Unlike Mac clones that contain little or no original Apple hardware, Mac conversions are essentially modification kits that require the core components of a previously purchased, genuine Apple Mac computer, such as the Macintosh ROM or the motherboard, in order to become a functional computer system.
This places the commercial production of a Mac conversion under the protection of the first-sale doctrine in the U.S. and similar legal concepts in most other countries.
Background
Since the early days of Macintosh computers, manufacturers have sought to fulfill the needs of customers who wanted to have a computer with Mac OS, but with a functionality not provided by Apple’s existing Macintosh (later called Mac) lineup.
Companies making Mac conversions start with a previously purchased, genuine Apple Mac computer, and use them in combination with their own manufactured components to assemble their custom Mac solution. Modifications can be as minor as the addition of a touch-sensitive display bezel to an otherwise factory standard iMac to create for example a kiosk system,[1][2] or as extensive as the complete replacement of a MacBook's laptop enclosure to create a Tablet Mac.[3]
Whereas Mac clones typically aim to compete directly with Apple's solutions through lower prices, commercial Mac conversions rely on offering features/solutions not available from Apple, and where the need for that particular Mac solution is high enough to justify the combined cost of the full price of the Macdonor computer plus the price of the conversion kit and labor.[4]Commercially successful Mac conversions were discontinued when Apple introduced products with competing features.[5]
Modbook – the first true Tablet Mac,[15] this Mac conversion was based on the polycarbonate white MacBook and featured a pen-enabled, but not finger-touch-sensitive screen. The Modbook retained the entire bottom half of the donorMacBookenclosure, only removing the display and the keyboard section, replacing it with the pen-enabled 13.3-inch wide-viewing-angle display in a chrome-plated cast-magnesium bezel.[16][17] Discontinued in 2010.
Founded in 1982[18] by Chuck Colby and operating out of Fresno, California, Colby Systems, Inc. launched its first Macintoshportable computer in 1987.[19] In 1991, after introducing but never shipping its final portable Mac solution, the company left the Mac conversion business to work with video technology[20] and was dissolved in 2016.[21]
Notable products include:
Lap-Mac[22] – was a Macintosh Plus converted into a 16-pound, portableMac computer with a detachable gas plasma screen allowing users to place a monitor on top of the device instead. Featuring 1MBRAM, one 800k floppy drive, and optional external battery pack, it had space for a modem and an ink-jet printer. Pricing started at $4,995 and the product was discontinued with the introduction of the company's WalkMac in 1987.
The first WalkMac[23] was a Mac conversion based upon a Mac Plus logic board, and it featured an orange plasma display. Only a mouse-pad was supplied, and a mouse, a keyboard and an external battery were needed. Special connectors on the side allowed the connection of an external FDD and/or HDD module. A collector has recently documented the acquisition and repair of one of this original WalkMac machine.[24] The WalkMac SE[25][26] and SE-30[27][28] – replacing the original WalkMac, were based on a Macintosh SE and Macintosh SE/30 respectively, and transformed the donor computers from all-in-one desktops to Macportables with 9-inch monochrome backlitLCDSupertwist displays and internal batteries. Pricing started a $5,600 for the WalkMac SE and $6,800 for the WalkMac SE-30.
Colby Classmate[29][30] – based on a Macintosh Classic and introduced in 1991, it would have been the first Mac in a tablet-like form factor with a built-in trackball and a membrane keyboard positioned under the display. However the Classmate never went into production.[31]
Dynamac EL[38] – based on the same Macintosh Plus system as the Dynamac, the EL used a black Cycolac plastic enclosure, reducing the weight to 18-pound and dropping the starting price to $6,000. It also became obsolete with the introduction of the AppleMacintosh Portable in 1989.[39] Discontinued.
Dynamac LC Display[40] – converted a Macintosh LC into a 13 ¾-pound portable Mac by attaching a 9.5-inch LCD display with 640-by-480 pixels resolution and 16 shades of grey to a Macintosh LC base system. Adding the optional battery added 2 ½ pound to the system's weight. Pricing started at $1,299 for the display kit, plus the cost of the Macintosh LC. Discontinued.
Dynamac IIsf[41] and IIsf/30[42] – this 11-pound Macportable was based on converting a Macintosh LC into a leather-cased Macportable with a built-in 9.5-inch LCD display with 640-by-480 pixels resolution and 16 shades of grey, a touchpad and an internal battery. The solution came either with the original donorMac’s 68020CPU (IIsf) starting at a price of $4,995 or an 68030CPU (IIsf/30) starting at a price of $6,995. Discontinued.
