Main Western railway line, New South Wales

Main Western Line
Overview
Termini
Stations48 open
Technical
Line length484 km (301 mi)
Number of tracks4 (Granville-St Marys)

2 (St Marys-Wallerawang)

1 (Wallerawang-Dubbo)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Route map

km
0
Central (Sydney)
21
Granville
Harris Park
23
Parramatta
Parramatta Park
Westmead
Wentworthville
Pendle Hill
Toongabbie quarry line
Toongabbie
Seven Hills
35
Blacktown
Doonside
Rooty Hill
Mount Druitt
St Marys
Ropes Creek line
(now sidings)
Werrington
Kingswood
55
Penrith
Log Cabin
Emu Plains
Limit of suburban
passenger services
Lapstone Hill Junction
Knapsack Gully
Lapstone
Top wing
Lucasville
Lapstone Zig Zag points
top
bottom
Lower dead end
Breakfast Point
Glenbrook
original │ present
Blaxland Junction
Blaxland
Warrimoo
Karabar
Valley Heights
Springwood
Faulconbridge
Alphington
Numantia
Linden
Woodford
Hazelbrook
Lawson
Bullaburra
Rhondda Valley
Wentworth Falls
Leura
110
Katoomba
Medlow Bath
Blackheath
Mount Victoria
Hartley Vale
Bell
Newnes Junction
Newnes Junction
(original)
Clarence
Clarence
(original)
(x 10)
Top points
Zig Zag Tunnel
Bottom points
Zig Zag
Mileage 92.1 Junction
Eskbank
156
Lithgow
Cooerwull
Bowenfels
Limit of electrification
Marrangaroo
Marrangaroo Commonwealth siding
Marrangaroo Deviation
Marrangaroo Tunnel
(original)
Marrangaroo Tunnel
Mudgee Road Tunnel
Coxs River Junction
to Wallerawang Colliery
Wallerawang
Diwana
Rydal
Sodwalls
Solitary Creek
Birumba
Tarana
Tarana Quarry
Gemalla
Locksley
Wambool
Brewongle
Raglan
Kelso
240
Bathurst
Orton Park
Perthville
Georges Plains
Wimbledon
Gresham
Newbridge
Athol
Blayney
Wombiana
Millthorpe
Spring Hill
Huntley
Bloomfield
323
Orange
Orange Showground
Cullya
Clergate
Mullion Creek
Kerrs Creek
Warnecliffe
Euchareena
Store Creek
Farnham
Stuart Town
Mumbil
Dripstone
Oddfield
Apsley
410
Wellington
Wellington Racecourse
Maryvale
Maryvale to Gulgong line
Combo
Geurie
Wongarbon
Eulomogo
Mindyarra Maintenance Centre
462
Dubbo
462
Dubbo
Minore
Webbs
Narromine
Ceres
Mungeribar
Trangie
Myall Mundi
Cathundral
Nevertire
Belaringar
Mullengudgery
Miowera
Warrigal
Nyngan
Summervale
Grahweed
Girilambone
Wilga Tank
Coolabah
Glenariff
Byrock
Dwyers
Boorindal
Marooma
825
Bourke
km

The Main Western Railway is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Blue Mountains, and Central West regions. It is 825 kilometres (513 mi) long, of which 484 kilometres (301 mi) is currently operational.

Description of route

Parramatta is a major station in Sydney

The Main Western Railway Line is a westwards continuation of what is known as the Main Suburban Line between Sydney Central station and Granville. The line is six electrified railway tracks between Central and Strathfield, where the Main Northern line branches off. The line is then four tracks as it passes through Lidcombe, where the Main Southern line branches off, and then through the Sydney suburbs of Parramatta and Blacktown, where the Richmond railway line branches off. At St Marys, the line becomes two tracks as it passes through Penrith and Emu Plains, the extent of Sydney suburban passenger train operation. From Emu Plains, the line traverses the Blue Mountains passing through Katoomba and Mount Victoria before descending down the western side of the Blue Mountains through ten tunnels to Lithgow. Lithgow is the extent of urban electric passenger train services, although the electric wires extend slightly to Bowenfels. The line then proceeds through Wallerawang, where the line becomes single track, and then passes through Tarana, Bathurst, Blayney, Orange (where the Broken Hill line branches), Wellington, Dubbo, Narromine, Nevertire, Nyngan, Byrock and to Bourke. The section between Nyngan and Bourke is now closed. The Central West XPT operates as far as Dubbo.

