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Mamba
Mamba
Directed by	Albert S. Rogell
Written by	Ferdinand Schumann-Heink (story); John Reinhardt (story); Tim Miranda (screenplay); Winifred Dunn (screenplay)
Starring	Jean Hersholt; Eleanor Boardman; Ralph Forbes
Cinematography	Charles P. Boyle (Technicolor)
Edited by	Richard Cahoon
Music by	James C. Bradford
Production; company	Color Art Productions
Distributed by	Tiffany Pictures
Release dates	March 10, 1930 (Gaiety Theatre, NYC);
Running time	78 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

Mamba is a 1930^[1] American pre-Code film, released by Tiffany Pictures. It was shot entirely in Technicolor and stars Jean Hersholt, Eleanor Boardman, Ralph Forbes, Josef Swickard, Claude Fleming, William Stanton and William von Brincken. It was based on a story by Ferdinand Schumann-Heink and John Reinhardt and was advertised as the First Drama In Natural Color as all previous color features in sound had featured musical numbers.

Plot

The film takes place in Neu Posen, German East Africa sometime before the First World War. "Mamba" is the name given to a South African snake. The reptile of this adventure is Auguste Bolte (played by Jean Hersholt), who is constantly reminding those with whom he has a chance to converse that he can buy anything. He neglects his appearance and does not even bother to shave or brush his hair. The German officers hold themselves aloof from him and the only individual he has an opportunity to talk to at length is his valet-secretary, a Cockney, who feeds his master with flattery. One afternoon Bolte recalls that he has received a letter asking for 200,000 marks from Count von Linden. The Count is in Germany and in a footnote it is written that Bolte might marry von Linden's daughter, Helen. The white people of the post have as little to do with Bolte as possible and the British officers across the frontier also spurn him. It occurs to Bolte that a beautiful wife would perhaps help to make life more agreeable for him. He thinks also that the officers would then overlook some of his failings and be quite impressed. He therefore allies himself to Germany.

Helen (played by Eleanor Boardman), like most daughters who marry wealthy villains in melodramas, does so to save her father from ruin. There is a flash of the wedding and soon Helen and her ignoble husband are seen aboard the steamship bound for East Africa. On the same vessel is Karl von Reiden, the officer who is to take charge of the Neu Posen post. He is not averse to a little flirtation with a beautiful woman and therefore when Helen goes out on deck to avoid Bolte, Karl succeeds in meeting her. These scenes are fairly well filmed and the color effects are capital. Karl, played by Ralph Forbes, is a handsome fellow. So soon as he knows that Bolte is Helen's husband he realizes that the marriage is not to her liking. Later these passengers are on the river boat, and when that craft reaches Neu Posen. Bolte stands on the aft deck hoping to make all the German officers envious of his attractive bride. He later gives a feast and takes good care to make a show of his wealth, even to having a procession of natives carrying the viands.

A visit from a native woman interrupts the proceedings, and in a subsequent passage Bolte, enraged with his wife, is about to flog her with a whip when Karl comes to the rescue. All this happens just prior to the World War, and in the closing chapters word is received by both the Germans and the British that hostilities have been declared. Bolte, the snake, believes that money can buy his freedom from military service, but soon he learns otherwise. He is compelled to don a uniform and then decides to run away. His end is sudden, for he fires at one group of natives without knowing that others are behind him. They know something about Bolte and his pleas for his life fall on deaf ears. There follow episodes in which Karl goes to the rescue of Helen and others, who are in danger of an attack by the natives. These are pictured with due attention for red blood on the hero's shirt. It seems that the Britishers might have been more solicitous about Karl's wounds, but all the British commandant says when he comes up to Karl is to ask him whether he will have another Piccadilly cigarette.

Cast

Jean Hersholt as August Bolte
Eleanor Boardman as Helen von Linden
Ralph Forbes as Karl von Reiden
Claude Fleming as Major Cromwell
Will Stanton as Cockney servant
Wilhelm von Brincken as Major von Shultz
Arthur Stone as British soldier
Torben Meyer as German soldier
Andrés de Segurola as Guido
Edward Martindel as Fullerton
Noble Johnson as Hassim

Production

According to an advertisement from the studio, the film cost more than $500,000 to produce.^[2] The studio kept 120 African American extras on weekly payroll.^[3] Exterior sets were built at Universal Studios.^[4]

Early sound films presented unprecedented difficulties in making tracking shots with the early sound equipment. During the filming of Mamba, director Rogell successfully recorded the dialogue between Jean Hersholt and Eleanor Boardman by incorporating a stuntman made up as a hunchback. As the couple strolled behind the stuntman, he pointed his “hump”—which concealed a microphone—aiming it toward each actor in turn as they spoke. ^[5]

Release

The film was well received by the public. The color photography was especially commented on as being outstanding.^{[citation needed]} According to the Los Angeles Times, the film was banned in Germany because the censors deemed it to be denigrating to Germans.^[6] The film is now in the public domain as Tiffany filed for bankruptcy in 1932 and the copyright was never renewed.

Preservation status

Mamba was previously considered partially a lost film. An article in the Spring/Summer 2009 issue of the Vitaphone Project newsletter announced that a collector in Australia owned a nearly complete 35mm nitrate print of Mamba. The article went on to say that a complete restoration is now possible, and only lacks funding. The film's first screening in 81 years, from an unrestored PAL video transfer, took place on November 21, 2011, at the Astor Theatre, Melbourne, although a full-fledged restoration had not occurred at the time of the screening.^[7]

In January 2012, the Vitaphone Project announced that the U.S. premiere of the film would be in March 2012 at Cinefest in Syracuse, New York.^[8] Two nitrate reels of the film and the complete soundtrack on RCA discs existed at the UCLA Film and Television Archive and the Australian print (lacking the wedding night sequence cut by Australian censorship in 1930) is now part of the collection. MAMBA was fully restored in 35mm by the UCLA Film & Television Archive and The Film Foundation in 2016 under a grant from the George Lucas Family Foundation, and the Franco-American Cultural Fund, a unique partnership between the Directors Guild of America (DGA), the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Société des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs de Musique and the Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW).^{[citation needed]}

Footnotes

^ An Archive Restores and Resurrects Hollywood's Earliest Indie Films - Hyperallergic
^ Film Daily Yearbook of 1930, page 430. This ad also mentions another all-Technicolor feature, to be produced by the Tiffany Studio, which would feature "the exotic beauty of the South Seas, woven around a thrilling love story brought to a gripping climax". Apparently, this was never filmed or was changed to a black-and-white production. Trade journals from 1930 claimed that Tiffany was preparing an all-Technicolor feature entitled The Barbarian, but this does not seem to have been completed.
^ "The Commentator". The California Eagle Vol. 24 No. 18. 18 October 1929. p 10. Accessed 2 April 2022.
^ Martin, Edwin. "Hollywood News Letter". The Long Beach Sun Section A page 9. 27 October 1929. Accessed 1 April 2022.
^ Eyman, 1997 p. 339-340
^ Los Angeles Times, September 10, 1930, page 4
^ "Mamba: An incredible 35mm discovery". astortheatre.net.au. Archived from the original on September 29, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
^ Vitaphone Project Newsletter (Vol. 10, Nr. 4)