Ma Qinghua

In this Chinese name, the family name is Ma.
Ma Qinghua
Ma at the 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Belgium.
NationalityChina Chinese
Born (1987-12-25) 25 December 1987 (age 37)
Shanghai, China
World Touring Car Championship career
Debut season2014
Current teamSébastien Loeb Racing
Car number30
Former teamsCitroën Total WTCC
Starts36
Wins2
Poles0
Fastest laps2
Best finish4th in 2015
Formula E career
Debut season2015–16
Car number33
Former teamsTecheetah, Team Aguri, Nio 333 FE Team
Starts14
Championships0
Wins0
Poles0
Fastest laps0
Best finish19th in 2015–16
Finished last season23rd
Previous series
2013
2011–12
2010
2009
2008
2006
2006
2005–06
2005		GP2 Series
CTCC
Superleague Formula
British F3 Championship
Spanish F3 Championship
Formula Renault 2.0 NEC
Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
A1 Grand Prix
Italian Formula 3000
Championship titles
2011
2020		CTCC 1600cc
TCR China Touring Car Championship
Citroën-Total C-Elysée WTCC 2014

Ma Qinghua (simplified Chinese: 马青骅; traditional Chinese: 馬青驊) (born 25 December 1987) is a Chinese racing driver currently competing in the World Touring Car Cup with Cyan Performance Lynk & Co.

Ma became the first Chinese driver to win an FIA World Championship race when he won race two of the 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Russia.[1] He has also previously competed in the World Touring Car Championship, GP2, a few practice sessions in Formula 1, and Formula E.

Early life

Ma was born on 25 December 1987 in Shanghai. His father, Ma Qiangyun, was the owner of a car repair shop. Ma began karting at the age of 8 and his family decided to focus all financial investments towards Ma's testing on more advanced racing tracks. Eventually, in order to make Ma's progress easier, the family invested in a karting track located in Quyang. Ma won the national karting junior championship at the age of 12.[2]

Career

Ma started his professional racing career in the 2005 Asian Formula Renault challenge with Asia Racing Team for 6 races coming 16th with the highest finish of 5th. He also competed in one race in the 2005 Italian Formula 3000 championship for team Astromega and raced in the 2006 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC championship for the same team. He also raced in the inaugural A1 Grand Prix season for Team China at the A1 Grand Prix of Nations, China at the Shanghai International Circuit, coming 17th. For the next few years he raced in European Formula 3 championships like the 2008 Spanish Formula 3 Championship and 2009 British Formula 3 championship. He then competed in the 2010 Superleague Formula in the 2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round for Team China and a year later won the China Touring Car Championship's 1600c class driver's title.

Formula One

2012

Ma was added to the HRT F1 driver development programme on 5 April 2012,[3] and made history as the first China-born driver to drive a Formula One car at an FIA-sanctioned event, a milestone described as "heralding an important step for Chinese motorsport".[4][5] Ma also became the first driver of Chinese nationality to take part in a Grand Prix weekend when he replaced Narain Karthikeyan in the first Friday practice session of the Italian Grand Prix.[6] He was given three more chances to drive the car in Friday sessions later that year.[citation needed]

2013

Ma had a contract to become a full time HRT driver in 2013, meaning he would become the first ever Chinese Formula 1 driver, however after HRT collapsed at the end of the 2012 season, this would never be and Ma instead moved to Caterham, continuing the role of Friday test driver whilst racing for their GP2 Series team for the season.[7] In 2013 Chinese Grand Prix, he replaced Charles Pic to participate in FP1 and became the first Chinese driver to drive at his home Grand Prix session, but he was about 1.5 seconds off the pace to his teammate Giedo van der Garde and out of the 107% reference time to the quickest driver in Free Practice 1. Soon after the 2013 Chinese Grand Prix, Caterham team claimed that he would be replaced by Alexander Rossi for the rest of the 2013 season. In the 2013 Bahrain GP2 Series round, Alexander Rossi made his debut GP2 Series race and took a podium finish.[citation needed]

GP2

He made his debut GP2 Series race in 2013 Sepang GP2 Series round.[8] Later in the final stint, his lap time dropped to more than 2 minutes in every lap and finished only 21st in featured race, which is the last place in classified drivers. Later he was diagnosed with gastroenteritis leading to extreme dehydration by the medical team on track at Sepang and would not start the sprint race.[9]

World Touring Car Championship

Ma raced in the 2014 World Touring Car Championship for Citroën Total WTCC driving at selected rounds in the fourth car.[10] He won the second round of the Race of Russia, becoming the first Chinese driver to win an FIA World Championship race,[11] and scored the fastest lap at the first round of the Race of China, Shanghai, ultimately coming 13th in the championship. He was given a full time seat for 2015 and won the second round of the Race of Portugal and finish 4th in the drivers championship. Despite this, he was not retained for 2016.