Intelitec Systems Corporation
Intelitec Systems Corporation, based out of Fairfield, Iowa, offered Macintoshportable computers from 1987[43] until 1989 when the introduction of the AppleMacintosh Portable made their product obsolete.[44]
Founded in February 2012, Modbook Inc., a privately held[46] U.S. company based out of Los Angeles, California,[47] is currently the only active Mac conversion manufacturer. The company offers mid- and high-end pen-enabled Tablet Mac solutions for creative professionals.
Modbook Pro X – initially conceived as a one-off Kickstarter project at the end of 2014,[50] the project was merged at the end of 2016[51] into the development of the company's next flagship product, the Modbook Pro X with Touch Bar. In September 2017, the company announced the end of 2017/early 2018 as the anticipated launch date[52][53] and pricing is expected to start at $2,499 plus the cost for the donor15.4-inch Retina MacBook Pro.
Outbound Systems Inc., based in Boulder, Colorado, and founded in 1989,[54] offered Macportable computer systems between 1989[55] and 1991,[56] and left the Mac conversion business in 1992 to build windows-based PC solutions.[57][58]
Notable products include:
Outbound Laptop[59][60][61] – announced in 1989, this Mac conversion came very close to being a Mac clone as Outbound manufactured the entire computer, including the motherboard, and only required the transfer of the MacROM from a Macintosh Plus or SEdonor computer. The company successfully characterized its solution as an extension of the donorMac by supporting a “hive” mode. The “lobotomized” Mac could be connected to the Outbound Laptop and started normally, using the Laptop’s MacROM and faster 15 MHz68HC000CPU. Costing between $2,999 and $3,999, depending on the options (and without accounting for the cost of the donorMac), it weighed 9.2 pounds, making it lighter and less expensive than Apple’s Macintosh Portable (15.5 pounds and $4,799 to $5,499 respectively). It was discontinued with the introduction of the Outbound Notebook in 1991.
Outbound Notebook[62][63][64] – introduced in 1991, and built like its predecessor the Outbound Laptop with only the use of a ROM from a Macintosh Plus or SEdonor, the Notebook featured a true clamshell notebook design with a 10″ Supertwist 640 x 400 pixels b&w display, a replaceable daughtercard design that allowed for easy CPU and FPU upgrades, standard 30-pin SIMMRAM memory modules, and could connect through its SCSIport to the Outbound Outrigger full-page external monochrome monitor. Pricing started at $3,500 and it was discontinued in 1992.
Sixty-Eight Thousand, Inc.
Sixty-Eight Thousand, Inc., a California corporation based out of Scotts Valley, operated between 1987[65] and 1994,[66] offering performance-enhanced tower workstation solutions for the high and top-end professional Mac market.
Dash 30fx[68] – introduced in 1990,[69][70] the Dash 30fx, using the same enclosure and Mac conversion model as the previous Dash 30, was based on the Macintosh IIfx and included additional hardware to run the 68030CPU at 50-MHz, a 25% speed increase over the unmodified donorMac. Pricing for just the enclosure and the donorMacintosh IIfx started at $11,500 and $20,470 including the basic set of performance enhancements (overclocked CPU, high-speed RAMcache, SCSI accelerator)[7]. The system was replaced by its successor, the Dash 40q in 1993.
^Sellers, Dennis (May 17, 2001). "Touchscreen system for new iBooks announced". Macworld. Touchscreens and kiosks utilizing Apple's consumer products seem to be a booming industry. Last month a company called Third Stream Media announced plans to roll out its Touch Stand retail kiosk based on iMac systems and Termimac Informations systems unveiled their own line of iMac-based information kiosk systems
^Cohen, Peter (April 26, 2001). "Termimac offers slick iMac kiosk". MacCentral Online. Archived from the original on June 4, 2001. The branded kiosks feature touchscreen-equipped iMac systems, as well.
^"Souped-up fx". Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing, Volume 05, Number 01. September 10, 1990. Archived from the original on May 23, 2006. just introduced a IIfx version of the Dash 30. For $11,500, you get a Mac IIfx (40-MHz 68030 CPU and 68882 math chip), 8 MB of high-bandwidth main memory and a 180-MB disk drive rated for 15-ms access time
^"Outbound". EveryMac.com. Retrieved September 27, 2017. Ultimately, the inexpensive, sleek and lightweight PowerBook 100, co-designed by Apple and Sony, forced Outbound out of business
^"British Leyland Motor Corp & Ors v Armstrong Patents Company Ltd & Ors". United Kingdom House of Lords Decisions. February 27, 1986. It seems to me that when one is considering machinery which is not the subject of any patent protection, it is unnecessary and may be misleading to introduce the concept of an implied licence. The owner of a car must be entitled to do whatever is necessary to keep it in running order and to effect whatever repairs may be necessary in the most economical way possible. To derive this entitlement from an implied licence granted by the original manufacturer seems to me quite artificial. It is a right inherent in the ownership of the car itself. There is an inconsistency between marketing cars and thereby creating whatever rights attach to their ownership on the one hand and acting to restrain the free exercise of those rights on the other. The law does not countenance such inconsistencies.
