work which they commissioned, Caution Ahead – Guard Rail Out, in May 2012. Brouwer was one of five American women composers to be commissioned by American Piano Awards to write a work for solo piano.[10] Her composition Prelude and Toccata premiered in Indianapolis on April 15, 2013, by Eric Zuber, for the APA's 2013 ProLiance Energy Classical Fellowship Awards. On April 18 and 19, 2013 the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra performed Brouwer's Remembrances. Violinist Michi Wiancko, conductor Gary Schneider and the Orchestra for the Next Century gave the east coast premiere of Margaret Brouwer's highly acclaimed Violin Concerto at Merkin Hall in New York.

Style

Brouwer's music has been noted for its use of imagery,[11] memorable melodies, and accessible and engaging nature while making "no obvious concessions toward styles of the day."[12] In the words of Sarah Bryan Miller of the St. Louis Post Dispatch, Brouwer is "accessible and engaging for a wide range of audiences... not afraid to be spiky when spikiness is indicated, but there’s never a sense in any of these works that she’s using atonality for its own sake.”[13] Furthermore, Brouwer's music has been noted for having "a keen balance between contemporary and tonal language."[14] Fanfare magazine described Brouwer's music as having "a sense of stylistic independence and an openness of spirit.[15]

Recordings

Title Year Label Catalog No. Notes
Shattered: Chamber Music of Margaret Brouwer 2014 Naxos Records 8.559763 Shattered Glass, Clarinet Quintet, Whom do you call angel now?, Lonely Lake,
Arrangements of Clair de lune and Bach's 2-part Invention in F-Major
The Verdehr Trio - American Images 5 (Making of a Medium Vol. 20) 2011 Crystal Records CD 970 Contains performance of Trio
CityMusic Cleveland LIVE 2007 CityMusic Cleveland CMC4, 2007 Contains performance of Violin Concerto
Aurolucent Circles 2006 Naxos Records 8.559250 Aurolucent Circles, Mandala, Pulse, Remembrances, SIZZLE
Margaret Brouwer - Light 2003 New World Records 80606 Lament, Light, Under the Summer Tree, Skyriding, Demeter Prelude
Crosswinds 1999 New World Records NWCR821 Crosswinds, Prelude and Vivace, Diary of an Alien, Sonata for Horn and Piano
New Mexico Brass Quintet 1993 Crystal Records CD563 Contains Performance of Timespan
Works by Allan Blank and Margaret Brouwer 1993 Centaur Records CRC 2138 Skyriding, SCHerZOid, Two Pieces for Viola

Works

Chamber music

  • Inner Voices (2014) - flute, voice, violin, cello, trombone, piano
  • Rhapsodic Sonata for Viola and Piano (2012)
  • Lonely Lake (2011) - Flute (Piccolo), Clarinet (Bass Clarinet), Violin, Cello, Percussion and Piano
  • Shattered Glass (2007) - Flute, Cello, Percussion, Piano
  • Fling (2006) - String Quartet
  • Trio (2005) - Violin, Clarinet, Piano
  • Quintet for Clarinet in A and String Quartet (2005) - Clarinet, 2 violins, viola, cello
  • Declaration (2005) - Soprano or mezzo-soprano, violin, piano
  • Clarinet Quintet (2005)
  • Lament (2002) - Violin, clarinet, bassoon, percussion
  • Wedding Song (2001) - String Quartet
  • Light (2001) - Soprano, harpsichord, flute, clarinet, violin, cello, percussion
  • Rapunzel (1998) - Soprano, Flute, Bassoon, French Horn, Trombone, Percussion, Narrator/Synthesizer
  • Celebration (1998) - Brass Quintet
  • Demeter Prelude (1997) - String Quartet
  • Sonata for Horn and Piano (1996)
  • A Little Renaissance Music - Violin, oboe, clarinet, cello, double bass
  • Crosswinds (1995) - String quartet
  • Tolling the Spirits (1994) - Brass Quintet: 2 trumpets (doubling fluegelhorns), Horn, Trombone, Tuba
  • Chamber Concerto (1993) - Solo clarinet, Percussion, Piano
  • Skyriding (1992) - Flute, Violin, Cello, Piano
  • Two Songs (1990) - Soprano, flute, violin, cello, tuba or trombone, percussion, piano
  • Two Pieces for Viola (1989) - Viola and Piano
  • Sonata for Violin and Piano (1987)
  • Timespan (1986) - Brass Quintet - 2 trumpets (doubling Fluegelhorns), Horn, Trombone, Tuba
  • Aurolucent Echoes (1985) - Solo Harp; Echo Harp, 2 Percussion, Violin, Viola, Cello
  • Dream Drifts (1983) - Viola (with tape delay) and Piano (with Percussion)
  • Ruins of Riveaulx (1982) - Electronic tape with optional visuals

