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His Eminence Luigi Maria Bilio CRSP
Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary
Church	Roman Catholic Church
Appointed	18 October 1877
Term ended	30 January 1884
Predecessor	Antonio Maria Panebianco
Successor	Raffaele Monaco La Valletta
Other post(s)	Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina (1873–84) Secretary of the Commission of Roman and Universal Inquisition (1883–84)
Previous post(s)	Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Panisperna (1866–73) Prefect of the Congregation of Indulgences and Sacred Relics (1876) Prefect of the Congregation for Rites (1876–77)
Orders
Ordination	1849
Consecration	12 January 1874 by Pope Pius IX
Created cardinal	22 June 1866 by Pope Pius IX
Rank	Cardinal-Priest (1866–73) Cardinal-Bishop (1873–84)
Personal details
Born	Tommaso Francesco Bilio 25 March 1826 Alessandria, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died	30 January 1884(1884-01-30) (aged 57) Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Buried	Campo Verano
Parents	Giuseppe Bilio Maddalena Barali

Styles of Luigi Bilio
Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal
See	Sabina (suburbicarian see)

Luigi Maria Bilio CRSP (25 March 1826 – 30 January 1884), was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who, among other offices, was Secretary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office.

Bilio was born in Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy. He joined the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (Barnabites)^[1] when he was 14 years old and professed religious vows in Genoa in 1842. He was ordained in 1849 in Vercelli.

After his ordination, Bilio served as a professor of Greek and philosophy at the Collegio Ducale in Parma; and in Naples. He was a professor of philosophy, theology and canon law in Rome. He was elected Assistant Superior General of his Order. Bilio later worked as a consultor to the Congregation of the Inquisition from 1864 and for the Congregation of the Index from 1865. He had an important role in the preparation of the Syllabus of Errors and of the encyclical Quanta cura of Pope Pius IX.

Bilio was created Cardinal Priest, with the titular church of San Lorenzo in Panisperna by Pope Pius IX in the consistory of 22 June 1866.^[2] He participated in the First Vatican Council from 1869 until 1870.

Biglio was promoted to the rank of Cardinal Bishop, and the suburbicarian see of Sabina,^[3] on 22 December 1873. He was consecrated as a bishop on 12 January of the following year by Pope Pius IX. He was appointed as the Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites on 20 December 1876.

Biglio was nominated for the papacy during the conclave of 1878 but received only a handful of votes.^[3][4] The conclave elected Gioachino Pecci, who took the papal throne as Pope Leo XIII. Biglio was soon appointed as Prefect of the Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics by Pope Leo in 1878. Pope Leo also appointed him to serve as Apostolic Penitentiary on 18 October 1877, a position he held until his death. He also served as Secretary of the Holy Office from January 1883 until his death one year later.^{[citation needed]}

Biglio died in January 1884, his body lay in state in the Church of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari in Rome and was buried in the crypt of his Order in the Campo Verano cemetery.^{[citation needed]}