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Names
	Turkish: Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun; Ottoman Turkish: ماہ فروز خاتون

Mahfiruz Hatun
Mahfiruz Hatun
Born	c. 1590; Circassia
Died	c. 1610 (aged 19–20); Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Burial	Eyüp Cemetery, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Consort	Ahmed I
Issue	Osman II
Names
Names
	Turkish: Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun; Ottoman Turkish: ماہ فروز خاتون
Religion	Sunni Islam

Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun^[1] or Mahfiruze Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: ماه فروز خاتون, "Glorious moon" or "Daytime moon" or "Turquoise Moon"; c. 1590 - c. 1610) was a consort of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17) and the mother of his firstborn son, Sultan Osman II (r. 1618–22). She died before her son became sultan, so she never became Valide Sultan.

Biography

Due to the preeminence of Kösem Sultan during Ahmed's reign, there aren't many records about her life, but she may have been of Circassian origin,^[2] while in the past it was thought she could be Greek, hypothesis debunked when it was proven that it was based on an 18th century novel.^[3]^[2]^[4] She was Ahmed's first concubine, and on 3 November 1604 she gave birth to his firstborn, the future Osman II, making Ahmed I the youngest Ottoman sultan to have fathered a child.^[5]

Despite this, she was not given the title of Haseki Sultan, which instead was given to Kösem, the most beloved consort of Ahmed and mother of the majority of his children, which deprived Mahfiruz of all power. However, she received the title of Başkadin (mother of the Sultan's eldest living son).

She disappears from the harem records shortly after Osman was born. While it was initially believed that she was disgraced and exiled, it is now believed that she died between 1608 and 1613, and therefore she was never Valide Sultan, because her son ascended the throne only in 1618.^[5]

Indeed, records indicate that, during Osman's reign, she was not in any of the Imperial Palaces, not even in the provinces, and that the duties and salary of the Valide Sultan were instead attributed to Osman's wet nurse, the Daye Hatun.^[5]^[6]

Mahfiruze was buried in the Eyüp Cemetery, in a mausoleum built around 1610, which reinforces the theory that she died prematurely.^[7]^[5]

Her consort Ahmed I
Her son Osman II.

Issue

By Ahmed I, Mahfiruze had one son:

Osman II (3 November 1604, Istanbul, Topkapı Palace – murdered during a janissary revolt on 20 May 1622, Istanbul, Topkapı Palace, buried in the Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque).^[8]^[9] His father's firstborn and 16th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

In popular culture

In the 2015 Turkish TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, Mahfiruz is split into two different characters: Mahfiruz, played by Ceyda Olguner, who is expelled from the harem after clashing with Kösem; and Raşah (later renamed Mahfiruze) played by Dilara Aksüyek, mother of Osman II.^[6]

Annotations

^
Her name is also spelt Mahfiruz and Mâh-ı Feyrûz.^[10]
^
There was an earlier theory of her being Greek named Eudoxia,^[11] but this has been refuted, as it was based on an imaginative 18th-century French novel.^[2]^[12]

References

^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Publications. p. 238. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tezcan 2007, p. 350.
^ Necdet Sakaoğlu, Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları, 4. baskı, Sayfa: 223
^ Tezcan, Baki (2002). "The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey". International Journal of Turkish Studies. University of Wisconsin: 40. Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Baki Tezcan (13 September 2010). The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-0-521-51949-6.
^ ^a ^b Fındık, Nida (10 December 2015). "Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem". Noluyo.tv (in Turkish). Istanbul. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
^ Peirce 1993, p. 233.
^ Şefika Şule Erçetin (28 November 2016). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments:Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Springer. p. 77. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2.
^ Mustafa Çağatay Uluçay (2011). Padışahların Kadınları ve Kızları. Ötüken, Ankara. p. 78. ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.
^ Çakıroğlu, Ekrem (1999). Osmanlılar ansiklopedisi. Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık. p. 53. ISBN 978-975-08-0071-9. Hatice Mâhferūza, Mâhferūz, Mâh-e Fay'rūz (Mâh-ı Fey'rûz in Persian means Mâh=Moon and Fay'rūz=daytime shadow.)
^ İsmail Metin (2010). Osmanlı sarayında cinsel sapkınlıklar. Parşömen Yayınları. p. 179. ISBN 978-605-4452-20-0. Birinci Ahmet'in gözdelerinden ilki Evdoksia idi.
^ Tezcan, Baki (2002). "The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey". International Journal of Turkish Studies. University of Wisconsin: 40. Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85