History

The Lithgow Zig Zag (photo circa 1900)
Bowenfels, the former limit of electrification
Bathurst station
Wellington station
The line through Tarana station has been reduced to single track

The Sydney Railway Company, a private company established to serve the interests of the port of Sydney, announced proposals to build a railway line to Bathurst in 1848. The company was taken over by the New South Wales Government in 1854, and in 1855 the first railway in the state was opened between Sydney and the present-day Granville (see Rail transport in New South Wales). This railway was extended from Granville to the current Parramatta station and Blacktown in 1860 and Penrith in 1863.

The railway then crossed the Blue Mountains between 1867 and 1869. The Blue Mountains were a significant geographical barrier to the development of western New South Wales, and the crossing required significant feats of engineering for the railways, including two 'Zig Zags': one for the ascent at Lapstone, and another for the western descent. The first "little" zigzag line opened near Glenbrook in 1867 as part of the ascent of Lapstone Hill on a gradient of 1 in 30–33. It was built with comparatively light earthwork, although it included a substantial seven-span sandstone viaduct (the Knapsack Viaduct) built by engineer, John Whitton. By 1910, the line was replaced with a gentler alignment with 1 in 60 (1.67%) grades. The line reached Wentworth Falls in 1867 and Mount Victoria in 1868.

On the western descent from the Blue Mountains, the Lithgow Zig Zag was constructed between 1866 and 1869. It was laid out in the shape of a 'Z' including reversing points. It involved extremely heavy rock cuttings, three fine stone viaducts with 30-foot (9.1 m) semi-circular arches and a short tunnel. The Lithgow Zig Zag was replaced in 1910 by a deviation, which included ten tunnels.[1]

From the western foot of the Blue Mountains, the line was promptly extended to Wallerawang by 1870, Tarana in 1872, Bathurst, Blayney in 1876 and Orange in 1877.

By 1877, there was significant political pressure to minimise the diversion of trade from western New South Wales to Victoria and South Australia via river trade along the Darling and Murray Rivers.[2] The town of Bourke had become the key centre for pastoralists in western New South Wales since its formation in 1861. Provision was thus made to extend the line to Dubbo, reaching Wellington in 1880 and Dubbo in 1881. At the time, Dubbo had grown into a town of strategic importance on the stock routes between northern New South Wales and the Victorian goldfields.

Beyond Dubbo, the railway opened up new land to European settlement, and was directly responsible for the development of townships. The line reached the future site of Narromine in 1883, and the railway station was the first building in the future settlement. The line reached the site of Nevertire in 1882, serving the nearby established village of Warren (a branch opened to Warren in 1898). Construction reached the site of Nyngan in 1883, with the nearby coach-stop village of Canonbar moving in its entirely to establish the town of Nyngan. Beyond Nyngan, the line swept across the plains in a straight line for 116 miles (187 km), then the longest stretch of straight railway line in the world. It reached the temporary terminus of Byrock in 1884 before reaching its final destination of Bourke in 1885.[3]

Wool and livestock was the main source of goods traffic on the line throughout its life. In the 1890s a severe drought caused a significant downturn in traffic. In the following decade a branch to Brewarrina (in 1901) increased its catchment while that to Walgett (in 1908) from another artery, reduced its catchment area. The line beyond Dubbo became loss-making in 1901, and continued that way throughout its existence. Tonnages increased following World War 2, but declined from the 1970s. Passenger services beyond Dubbo ended in 1974.

Electrification reached Parramatta in 1928 and Penrith in 1955.[4] In the 1950s, the section of the line over the Blue Mountains was electrified primarily as a means of easing the haulage of coal freight from the western coalfields to the coastal ports,[5] but a by-product of this programme was the introduction of electric interurban passenger services as far west as Bowenfels, later cut back to the current terminus of Lithgow.[6] Since the late 1990s goods trains are now exclusively diesel hauled, with the only electric trains being passenger services using double deck interurban cars.

