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MACS0647-JD
MACS0647-JD
	Hubble Space Telescope image of MACS0647-JD
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Camelopardalis
Right ascension	06h 47m 55.73s
Declination	+70° 14′ 35.8″
Redshift	10.6±0.3
Heliocentric radial velocity	3,183,796 km/s
Distance	13.3 billion light-years (4.08 gigaparsecs) (light-travel time) ; 32 billion light-years (9.81 gigaparsecs) (comoving distance)
Group or cluster	MACS J0647+7015
Characteristics
Type	Dwarf
Number of stars	1 billion (1×109)
Size	600 ly (diameter)
Apparent size (V)	0.00015 x 0.000062
Other designations
	CZC2013 MACS0647-JD1

MACS0647-JD is a galaxy with a redshift of about z = 10.7, equivalent to a light travel distance of 13.26 billion light-years (4 billion parsecs). If the distance estimate is correct, it formed about 427 million years after the Big Bang.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Details

JD refers to J-band Dropout – the galaxy was not detected in the so-called J-band (F125W), nor in 14 bluer Hubble filters. It only appeared in the two reddest filters (F140W and F160W).

It is less than 600 light-years wide, and contains roughly a billion stars.

The galaxy was discovered with the help of Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH), which uses massive galaxy clusters as cosmic telescopes to magnify distant galaxies behind them, an effect called gravitational lensing. Observations were recorded by the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope,^[4] with support from the Spitzer Space Telescope.^[3]

The location of the galaxy is in the constellation Camelopardalis, which is also the location of the gravitational lensing cluster that helped discover this galaxy: MACSJ0647+7015 at z = 0.591.^[7]

MACS0647-JD was announced in November 2012, but by the next month UDFj-39546284, which was previously thought to be z = 10.3, was said to be at z = 11.9,^[8] although more recent analyses have suggested the latter is likely to be at a lower redshift.^[9]

Infrared NIRCam imaging of MACS0647-JD by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in September 2022 determined a photometric redshift of 10.6±0.3, in agreement with the previous Hubble estimate. Additional spectroscopic observations by JWST will be needed to accurately confirm the redshift of MACS0647-JD.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Hsiao, Tiger Yu-Yang; et al. (October 2022). "JWST reveals a possible z~11 galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647 − JD". arXiv:2210.14123 [astro-ph.GA].
^ "NASA Great Observatories Find Candidate for Most Distant Galaxy Yet Known". Space Telescope Science Institute. November 15, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Coe, Dan; Zitrin, Adi; Carrasco, Mauricio; Shu, Xinwen; Zheng, Wei; Postman, Marc; Bradley, Larry; Koekemoer, Anton; Bouwens, Rychard; Broadhurst, Tom; Monna, Anna; Host, Ole; Moustakas, Leonidas A.; Ford, Holland; Moustakas, John; Van Der Wel, Arjen; Donahue, Megan; Rodney, Steven A.; Benítez, Narciso; Jouvel, Stephanie; Seitz, Stella; Kelson, Daniel D.; Rosati, Piero (2013). "CLASH: Three Strongly Lensed Images of a Candidate z ~ 11 Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 762 (1): 32. arXiv:1211.3663. Bibcode:2013ApJ...762...32C. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/762/1/32. S2CID 119114237.
^ ^a ^b "Hubble spots three magnified views of most distant known galaxy". Hubble Space Telescope. November 15, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
^ D. Coe. Hubble Spies ...]. Astrophysical Journal. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
^ "Hubble helps find candidate for most distant object in the Universe yet observed". ESA/Hubble Press Release. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
^ "NASA Great Observatories Find Candidate for Most Distant Galaxy Yet Known". Space Telescope Science Institute. Fast Facts. November 15, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
^ Universe Today - Hubble Census Unveils Galaxies Shining Near Cosmic Dawn
^ Brammer, Gabriel B.; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Bouwens, Rychard J.; Labbé, Ivo; Franx, Marijn; Momcheva, Ivelina; Oesch, Pascal A.; Bouwens, Rychard; Broadhurst, Tom; Monna, Anna; Host, Ole; Moustakas, Leonidas A.; Ford, Holland; Moustakas, John; Arjen van der Wel; Donahue, Megan; Rodney, Steven A.; Benitez, Narciso; Jouvel, Stephanie; Seitz, Stella; Kelson, Daniel D.; Rosati, Piero (2013). "A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 mum for the z ~ 12 Candidate UDFj-39546284". The Astrophysical Journal. 765 (1): L2. arXiv:1301.0317. Bibcode:2013ApJ...765L...2B. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/l2. S2CID 119226564.
^ "Webb Surprises Astronomers with Never-Before-Seen Details of the Early Universe". October 19, 2023.

External links

Media related to MACS0647-JD at Wikimedia Commons
NASA Great Observatories Find Candidate for Most Distant Object in the Universe to Date
European Space Agency – Galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015

Preceded by UDFj-39546284	Most distant astronomical object known 2012	Succeeded by UDFj-39546284
Preceded by UDFj-39546284	Most distant galaxy known 2012	Succeeded by UDFj-39546284