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Mansu Hill Grand Monument
	39°1′55″N 125°45′12″E / 39.03194°N 125.75333°E
Location	Mansu Hill [ko], Pyongyang, North Korea
Designer	Mansudae Art Studio
Height	22 meters
Completion date	1972 (Kim Il Sung statue), 2012 (Kim Jong Il statue)
Dedicated to	Historical North Korean Leaders

The Mansu Hill Grand Monument (Korean: 만수대대기념비; Hanja: 萬壽臺大紀念碑) is a complex of monuments in Pyongyang, North Korea. There are 229 figures in all, commemorating the history of the revolutionary struggle of the Korean people, and especially their leaders. The central part of the monument consists of two 22-meter-tall (72 ft) bronze statues^[1]^[2] of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il.

History

In April 1972, Kim Jong Il erected the monument in honor of Kim Il Sung's 60th birthday. The monument features the Great Leader alone overlooking Pyongyang. Five years later, the statue was covered in gold leaf. Soon after, this gold plating was removed after a visit from Deng Xiaoping, who, after seeing the monument, expressed displeasure with how Chinese aid was being spent.^[3]^[4]

Following Kim Jong Il's death in 2011, a similar statue of him was erected on the north side of Kim Il Sung. At the same time, Kim Il Sung's statue was altered to portray him at a later age and smiling. Kim Il Sung's original Mao suit was also replaced with a Western-style suit. The statue of Kim Jong Il initially featured a long coat but it was promptly changed to his signature parka.^[5] South Korean sources have estimated the cost of the additional statue at $10 million, with North Korean workers working overseas being ordered to donate $150 each towards the monument.^[6]

Description

Behind the central statues is a wall of the Korean Revolution Museum building, displaying a mosaic mural showing a scene from Mount Paektu,^[7] considered to be the sacred mountain of revolution. On either side of the statues, leading away from the building, are two monuments consisting of statues of different soldiers, workers, and farmers in their anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle and socialist revolution. The long line of human figures depicted on them are on average 5 meters tall.

An official North Korean website describes it thus:

The group sculptures represent in a comprehensive way the immortal history of revolutionary struggle of the Korean people who have recorded only victory and glory under the wise leadership of the great Generalissimos. Not only on national holidays and commemoration days but on ordinary days it is crowded with people to present floral baskets and bouquets before the statues. Wedding couples are often seen there. The visiting foreigners, too, climb the hill and pay their high tribute to the great Generalissimos.
— Official North Korean web site^[8]

All visitors to the site, both locals and foreigners, are expected to bow to show respect. Locals are required to leave flowers in order to show respect and foreigners are also given the option. Photos of the statues are permitted, but the photos must capture the statues in their entirety.^[1] Close-up photos of any part of the leader's statues are strictly forbidden.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Holden, T (July 19, 2012). "A Journey into the Hermit kingdom of North Korea". BBC. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
^ "Mansu Hill Grand Monument". Tongil Tours. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
^ "Mansudae Grand Monument". Lonely Planet. Retrieved March 6, 2017. Every itinerary features this larger-than-life bronze statue of the Great Leader, to which a statue of Kim Jong-il in his trademark parka was added in 2012 following the Dear Leader's death. The first statue was unveiled in 1972 to celebrate Kim Il-sung's 60th birthday. It was originally covered in gold leaf, but apparently at the objection of the Chinese, who were effectively funding the North Korean economy, this was later removed in favour of the scrubbed bronze on display today.
^ ^a ^b Jeppesen, Travis (July 10, 2018). See You Again in Pyongyang. Hachette. pp. 54–55. ISBN 9780316509152.
^ Willoughby, Robert (2014). North Korea: The Bradt Travel Guide (Third ed.). Chalfront: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-84162-476-1.
^ Firn, Mike (December 5, 2012). "Kim Jong-il personality cult costs North Korea £62m". Daily Telegraph.
^ Vale, Paul (April 13, 2012). "North Korea Statues: Kim Jong-Un Attends Ceremony In Pyongyang For Unveiling Of Family Monuments". The Huffington Post UK. AOL (UK) Limited. Retrieved March 6, 2017. North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un has attended a ceremony to unveil the country's latest political monuments - a statue of his late father Kim Jong-il, which stands next to that of his grandfather, Kim il-Sung. The twin behemoths, created from bronze, form the centre-piece of the Mansudae Grand Monument in the capital, Pyongyang.
^ "Grand Monument on Mansu Hill". Explore DPRK. Archived from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.