Chamber orchestra

  • Daniel and Snakeman (2011) - A Children's Symphonic Drama for Narrator and Chamber Orchestra
  • Century's Song (2003) - Version available for community and high school orchestra
  • Wedding Song (2001) - String Orchestra
  • Mandala (2001)
  • Prelude and Vivace for Clarinet and Chamber Ensemble (1996)
  • Then the Bells (1991)
  • Skattle (1990)

Orchestral

  • Caution Ahead - Guard Rail Out (2012)
  • Path at Sunrise, Masses of Flowers (2010)
  • Rhapsody for Orchestra (2009)
  • Breakdown (2009) - A sample based hybrid opera in one act
  • Stardance (2007)
  • Pulse (2003)
  • Centennial Bells (2003) - From Century's Song. Easy arrangement for middle school and high school orchestras
  • Sizzle (2000)
  • Symphony No. 1, Lake Voices (1997)
  • Pluto - A Sequel (1997) - Orchestra and Women's Chorus
  • Remembrances (1996)
  • Third From the Sun (1988)

Concerti

  • Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (2010)
  • Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (2007)
  • Aurolucent Circles (2002) - Concerto for Percussion and Orchestra
  • Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1994)

Solo Instrumental

Piano

  • Prelude and Toccata (2013)
  • Under the Summer Tree (2000)
  • Sonata for Solo Piano (1998)
  • Dancing on Hot Coals (1998)

Other

  • No Rotary Phone (1995) - Clarinet
  • Diary of an Alien (1994) - Flute
  • SCHerZOid (1989) - Horn

Vocal

  • Sing with the Lark (2003) - SATB, a cappella, optional piano, optional handbells. Also available with chamber or orchestra accompaniment.
  • Winter Dream (2000) - Soprano and piano
  • Missa Brevis (1991) - Men's chorus and piano (3 Chimes or Hand Bells, played by chorus members)
  • Washington and Lee Hymn (1990) - SATB a cappella

Band and Wind Ensemble

  • Pulse (2013)
  • Red Hill Special March (2003)
  • Sizzle (2002) - Wind Ensemble, college, and high school bands

Arrangements

  • Bach - Two Part Invention in F Major (BWV 779) - arranged for Flute, Clarinet, Violin, Cello, Piano and Percussion
  • Debussy - Clair de Lune - arranged for Flute, Clarinet, Violin, Cello and Piano

References

  1. ^ IAWM Journal 2003 " to celebrate the New York premieres of chamber music by Margaret Brouwer on January 13, 2003 at Steinway Hall."
  2. ^ "Guggenheim Fellowship". Archived from the original on 2015-02-06.
  3. ^ "American Academy of Arts and Letters Announces 2006 Music Award Winners". Archived from the original on 2014-08-27.
  4. ^ "Blue Streak Ensemble".
  5. ^ "Brouwer New Music Publishing".
  6. ^ Campbell, R.M. (2002-11-08). "Glennie's nothing short of amazing". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
  7. ^ a b Rosenberg, Donald (March 29, 2007). "A winning world premiere for violin". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
  8. ^ Lawson Taitte of The Dallas Morning News reviewed, “Ms. Brouwer has one of the most delicate ears and inventive imaginations among contemporary American composers…Ms. Brouwer not only gets seductive sounds out of the instruments, she also creates a dramatic through line that keeps the attention riveted for 27 minutes.” "Margaret Brouwer biography".
  9. ^ Cantrell, Scott (January 8, 2010). "Classical music review: Phillips demonstrates exquisite mastery leading Dallas Symphony Orchestra". Dallas Morning News.
  10. ^ "5 American Women Composers Commissioned by American Pianists Association". New Music Box. February 6, 2013.
  11. ^ Kilpatrick (March–April 1992). "Guide to records: Brouwer". American Record Guide. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Ross, Alex (May 1, 1996). "MUSIC REVIEW;Private, Lyrical Worlds In Contemporary Works". New York Times.
  13. ^ Bryan Miller, Sarah (January 2004). "Review: Light". St. Louis Post Dispatch.
  14. ^ Rosenberg, Donald (Spring 2008). "Review". The Plain Dealer.
  15. ^ Igram, Paul (May–June 2004). "Review". Fanfare Magazine.

