Mal Muslim

The Mal Muslims are a Muslim community found in north east India and Bangladesh. They are a Muslim converts from the Hindu Mal caste. The community is also known as Besati Mal or Churiwala.^[1] Mal Muslim are listed as Other Backward Classes by the Government of India and Government of West Bengal.^[2]

Origin

The community is traditionally associated with selling bangles and other traditionally jewellery. Little is known about the circumstances of their conversion to Islam, although according to traditions took place some nine centuries ago. There relation to the Bisati community of North India is also unclear, although both groups are traditionally involved in peddling and hawking. The community is found mainly in the districts of Malda, Murshidabad, 24 Parganas, Midnapore, Birbhum and Howrah. They speak Bengali and belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. The Mal are also found in western Bangladesh.^[3]

Present circumstances

The Besati Mal are a landless community, involved mainly in hawking. Smaller groups have taken to agriculture. The community buys its wares from Kolkata, and then sells in the local markets. The Mal Besati live in multi-caste villages, although they occupy their own quarters known as paras. They are strictly endogamous, but have so system of clans. Each settlement includes a panchayat or caste council, that deals with community issues.^[4]

References

^ Marginal Muslim Communities in India edited by M.K.A Siddiqui pages 357-370
^ "Other Backward Classes State". anagrasarkalyan.gov.in.
^ Marginal Muslim Communities in India edited by M.K.A Siddiqui pages 331-344
^ Marginal Muslim Communities in India edited by M.K.A Siddiqui pages 331-344

v t e Indian Muslim communities
Majority	Alvi Arab Arain Arghon Ansari Awan Baghban Balti Behna Beary Bhatiara Bhishti Bisati Chhipa Chaush Deccani Muslims (Hyderabadi) Dard Dhobi Ghosi Gurjar Iraqi Biradari Jat Khanzada Kashmiri Kunjra Malkana Manihar Mappila Rowther Meo Mughal Pathan Purigpa Qassab Muslim Rajputs Garha Rangrez Shaikh Sayyid Salmani Siddi Teli Urdu-speaking
Minority	Assamese Bengali Bhili Dogra Gondi Gujarati Konkani Nawayath Marathi Marwari Meitei Odia Punjabi Tamil Telugu Labbay Goan Muslims Alavi Bohras
Bihari	Abdal Ansari Bisati Chamail Churihar Chik Gaddi Idrisi Khanzada Kulhaiya Lal Begi Malkana Malik of Bihar Mirasi Mirshikar Mughal Muker Muslim Chhipi Pasi Nat Pathans Rayeen Sai Sapera Sayyid Syed (Mallick) Shaikh of Bihar Shershahabadia Thakurai Teli
Gujarat	Abdal Alavi Bohras Ansari Arabs Attarwala Bafan Baloch Banjara Behlim Bhadala Bharbhunja Bhishti Chhipa Chunara Chundrigar Dawoodi Bohra Dhobi Dhuldhoya Doodwala Faqir Galiara Ghanchi Ghanchi-Pinjara Halaypotra Hingorja Hingora Juneja Kadia Kagzi Ker Khalifa Khaskheli Khoja Machiyar Makrani Maliks of Gujarat Mandali Makwana Manka Mansoori Memon Meta Qureshi Miyana Molesalam Momna Mughal Multani Multani Lohar Mutwa Nagori Node Panar Parmar Patani Bohra Patni Jamat Pathans Salaat Samma Sandhai Muslims Sanghar Shaikhs of Gujarat Shaikhda Sayyid of Gujarat Siddi Sipahi Soomra Sulaymani Bohra Sunni Bohra Tai Turk Jamat Vora Patel Vyapari
Karnataka	Baghban Beary Chaush Chhaparband Kodava Maaple Konkani Muslims Nawayath Pinjara Siddi Assadi
Kerala	Mappilas Pusalans Ossans Tangals (the Sayyids) Vattakkolis (the Bhatkalis) or Navayats Labbais Nahas Marakkars Keyis Koyas Nainars Dakhnis or Pathans Ravuthars Bohras (Daudi Bohras)
Madhya Pradesh	Chhipa Ansari Banjara Dawoodi Bohra Dhobi Mughal Muslim Chhipi Pathans Shaikh Sayyid
Maharashtra	Attar Baghban Bhishti Chaush Chhipa Chhaparband Dawoodi Bohra Dhawad Faqir Garodi Gavandi Kachar Kagzi Konkani Muslims Momin Muslim Raj Gond Qassab Saiqalgar Tadvi Bhil
Rajasthan	Ansari Anderkoti Chhipa Cheetah Chadwa Dawoodi Bohra Deshwali Gaddi Ghosi Hela Mehtar Hiranbaz Kandera Khadem Khanzada Langha Manganiar Merat Meo Mughal Pinjara Qaimkhani Rangrez Rath Shaikhs of Rajasthan Silawat Sindhi-Sipahi Singiwala Sorgar
Tamil Nadu	Rowther Kayalar Labbay Marakkar Deccani Muslims (Pathans) Nawayath Dawoodi Bohra
Uttar Pradesh	Alvi Ansari Atishbaz Bachgoti Khanzada Baghban Baluch Bandhmati Banjara Barhai Behlim Banu Israil Behna Bhand Bharbhunja Bhale Sultan Khanzada Bhatti Khanzada Bhatiara Bhishti Muslim Bhumihar Bisati Chik Dakhini Dafali Dhagi Dharhi Dhobi Musalmaan Dogar Fareedi Faqir Gaddi Gautam Khanzada Ghosi Goriya Gujjar Musalmaan Halalkhor Halwai Idrisi Iraqi Biradari Jhojha Kabaria Kakorvi Shaikh Kamangars Kamboh Kasgar Kayastha Musalman Khanzada Khokhar Khanzada Khumra Kingharia Kunjra Lal Begi Lalkhani Rajput Madari Mandarkia Malkana Manihar Meo Milki Mirasi Mughal Mujavir Muker Muslim Chhipi Muley Jats Nagar Muslims Nalband Nanbai Naqqal Panchpiria Pankhiya Pathans Putliwale Qalandar Qassab Qaum-e-Punjabian Qidwai Rai Bhatt Raj Garha Rajput Musalmaan Ramaiya Rangrez Rayeen Rohilla Sadaat Amroha Sadaat-e-Bara Sadaat-e-Bilgram Sai Salmani Sayyid of Uttar Pradesh Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh Shaikh Ja'fri Shaikhzada Siddiqui Teli Musalmaan Turk Tyagi Musalmaan
West Bengal	Abdal Dawoodi Bohra Bedia Faqir Ghosi Iraqi Biradari Kahar Kan Kela Khotta Lodha Malla Nashya Patua Sapuria Shershahabadia Shamsi

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