Formula E

In 2016, Ma replaced Salvador Duran in the 2015-16 Formula E season for Team Aguri. He retired from his first ePrix but finished the last 3 races, albeit out of the points. In the next season, Ma was signed by TeCheetah but was replaced by former Haas F1 driver Esteban Gutiérrez following a disappointing series of performances in the first three races of the season.[12]

Ma returned to Formula E in 2017 with the Nio Formula E Team for the Paris ePrix replacing Luca Filippi in a one off appearance and again in the New York ePrix replacing Oliver Turvey who was injured. He returned in 2019 to race for the Nio 333 FE Team alongside Turvey.[13] He was replaced by Daniel Abt for the Berlin rounds as travel restrictions disallowed him from traveling outside China.[14] He was not renewed for the 2020-21 Formula E World Championship by NIO 333.

TCR China

Ma competed in the 2020 TCR China series in a Geely Group Motorsport-built Lynk & Co 03 TCR. He has signed for Shell Teamwork Lynk & Co Motorsport and will partner Lu Wei in the six-event series.[15] On 21 November 2020, at the Guia Race of Macau, Ma finished second in the qualifying race of the 2020 TCR China Touring Car Championship season finale, securing the drivers’ title.[16]

FIA WTCR

On 22 February 2022, it was announced that Ma Qinghua has joined reigning world champions Lynk & Co Cyan Racing to race a Lynk & Co 03 TCR in the 2022 FIA World Touring Car Cup.[17]

Racing record

Career summary

Season Series Team Races Wins Poles F/Laps Podiums Points Position
2005 Asian Formula Renault Challenge Shangsai FRD Team 4 0 0 0 0 35 16th
Asia Racing Team 2 0 0 0 0
Italian Formula 3000 Team Astromega 1 0 0 0 0 0 NC†
2005–06 A1 Grand Prix A1 Team China 2 0 0 0 0 6 22nd‡
2006 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC Team Astromega 6 0 0 0 0 33 26th
2008 Spanish Formula 3 Championship Team West-Tec 11 0 0 0 0 0 18th
Formula 3 Spain Copa de España 11 0 0 0 2 24 7th
2009 British Formula 3 International Series - National Team West-Tec 2 0 0 0 0 10 10th
2010 Superleague Formula Team China 2 0 0 0 0 19 26th‡
2011 China Touring Car Championship - 1600cc Beijing Hyundai 8 3 4 ? ? 116 1st
2012 Formula One HRT Formula 1 Team Test driver
2013 GP2 Series Caterham Racing 1 0 0 0 0 0 35th
Formula One Caterham F1 Team Test driver
2014 World Touring Car Championship Citroën Total WTCC 10 1 0 1 2 69 13th
2015 World Touring Car Championship Citroën Total WTCC 24 1 0 1 6 241 4th
2015–16 Formula E Team Aguri 4 0 0 0 0 0 19th
2016–17 Formula E Techeetah 3 0 0 0 0 0 25th
2017 World Touring Car Championship Sébastien Loeb Racing 2 0 0 1 0 0 21st
TCR China Touring Car Championship TeamWork Motorsport 1 0 0 1 1 36 15th
TCR Asia Series 2 0 0 0 0 0 NC†
FRD LMP3 Series S&D Motorsports 6 0 0 0 0 31 13th
2017–18 Formula E Nio Formula E Team 2 0 0 0 0 0 23rd
2018 World Touring Car Cup Boutsen Ginion Racing 8 0 0 0 0 7 30th
World Rallycross Championship STARD 1 0 0 0 0 0 37th
2018–19 Formula E Nio Formula E Team Reserve driver
2019 World Touring Car Cup Team Mulsanne 30 1 0 1 4 133 16th
2019–20 Formula E Nio 333 FE Team 5 0 0 0 0 0 28th
2020 TCR China Touring Car Championship Shell Teamwork Lynk & Co Motorsport 12 4 1 6 8 154 1st
2021 TCR Asia Series Shell Teamwork Lynk & Co Motorsport 12 4 3 1 9 239 2nd
TCR China Touring Car Championship 2 0 0 0 0 0 NC†
2022 World Touring Car Cup Cyan Performance Lynk & Co 8 0 0 0 1 97 12th
2023 TCR World Tour Cyan Racing Lynk & Co 20 1 0 1 3 265 9th
TCR Europe Touring Car Series 6 0 0 0 0 0 NC†
TCR Italy Touring Car Championship 2 0 0 0 0 0 NC†
TCR South America Touring Car Championship 4 1 0 0 2 0 NC†
TCR Australia Touring Car Series 6 0 0 1 1 0 NC†
TCR China Touring Car Championship Shell Teamwork Lynk & Co Racing 2 1 0 1 2 40 12th
2024 TCR World Tour Cyan Racing Lynk & Co 14 2 0 2 4 214 8th
TCR Italy Touring Car Championship 2 0 0 0 0 0 NC†

† As Ma was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.
‡ Team point score.