^"BRITISH LEYLAND MOTOR CORPORATION LTD V ARMSTRONG PATENTS CO LTD: HL 1986". Swarb.co.uk. March 22, 2017. Every owner of a car has the right to repair it. That right would be useless if suppliers of spare parts were not entitled to anticipate the need for repair. The right cannot, in my view, be withheld by the manufacturer of the car by contract with the first purchaser and cannot be withheld from any subsequent owner.
^Taub, Eric A. (June 16, 2008). "Apple Sues Psystar to Block Macintosh Clone Sales". The New York Times. On July 3, Apple filed suit in the Federal District Court for Northern California, asserting that the Florida-based company had breached its trademark agreements by selling non-Apple hardware, including servers, that could run modified versions of the Mac OS X Leopard operating system.
^"Shareholders Approve Dissolution of Axiotron, Inc"(PDF). Free-Press-Release.com. June 1, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2017. was dissolved today upon a unanimous vote by its shareholders, following foreclosure against all of its assets by its secured creditors
^"Axiotron Announces Transfer of Listing to NEX Board of TSX Venture Exchange". InvestorPoint.com. December 16, 2010. Trading in the Company's shares will remain suspended in accordance with a general cease trade order issued by the Company's principal regulator, the Ontario Securities Commission, on June 23, 2010
^Spiegelman, Lisa L. (March 30, 1987). "Developers Ready MacSE-Compatible Portables". InfoWorld Macintosh News. Colby Systems ... have plans for a Macintosh SE-compatible portable computer
^Edwards, Benj (November 23, 2012). "The unusual world of Mac prototypes". Macworld. Colby left the Macintosh development world to work with video technology.
^O'Connor, Rory J. (November 24, 1986). "Apple Backs Portable Mac By Dynamac". InfoWorld News. Dynamac said its first machines, also called Dynamac, will be available for sale early next year
^Flynn, Laurie and Krohn, Nico (January 21, 1991). "Outbound, Dynamac Show Laptops". Macintosh News. January 22, 1991 Dynamac shows Laptop{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Knight, Dan (January 14, 1991). "Dynamac IIsf and IIsf/30". LowEndMac.com. The Dynamac IIsf is a leather-cased portable with an LC motherboard and a 640 x 480 pixel, 16-gray backlit, flat-panel display. It includes a touch pad, has a battery life of three hours, and comes with 2 megabytes of RAM and a 40 megabyte hard-disk drive. The IIsf can drive Apple's 12-inch RGB and monochrome displays.
^Spiegelman, Lisa L. (March 30, 1987). "Developers Ready MacSE-Compatible Portables". InfoWorld Macintosh News. Intelitec Systems Corp. of Fairfax Iowa, have plans for a Macintosh SE-compatible portable computer
^"Modbook Inc. Completes Startup Financing". Online PR Media. March 12, 2012. a privately held company ... today announced that it has successfully secured private equity funding
^Modbook Inc. (December 31, 2016). "Questionnaire Results". Kickstarter.com. [85.4% voted to] getting the Pro X compatible with the latest Touch Bar MacBook Pro generation and fill your Kickstarter rewards with those.
^Flynn, Laurie and Krohn, Nico (January 21, 1991). "Outbound, Dynamac Show Laptops". Macintosh News. Outbound Adds Classic Support{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Lee, Yvonne (November 9, 1992). "Outbound offers network-ready PC". InfoWorld News. Outbound Systems has used its experience making Macintosh-compatible notebooks to create an Intel-based miniature computer
^"News - industry troubles". The computists' weekly. December 16, 1992. Outbound Systems Inc. (Boulder) is ceasing production.
^"Sixty-Eight Thousand, Inc, Form 10KSB, Filing Date Apr 15, 1998". secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018. In June 1994, Sixty-Eight Thousand, Inc., a company which made Macintosh compatible workstations, filed for bankruptcy protection in San Jose, California (Case No.: 94-54123)
^"Souped-up fx". Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing, Volume 05, Number 01. September 10, 1990. Archived from the original on May 23, 2006. The company has just introduced a IIfx version of the Dash 30
^Rimmer, Steve (September 1, 1991). "Review: Dash 30fx workstation". Moorshead Publications Ltd. (Canada). Retrieved September 27, 2017. Product/ Service Evaluation Magazine/ Journal article
^Littlefield, Giles (May 4, 2006). "Comment 2006/05/04". Davintosh.com. there was also a machine called the 40Q, which was an overclocked quadra 950 in a very very large case. We used to sell them as an upgrade for the quadra 950
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