In 1980, quadruplication of the track between Blacktown and St Marys was completed.[7] With the introduction of the XPT, the tracks between Blacktown & St Marys were authorised for 160km/h track speeds by the SRA in 1982.[8] These speeds were subsequently reduced to 115km/h due to signalling deficiencies discovered in 2007.[9]

In the 1990s the operator of interstate freight, the National Rail Corporation, made the decision to divert Sydney- Perth traffic from the Blue Mountains section, to travel via the Main South line to Cootamundra, and then via the cross country line to Parkes. This resulted in reduced goods traffic and subsequent reduction of the line between Wallerawang and Tarana from double to single track.[10] Significant flooding saw the line cut between Nyngan and Bourke in April 1989, and the army destroyed a section of track north of Nyngan to relieve flood waters surrounding the town. It was not financially viable to repair and maintain the line, and the line was thus abandoned between Nyngan and Bourke.[11][12]

Branch lines

1927 North Australia Commission map showing a proposal to connect the Main Western railway line with the North Australia Railway, linking Sydney and Darwin

Many branch lines were built or being built from and/or to the Main Western Line, some of which remain operational.

Present operation

An XPT at Bathurst in 2006

Goods traffic continues as far as Nyngan, to and from the Cobar branch which connects at this point. NSW TrainLink operates the Central West Express XPT service to Dubbo and a twice daily return passenger service to Bathurst using DMU Endeavour rolling stock. The section between Sydney and Orange carries the Indian Pacific train to Perth (via the Broken Hill line) and the once weekly NSW TrainLink Sydney to Broken Hill Xplorer DMU. The section to Lithgow carries electric commuter trains to and from Sydney (the Blue Mountains Line).

References

  1. ^ "Deviation of the Great Western Railway Line" Newland, John R Australian Railway History September, 2006 pp358-363
  2. ^ McKillop, B. "Developing the Inland: The Great Western Railway to Bourke". Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin. Vol 53, no 779. September 2002.
  3. ^ "Developing the Inland - The Great Western Railway to Bourke" MacKillop, Bob Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, September, 2002 pp328-340
  4. ^ "Cheers for rail plan, now let's get it moving". Sydney Morning Herald, 9/6/2005. 10 June 2005. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
  5. ^ "Blue Mountains Electrification - 50 Years Later" Miller, Stephen Australian Railway History, January, 2008 pp1-21
  6. ^ "Single Deck InterUrban cars". SETS.
  7. ^ "The future for rail- a perspective for Australia" (PDF). ATSC National Symposium. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
  8. ^ Weekly Notices 15 - 1982. State Rail Authority of NSW. 1982.
  9. ^ Weekly Notice 3 -2007. Rail Corporation of NSW. 15 January 2007.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  10. ^ "Tarana to Wallerawang Resignalling Underway'" Railway Digest April 1994 page 7
  11. ^ Main Western Line NSWrail.net
  12. ^ "Nyngan - Bourke Line Closed" Railway Digest June 1989 page 201
  13. ^ "Newnes Line". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  14. ^ "Gwabegar Line". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  15. ^ "Oberon Branch". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  16. ^ "Cadia Mine Branch". www.nswrail.net. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  17. ^ "Spring Hill Heritage Trail (Guide Brochure)" (PDF). Orange Visitor Information Centre.
  18. ^ "Iron Ore Winning at the Iron Duke, Cadia, N.S.W." Daily Commercial News and Shipping List. 16 January 1943. p. 2. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  19. ^ "Coonamble Branch". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  20. ^ "Troy Junction - Merrygoen Line". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  21. ^ "Binnaway - Werris Creek Line". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  22. ^ "Parkes - Narromine Line". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  23. ^ "Warren Branch". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  24. ^ "Cobar Branch". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  25. ^ "Brewarrina Branch". nswrail.net. Retrieved 25 November 2006.

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