Complete Asian Formula Renault Challenge results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 DC Points
2005 Shangsai FRD Team SHA1
1
24 		SHA1
2
23 		ZHU1
1
5 		ZHU1
2
Ret 		SEP
1 		SEP
2 		16th 35
Asia Racing Team ZHU2
1
9 		ZHU2
2
8 		SHA2
1 		SHA2
2 		CHE
1 		CHE
2 		MAC

Complete Italian Formula 3000 Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DC Points
2005 Team Astromega ADR VLL BRN IMO MUG MAG MNZ MIS
11 		27th 0

Complete A1 Grand Prix results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 DC Points
2005-06 China GBR
SPR
QO 		GBR
FEA
QO 		GER
SPR 		GER
FEA 		POR
SPR 		POR
FEA 		AUS
SPR 		AUS
FEA 		MYS
SPR 		MYS
FEA 		UAE
SPR 		UAE
FEA 		RSA
SPR 		RSA
FEA 		IDN
SPR 		IDN
FEA 		MEX
SPR
QO 		MEX
FEA
QO 		USA
SPR 		USA
FEA 		CHN
SPR
14 		CHN
FEA
16 		22nd 6

Complete Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DC Points
2006 Team Astromega OSC1
1 		OSC1
2 		SPA
1 		SPA
2 		NÜR
1
11 		NÜR
2
EX 		ZAN
1
17 		ZAN
2
13 		OSC2
1
16 		OSC2
2
15 		ASS
1 		ASS
2 		AND
1 		AND
2 		SAL
1 		SAL
2 		26th 33

Complete Spanish Formula Three Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 DC Points
2008 Team West-Tec JAR
1 		JAR
2 		SPA
1 		SPA
2 		ALB
1 		ALB
2 		VSC
1
15 		VSC
2
12 		VF1
12 		MAG
1
15 		MAG
2
8 		VAL
1
22 		VAL
2
14 		JER
1
8 		JER
2
7 		CAT
1
Ret 		CAT
2
14 		18th 7

Complete British Formula Three Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Class Team Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 DC Points
2009 National Team West-Tec Dallara F307 Mugen-Honda OUL
1 		OUL
2 		SIL1
1 		SIL1
2 		ROC
1 		ROC
2 		HOC
1 		HOC
2 		SNE
1 		SNE
2 		DON
1 		DON
2 		SPA
1 		SPA
2 		SIL2
1 		SIL2
2 		ALG
1 		ALG
2 		BRH
1
16 		BRH
2
Ret 		10th 10

Complete Formula One participations

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicates fastest lap)

Year Entrant Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 WDC Points
2012 HRT Formula 1 Team HRT F112 Cosworth CA2012 2.4 V8 AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN EUR GBR GER HUN BEL ITA
TD 		SIN
TD 		JPN KOR IND ABU
TD 		USA
TD 		BRA - -
2013 Caterham F1 Team Caterham CT03 Renault RS27-2013 2.4 V8 AUS MAL CHN
TD 		BHR ESP MON CAN GBR GER HUN BEL ITA SIN KOR JPN IND ABU USA BRA - -

Complete GP2 Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 DC Points
2013 Caterham Racing SEP
FEA
21 		SEP
SPR
DNS 		BHR
FEA 		BHR
SPR 		CAT
FEA 		CAT
SPR 		MON
FEA 		MON
SPR 		SIL
FEA 		SIL
SPR 		NÜR
FEA 		NÜR
SPR 		HUN
FEA 		HUN
SPR 		SPA
FEA 		SPA
SPR 		MNZ
FEA 		MNZ
SPR 		MRN
FEA 		MRN
SPR 		YMC
FEA 		YMC
SPR 		35th 0