Read other articles:

Provinsi Seberang Laut GuineaProvíncia Portuguesa de Guiné1588–1974 Bendera Lambang Lagu kebangsaan: Hymno Patriótico (1808–26)Lagu PatriotikHino da Carta (1826–1911)Himne PiagamA Portuguesa (1911–74)PortugisStatus Jajahan Tanjung Verde Portugis (1588–1879) Koloni Kekaisaran Portugis (1879–1951) Provinsi Seberang Laut Portugis (1951–1973) Negara Bagian Kekaisaran Portugis (1973–1974) Ibu kotaBolama (1852–1942)Bissau (1942–1974)Bahasa yang umum digunakanPortugi...

 

Lassana Diarra Diarra bersama Lokomotiv Moskow pada 2014Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Lassana Diarra[1]Tanggal lahir 10 Maret 1985 (umur 39)Tempat lahir Paris, PrancisTinggi 1,73 m (5 ft 8 in)[2]Posisi bermain GelandangKarier junior1998–1999 Paris FC1999–2001 FC Nantes2001–2002 Le Mans2002–2003 Red Star 932003–2004 Le HavreKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2004–2005 Le Havre 29 (0)2005–2007 Chelsea 13 (0)2007–2008 Arsenal 7 (0)2008–2009...

 

Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Monokotil Ordo: Asparagales Famili: AsparagaceaeJuss. (1789) Genus Lihat teks Suku asparagus-asparagusan atau Asparagaceae adalah salah satu suku anggota tumbuhan berbunga. Menurut Sistem klasifikasi APG II suku ini dimasukkan ke dalam bangsa Asparagales, klad Monokotil. Pengertian suku ini dapat dilihat dari arti luas (sensu lato) maupun arti sempit (sensu stricto) yang kedua...

Wakil Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik IndonesiaPetahanaAhmad BasarahAhmad MuzaniLestari MoerdijatJazilul FawaidSyarief HasanHidayat Nur WahidYandri SusantoFadel Muhammad Amir Uskarasejak 3 Oktober 2019Masa jabatan5 tahunPejabat perdanaIdham ChalidAli SastroamidjojoWilujo PuspojudoD.N. AiditDibentuk1960 Wakil Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia adalah pimpinan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) selain ketua yang dipilih dari dan oleh anggota MPR. Pimpin...

 

Torture device For the film, see The Brazen Bull. Perilaus being forced into the brazen bull that he built for Phalaris. The brazen bull, also known as the bronze bull, Sicilian bull, or bull of Phalaris, was an alleged torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece.[1] According to Diodorus Siculus, recounting the story in Bibliotheca historica, Perilaus (Περίλαος) (or Perillus (Πέριλλος)) of Athens invented and proposed it to Phalaris, the tyrant of Akragas,...

 

NASA facility in Houston, Texas Lunar Sample Laboratory FacilityVintage (left) and contemporary (right) glove boxes as seen in 2015Established1979 (1979)Field of researchGeologyAddressLyndon B. Johnson Space CenterLocationHouston, Texas, U.S.29°33′34″N 95°05′00″W / 29.5594°N 95.0833°W / 29.5594; -95.0833ZIP code77058Operating agencyNASAWebsitecurator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/laboratory_tour.cfm The Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility (LSLF) is a repository...

Association football club in Scotland Football clubMuirhouse RoversFull nameMuirhouse Rovers F.C.Nickname(s)the RoversFounded1881Dissolved1901GroundDavidson's MainsSecretaryJames Mackay Home colours Muirhouse Rovers F.C. was an association football club from Davidson's Mains, on the outskirts of Edinburgh, active towards the end of the 19th century. History 1893–94 Scottish Cup 1st preliminary round, Muirhouse Rovers 6–2 Penicuik Athletic, West Lothian Courier, 9 September 1893 The club f...

 

Demonstrations by opponents of the Iraq War Protests against the Iraq WarPart of the opposition to the Iraq War(top-to-bottom, left-to-right): protests in Washington, D.C. on January 2007; protests in London, United Kingdom on February 15, 2003; protests in Damascus, Syria on September 2005; protests in Barcelona, Spain on February 2003; anti-occupation protests in Samarra, Iraq on April 2003.DateSeptember 12, 2002 – March 19, 2011 (main phase) May 20, 2012 (Chicago, Illinois)March 18, 2023...

 

Town in Newfoundland and Labrador, CanadaCartwright Natsitok[1]TownCartwrightLocation in Newfoundland and LabradorCoordinates: 53°42′24″N 57°01′11″W / 53.70667°N 57.01972°W / 53.70667; -57.01972CountryCanadaProvinceNewfoundland and LabradorSettled1775Incorporated1956Government • MayorRobyn HolwellArea • Land3.27 km2 (1.26 sq mi)Elevation10 m (30 ft)Population (2021) • Total439Time zo...

