The State Automobile Inspectorate (Russian: Государственная Aвтомобильная инспекция, GAI), formerly known as the Main Directorate for Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Russian: Главное управление по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения МВД России, ГУ ОБДД, GUOBDD, or Государственная инспекция безопасности дорожного движения, ГИБДД, GIBDD) is a federal law enforcement agency of Russia specializing in traffic policing. They are responsible for the regulation of traffic, investigating traffic accidents, and operating stop lights.
The Administration is part of the Public Security Service of the MVD. The Administration has patroljurisdiction over all Russian highways and roads.
History
The GAI (Russian: ГАИ, IPA:[ɡɐˈi]), short for State Automobile Inspectorate (Russian: Государственная Автомобильная Инспекция, romanized: Gosudarstvennaya Avtomobilnaya Inspektsiya), was formed on July 3, 1936. The GAI was part of the NKVD. Its tasks included: preventing accidents, keeping records of them and analyzing their causes, cleaning accident scenes, arraigning individuals responsible for accidents, developing technical standards for the operation of vehicles, supervising the preparation and education of drivers, managing the issuance of license plates, filling data sheets, and searching cars.
During the guerilla phase of the Second Chechen War, as well as during the Insurgency in the North Caucasus, traffic safety officers were regularly targeted by Pro-Ichkerian, and later Jihadist insurgents. They made up a large portion of the law enforcement and Russian government casualties, in addition to FSB, MVD, and GUOOOP members who were assassinated or otherwise killed in action.
After the dissolution of USSR, GAI was renamed GIBDD - General Administration for Traffic Safety. There were rumors from March 2017 that the GIBDD was about to be dissolved until December 2018, as part of Russian police reform and would be merged into the patrol service of the police. The Minister of Internal Affairs denied those rumors.[2]
Traffic police officer in RussiaA 1970s/80s-vintage GAZ-24 Volga, in the period squad car livery, installed as a monument in front of the Nizhny Novgorod General Administration for Traffic Safety headquarters.
Roads Patrol Service (Дорожно-патрульная служба)
Roads Inspection and Traffic organisation Service (Служба дорожной инспекции и организации движения)
Inspection and registration (Служба технического осмотра и регистрации)
Department for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety of MVD of Russia (Russian: Департамент обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения МВД России, ДОБДД) abbreviated as DOBDD, since 1994
State Inspectorate for Road Traffic Safety (Russian: Государственная Инспекция по безопасности дорожного движения, ГИбДД) abbreviated as GIBDD, since 2002
GAI (Russian: ГАИ, IPA:[ɡɐˈi]), short for State Automobile Inspectorate (Russian: Государственная Автомобильная Инспекция, romanized: Gosudarstvennaya Avtomobilnaya Inspektsiya), until 2011
DPS (Russian: ДПС), short for Road Patrol Service (Russian: Дорожно-патрульная служба, romanized: Dorozhno-patrulnaya sluzhba) - a part of the GAI/GIBDD directly responsible for patrolling the streets