Complete World Touring Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 DC Points
2014 Citroën Total WTCC Citroën C-Elysée WTCC MAR
1 		MAR
2 		FRA
1 		FRA
2 		HUN
1 		HUN
2 		SVK
1 		SVK
2 		AUT
1 		AUT
2 		RUS
1
6 		RUS
2
1 		BEL
1
11 		BEL
2
Ret 		ARG
1 		ARG
2 		BEI
1
15† 		BEI
2
12 		CHN
1
2 		CHN
2
5 		JPN
1 		JPN
2 		MAC
1
8 		MAC
2
Ret 		13th 69
2015 Citroën Total WTCC Citroën C-Elysée WTCC ARG
1
7 		ARG
2
6 		MAR
1
2 		MAR
2
10 		HUN
1
4 		HUN
2
9 		GER
1
5 		GER
2
Ret 		RUS
1
5 		RUS
2
5 		SVK
1
Ret 		SVK
2
Ret 		FRA
1
4 		FRA
2
3 		POR
1
6 		POR
2
1 		JPN
1
4 		JPN
2
5 		CHN
1
10† 		CHN
2
8 		THA
1
3 		THA
2
2 		QAT
1
5 		QAT
2
2 		4th 241
2017 Sébastien Loeb Racing Citroën C-Elysée WTCC MAR
1 		MAR
2 		ITA
1 		ITA
2 		HUN
1 		HUN
2 		GER
1 		GER
2 		POR
1 		POR
2 		ARG
1 		ARG
2 		CHN
1 		CHN
2 		JPN
1 		JPN
2 		MAC
1
14 		MAC
2
12 		QAT
1 		QAT
2 		21st 0

† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

Complete Formula E results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Chassis Powertrain 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pos Points
2015–16 Team Aguri Spark SRT01-e SRT01-e BEI PUT PDE BUE MEX LBH PAR
Ret 		BER
14 		LDN
11 		LDN
12 		19th 0
2016–17 Techeetah Spark SRT01-e Renault Z.E. 16 HKG
Ret 		MRK
15 		BUE
16 		MEX MCO PAR BER BER NYC NYC MTL MTL 25th 0
2017–18 Nio Formula E Team Spark SRT01-e NextEV Nio Sport 003 HKG HKG MRK SCL MEX PDE RME PAR
17 		BER ZUR NYC NYC
13 		23rd 0
2019–20 Nio 333 FE Team Spark SRT05e Nio FE-005 DIR
20 		DIR
19 		SCL
16 		MEX
Ret 		MRK
23 		BER BER BER BER BER BER 28th 0

Complete TCR China Touring Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 DC Points
2017 Teamwork Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI TCR SHA1
1
 SHA1
2
 SHA1
3
 SHA2
1
 SHA2
2
 SHA2
3
2 		ZHE
1
 ZHE
2
 ZHE
3
 NIN
1
 NIN
2
 NIN
3
 GUA
1
 GUA
2
 GUA
3
 15th 36
2020 Shell Teamwork Lynk & Co Motorsport Lynk & Co 03 TCR ZHU1
1
1 		ZHU1
2
1 		ZHU2
1
1 		ZHU2
2
2 		SHA
1
1 		SHA
2
2 		JIA1
1
2 		JIA1
2
4 		JIA2
1
Ret 		JIA2
2
5 		MAC
1
2 		MAC
2
Ret 		1st 154

Complete World Touring Car Cup results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 DC Points
2018 Boutsen Ginion Racing Honda Civic Type R TCR MAR
1 		MAR
2 		MAR
3 		HUN
1 		HUN
2 		HUN
3 		GER
1 		GER
2 		GER
3 		NED
1 		NED
2 		NED
3 		POR
1 		POR
2 		POR
3 		SVK
1 		SVK
2 		SVK
3 		CHN
1
19 		CHN
2
17 		CHN
3
DNS 		WUH
1
11 		WUH
2
12 		WUH
3
7 		JPN
1 		JPN
2 		JPN
3 		MAC
1
Ret 		MAC
2
13 		MAC
3
11 		30th 7
2019 Team Mulsanne Alfa Romeo Giulietta Veloce TCR MAR
1
Ret 		MAR
2
Ret 		MAR
3
9 		HUN
1
25 		HUN
2
11 		HUN
3
19 		SVK
1
2 		SVK
2
9 		SVK
3
1 		NED
1
21 		NED
2
25 		NED
3
21 		GER
1
21 		GER
2
22 		GER
3
15 		POR
1
14 		POR
2
2 		POR
3
8 		CHN
1
2 		CHN
2
Ret 		CHN
3
16† 		JPN
1
9 		JPN
2
23 		JPN
3
Ret 		MAC
1
Ret 		MAC
2
17 		MAC
3
22 		MAL
1
18 		MAL
2
17 		MAL
3
23 		16th 133
2022 Cyan Performance Lynk & Co Lynk & Co 03 TCR FRA
1
5 		FRA
2
3 		GER
1
C 		GER
2
C 		HUN
1
5 		HUN
2
5 		ESP
1
13 		ESP
2
6 		POR
1
5 		POR
2
6 		ITA
1
DNS 		ITA
2
DNS 		ALS
1
WD 		ALS
2
WD 		BHR
1 		BHR
2 		SAU
1 		SAU
2 		12th 97

† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

Complete FIA World Rallycross Championship results

Supercar

Year Entrant Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WRX Points
2018 Team STARD Ford Fiesta BAR POR BEL GBR
23 		NOR SWE CAN FRA LAT USA GER RSA 36th 0

Complete TCR World Tour results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 DC Points
2023 Cyan Racing Lynk & Co Lynk & Co 03 FL TCR ALG
1
6 		ALG
2
10 		SPA
1
14 		SPA
2
13 		VAL
1
9 		VAL
2
13 		HUN
1
4 		HUN
2
8 		ELP
1
9 		ELP
2
1 		VIL
1
4 		VIL
2
2 		SYD
1
2 		SYD
2
Ret 		SYD
3
9 		BAT
1
16 		BAT
2
13 		BAT
3
9 		MAC
1
7 		MAC
2
5 		9th 265
2024 Cyan Racing Lynk & Co Lynk & Co 03 FL TCR VAL
1
8 		VAL
2
9 		MRK
1
7 		MRK
2
1 		MDO
1
7 		MDO
2
2 		SAP
1
7 		SAP
2
3 		ELP
1
16 		ELP
2
7 		ZHZ
1
13 		ZHZ
2
1 		MAC
1
Ret 		MAC
2
4 		8th 214

Complete TCR Europe Touring Car Series results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Team Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 DC Points
2023 Cyan Racing Lynk & Co Lynk & Co 03 FL TCR ALG
1
6 		ALG
2
10 		PAU
1 		PAU
2 		SPA
1
14 		SPA
2
13 		HUN
1
4 		HUN
2
8 		LEC
1 		LEC
2 		MNZ
1 		MNZ
2 		CAT
1 		CAT
2 		NC‡ 0‡

‡ Driver was a World Tour full-time entry and was ineligible for points.

References

  1. ^ "RACE 2 – MA WRITES MOTORSPORT HISTORY". World Touring Car Championship. Kigema Sport Organisation. 8 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  2. ^ Liang Jinsong (18 April 2013). "中国人玩F1要烧多少钱？2亿元!". Yangcheng Evening News. Sina Corporation. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  3. ^ "HRT signs Chinese driver to development programme". ESPNF1 Staff. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  4. ^ Mallett, Tom (13 July 2012). "Who is Ma Qing Hua and why does he matter?". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  5. ^ Mallett, Tom (12 July 2012). "Bottas tops timesheets for Williams on opening morning of young driver test at Silverstone". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  6. ^ Collantine, Keith (5 September 2012). "Ma Qing Hua to drive for HRT in Monza practice". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  7. ^ "@MyCaterhamGP2 — 1 March". Twitter. Twitter, Inc. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  8. ^ Racing, Theodore (1 March 2013). "Good morning everyone. We are very excited to announce @maqinghuaF1 will be driving for Caterham Racing in @GP2_Official this season". @TheodoreRacing1. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  9. ^ "Stefano Coletti wins sprint race in Malaysia | GP 2 Series | Formula 1 news, live F1 | ESPN.co.uk". 2 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  10. ^ "Ma Qing Hua confirmed as Citroën Racing's fourth driver". TouringCarTimes. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  11. ^ Næss, Hans Erik; Tickell, Sam (30 April 2019). "Fan Engagement in Motorsports: A Case of the FIA World Rally Championship". The Journal of Media Innovations. 5 (1): 31–44. doi:10.5617/jomi.6289. hdl:1854/LU-8629822. ISSN 1894-5562.
  12. ^ "Gutierrez to Techeetah - Current E". 12 March 2017. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  13. ^ Smith, Sam. "Ma to Make Formula E Return with NIO 333 – e-racing365". e-racing365.com. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  14. ^ "Abt to contest Berlin rounds with NIO 333 after Audi dismissal". GPToday.net. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  15. ^ "Ma and Geely Group Motorsport bring WTCR-winning pedigree to TCR China". FIAWTCR.com. 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Rob Huff wins red flagged qualifying race as Ma Qing Hua claims title". TouringCarTimes. 21 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Ma Qing Hua joins Lynk & Co Cyan Racing WTCR line-up". Geely Group Motorsport. 22 February 2022.
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Campbell County, Virginia

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