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Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye
Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye
	A map of the area of operations of the La Vérendrye family.
Born	November 9, 1717; Quebec
Died	15 November 1761; Atlantic Ocean
Nationality	New France
Occupation(s)	Fur trader, explorer

Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye (9 November 1717 – 15 November 1761) was a French Canadian fur trader and explorer. He, his three brothers, and his father Pierre La Vérendrye pushed trade and exploration west from the Great Lakes. He, his brother, and two colleagues are thought to be the first Europeans to have crossed the northern Great Plains and seen the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming.

Louis-Joseph Verendrye was born in Quebec.^[1] He joined the family business in 1735, leaving Montreal with his father and travelling west to Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods. He assisted in re-establishing Fort Maurepas in 1736 and building Fort La Reine in 1738. From Fort La Reine, he and his father travelled to visit the Mandan Native Americans along the Missouri River in North Dakota later that same year. In 1739 and 1740, he went north from Fort La Reine and explored Lake Winnipeg, Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis and the Saskatchewan River as far as the area of the present day The Pas.^[2]

Rocky Mountains journey

In 1743–1744, he may have travelled southwest to what was probably Wyoming and came within sight of the Rocky Mountains. The documentation is poor and it may have been a different Vérendrye brother who made the journey.

Commandant posts

By late 1743, Louis-Joseph's father, Pierre La Vérendrye, was forced to resign as commandant of the poste de l’Ouest. The new commandant, Nicolas-Joseph de Noyelles de Fleurimont, retained the services of La Vérendrye's sons during his tenure, which began in 1744. Louis-Joseph was post commander at three posts, the most important one being Fort Kaministiquia.

The elder La Vérendrye again became western commandant in 1747, while Louis-Joseph returned to New France with Noyelles. He provided services to both Noyelles and Governor Beauharnois while expecting and intending to rejoin his father at the western posts. Before he made that return, his father returned east and died in 1749. Louis-Joseph spent the next several years settling his father's financial affairs, and subsequently entered into partnership with Luc de la Corne in the fur trade. His brother François was an interpreter for the partnership.

The claim that he reached the Saskatchewan River Forks in 1749 may be false.^[3]

In 1756, Louis-Joseph obtained a three-year appointment as commandant of the poste de l'Ouest. He carried out this enterprise through agents, as he was personally involved in military matters during the Seven Years' War. He was succeeded as western commander in 1758 by Charles-René Dejordy de Villebon. After the conquest of Quebec he died while returning to France, when his ship, the Auguste, sank off Cape Breton.

In popular culture

A fictionalized version of de la Vérendrye appears in the 2014 video game Assassin's Creed Rogue, where he is a member of the Colonial Brotherhood of Assassins.^[4] He is introduced as a supporting character with an antagonistic relationship with protagonist Shay Cormac, whom he consistently belittles and refers to as a 'cabbage farmer', and is known for his short temper and brusque and egotistical attitude. Following Shay's defection to the Templars, de la Vérendrye takes on the role of an antagonist, and in the penultimate mission of the game, is hunted down by Shay, Haytham Kenway, and James Cook for his maps leading to the Precursor sites the Assassins and Templars seek. After cornering him off the coast of Newfoundland, Shay boards de la Vérendrye's ship, Le Gerfaut, and mortally wounds him before throwing him overboard to his death.

References

Champagne, Antoine (1974). "Gaultier de La Vérendrye, Louis-Joseph". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
Champagne, Antoine (1968–1969). "The Vérendryes and Their Successors, 1727-1760". MHS Transactions. Series 3 (25). Manitoba Historical Society.
Heidenreich, C.E. (June 15, 2015). "Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada.
Grace Flandrau, The Verendrye Overland Quest Of the Pacific, has a translation of his journal.
Smith, George Hubert (1980) [1951]. W. Raymond Wood (ed.). The Explorations of the La Vérendryes in the Northern Plains, 1738-43. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-4712-3. has a translation of the journal with commentary.

Notes

^ Antoine Champagne, "GAULTIER DE LA VÉRENDRYE, LOUIS-JOSEPH," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3
^ Champagne, Antoine (1974). "Gaultier de a Vérendrye, Louis-Joseph". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
^ Arthur Morton,"A History of the Canadian West", circa 1936, page 230 - a standard reference - has him reaching the forks in 1749. This is repeated in several books. The Dictionary of Canadian Biography has him in Montreal at that time, but has him on the Saskatchewan in 1739. 1749 looks like a misprint. Further the DCB has him in 1739 reaching a 'fork' somewhere northwest of Cedar Lake. The whole matter needs to be checked by an expert.
^ Giasi, Raffaele (26 October 2017). "Assassin's Creed: Tutta la storia della saga – Parte 3". Stay Nerd (in Italian). Retrieved 20 May 2019.