1910–1945 province of Korea under Japan Zenranan-dō全羅南道Former province of Korea, Empire of JapanCapitalKōshūHistory • Established August 29, 1910• Disestablished August 15, 1945 Today part ofSouth Korea Zenranan-dō (全羅南道, Korean: 전라남도), alternatively Zenranan Province or South Zenra Province, was a province of Korea under Japanese rule. Its capital was Kōshū (Gwangju). The province consisted of modern-day South Jeolla Province and Je...

 

Snecma M88 adalah mesin jet turbofan afterburning Prancis yang dikembangkan oleh Snecma untuk pesawat tempur Dassault Rafale. Generasi baru M88 mengintegrasikan teknologi terbaru, termasuk ruang bakar rendah emisi, pisau turbin kristal tunggal dan disk metalurgi serbuk.Mesin M88-4E yang memenuhi syarat pada April 2012 dan mesin pertama disampaikan sebulan kemudian. Versi M88-2 M88-4E M88-9 Aplikasi Dassault Rafale Referensi Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Snecma M88. M...

 

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

American politician from Colorado Monica DuranMajority Leader of the Colorado House of RepresentativesIncumbentAssumed office January 9, 2023Preceded byDaneya EsgarMember of the Colorado House of Representativesfrom the 23rd districtIncumbentAssumed office January 9, 2023Preceded byRedistrictedMember of the Colorado House of Representativesfrom the 24th districtIn officeJanuary 4, 2019 – January 9, 2023Preceded byJessie DanielsonSucceeded byRedistric...

 

52nd season of the racing series organized by IMSA 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship Previous 2021 Next 2023 Support series:Michelin Pilot ChallengeIMSA Prototype ChallengePorsche Carrera Cup NAMazda MX-5 Cup The 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2022 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was the 52nd racing season sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA), which traces its lineage back to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship. This was als...

 

Relates areas of three parallelograms attached to three sides of an arbitrary triangle dark grey area = light grey area Pappus's area theorem describes the relationship between the areas of three parallelograms attached to three sides of an arbitrary triangle. The theorem, which can also be thought of as a generalization of the Pythagorean theorem, is named after the Greek mathematician Pappus of Alexandria (4th century AD), who discovered it. Theorem Given an arbitrary triangle with two arbi...

Position in the Royal Air Force For the former British cabinet political office, see Secretary of State for Air. Air Secretary and Chief of Staff, PersonnelEnsign of the Royal Air Force(Air Sec Command Flag)IncumbentAir Vice-Marshal Simon Edwardssince August 2023Ministry of DefenceStyleAir Vice-MarshalAbbreviationCOS Pers/Air SecReports toChief of the Air StaffAppointerSovereign of the United KingdomFormation4 February 1957First holderAir Marshal Sir Anthony SkingsleyWebsiteOfficial webs...

 

Island within Ryukyu Islands TairajimaNative name: Japanese: 平島Aerial photograph of TairajimaGeographyLocationEast China SeaCoordinates29°41′16.1″N 129°31′42.1″E / 29.687806°N 129.528361°E / 29.687806; 129.528361ArchipelagoTokara IslandsArea2.08 km2 (0.80 sq mi)Length1.5 km (0.93 mi)Width1.0 km (0.62 mi)Coastline7.23 km (4.493 mi)Highest elevation242.9 m (796.9 ft)AdministrationJapanDemographic...

 

American epigrapher and Latin teacher Mariana McCaulleyMariana McCaulley c. 1919Born1890DiedDecember 26, 1946(1946-12-26) (aged 55–56)Bryn Mawr, PennsylvaniaNationalityAmericanOther namesMariana VanDeventerOccupation(s)Epigrapher and Latin teacher Mariana McCaulley (1890–December 26, 1946) was an epigrapher and Latin teacher. Biography McCaulley published a 1912 M.A. thesis at Cornell University on a squeeze of the Monumentum Ancyranum (a copy of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti), wh...

Oficina de Justificación de la Difusión Tipo Sociedad anónimaIndustria Medios de Comunicación y PublicidadFundación 1964Sede central Velázquez 46, 1.º dcha, MADRID 28001.Presidente OJD-Introl Fernando Valdés BuenoDirector general OJD-Introl Manuel Sala GonzálezSitio web www.introl.es[editar datos en Wikidata] La Oficina de Justificación de la Difusión (OJD) es una empresa fundada el 20 de octubre de 1964 y encargada del control de la tirada y difusión de diarios y revist...

 

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Louis François Cauchy – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2017) Louis François Cauchy (27 May 1760 – 28 December 1848) was a senior French government official and the father of the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy. Born o...