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Hundreds of songs, books, motion pictures, radio and television programs, and plays have been inspired by the story of the outlaw Billy the Kid.^[1] Depictions of him in popular culture have fluctuated between a cold-blooded murderer without a heart and a sentimental hero fighting for justice.^[2] The Texas historian, J. Frank Dobie, wrote many years ago in A Vaquero of the Brush Country (1929): "...Billy the Kid will always be interesting, will always appeal to the popular imagination".^[3] While a plethora of writers and filmmakers have depicted Billy the Kid as the personification of either heroic youth or juvenile punk,^[4] a few have attempted to portray a more complex character.^[5] In any case, the dramatic aspects of his short life and violent death still appeal to popular taste,^[6] and he remains an icon of teenage rebellion and nonconformity.^[7] The mythologizing of his story continues with new works in various media.^[8]^[9]

Comics

Billy the Kid Adventure Magazine (1950–1955)^[10]
Billy the Kid (1957–1983)
Billy the Kid (1962)
L'Escorte (1966)
Billy the Kid's Old Timey Oddities (2005)
The True Death of Billy the Kid (2018)

Literature

El asesino desinteresado Bill Harrigan (1935), a short story by Jorge Luis Borges, part of the series A Universal History of Infamy
The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid (1882), a biography and partly first-hand account written by Pat Garrett, sheriff of Lincoln County, New Mexico
Billy The Kid (1958), a serial poem by Jack Spicer^[11]
Billy the Kid: A Short and Violent Life (1989), a modern, comprehensive biography by Robert Utley^[12]
El bandido adolescente (1965), by Ramón J. Sender.^[13]
The Collected Works of Billy the Kid: Left-Handed Poems, by Michael Ondaatje, 1970 biography in the form of experimental poetry^[14]
The Illegal Rebirth of Billy the Kid (1991) is a science fiction novel by Rebecca Ore^[15]
Anything for Billy (1988) is a fictionalized account of Billy's last year by Larry McMurtry^[16]
The Kid (2016), a novel of Billy the Kid's life by Ron Hansen^[17]
Whatever Happened to Billy the Kid, by Helen Airy, Sunstone Press; 1st Edition (2005), ISBN 978-0865341852. In it Billy the Kid escapes from Pat Garrett and lives out his life as John Miller^[18]^[19]

Film

Billy the Kid, a 1911 silent film directed by Laurence Trimble and starring Edith Storey as Billy, and Tefft Johnson^[20]
The Adventures of Billy, another 1911 silent film this time directed by D. W. Griffith, Starring: Edna Foster^[21]

Note that both 1911 films portrayed Billy as a girl impersonating a boy.

Billy the Kid, 1930 widescreen film directed by King Vidor and starring Johnny Mack Brown as Billy and Wallace Beery as Pat Garrett^[22]
Billy the Kid Returns, 1938: Roy Rogers plays a dual role, Billy the Kid and his dead-ringer lookalike who shows up after the Kid has been shot by Pat Garrett.^[23]
Billy the Kid, 1941 remake of the 1930 film, starring Robert Taylor and Brian Donlevy^[24]
Bob Steele and Buster Crabbe portrayed Billy the Kid in a series of 42 western films from 1940 through 1947, released by Poverty Row studio Producers Distributing Corporation. Some of the titles include Blazing Frontier, The Renegade, Cattle Stampede, and Western Cyclone (1943).^[25] In a 1952 film, Allan "Rocky" Lane goes after Billy the Kid's lost treasure.^[26]
The Outlaw, Howard Hughes' 1943 motion picture starring Jack Buetel as Billy and featuring Jane Russell in her breakthrough role as the Kid's fictional love interest^[27]^[28]
I Shot Billy the Kid, a 1950 film directed by William Berke and starring Don "Red" Barry as Billy^[29]
The Kid from Texas (1950) starring Audie Murphy as Billy the Kid^[30]
The Law vs. Billy the Kid (1954, Columbia Pictures Corporation) starring Scott Brady as the Kid, James Griffith as Pat Garrett, Betta St. John as Nita Maxwell, and Alan Hale, Jr. as Bob Olinger^[31]^[32]
The Left Handed Gun, Arthur Penn's 1958 motion picture based on a Gore Vidal teleplay, starring Paul Newman as Billy and John Dehner as Garrett^[33]^[34]
The Boy from Oklahoma (1954), with Tyler MacDuff in the role of Billy the Kid^[35]
Billy the Kid Versus Dracula (1966), directed by William Beaudine, has Count Dracula, played by John Carradine, traveling to the Old West, where he takes a shine to Billy's fiancée and tries to turn her into a vampire. Chuck Courtney co-stars as Billy.^[36]^[37]
Chisum (1970), set during the Lincoln County War, was directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and stars Geoffrey Deuel as Billy and Glenn Corbett as Pat Garrett.^[38]
Dirty Little Billy (1972), set during Billy's early years as a criminal, starred Michael J. Pollard^[39]
Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, Sam Peckinpah's 1973 motion picture with Kris Kristofferson as Billy, James Coburn as Pat Garrett, and with a soundtrack by Bob Dylan, who also appears in the movie^[40]
The New Morning of Billy the Kid (1986), a Japanese absurdist comedy directed by Naoto Yamakawa
Young Guns, Christopher Cain's 1988 motion picture starring Emilio Estevez as Billy and Patrick Wayne as Pat Garrett^[41]
Gore Vidal's Billy the Kid, Gore Vidal's 1989 television film starring Val Kilmer as Billy and Duncan Regehr as Pat Garrett^[42]
Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure, a 1989 film, which included several historical figures traveling through time, including Billy the Kid, who was portrayed by Dan Shor.
Young Guns II, Geoff Murphy's 1990 motion picture starring Emilio Estevez as Billy and William Petersen as Pat Garrett^[43]
Purgatory, Uli Edel's 1999 made-for-TV movie starring Donnie Wahlberg as Deputy Glen/Billy The Kid^[44]
Requiem for Billy the Kid, Anne Feinsilber's 2006 motion picture starring Kris Kristofferson^[45]
Birth of a Legend, a 2011 film in two parts based on Frederick Nolan's book The Lincoln County War: A Documentary History directed by Andrew Wilkinson^[46]
The Kid, a 2019 film directed by Vincent D'Onofrio and starring Dane DeHaan as Billy the Kid.^[47]
Old Henry, a 2021 film directed by Potsy Ponciroli and starring Tim Blake Nelson as Henry McCarty. The film posits Billy returned to his birth name after surviving the supposed assassination.

Music

"Billy the Kid" is a western folk song in the public domain, which was published in John A. Lomax and Alan Lomax's American Ballads and Folksongs album,^[48] and also their Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads album.^[49] Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.^[50] The song's lyrics perpetuate several myths about the Kid, such as his exaggerated kill count of "twenty-one men" and the suggestion that Pat Garrett had known him as a friend.
There have been many recordings of this song, including versions by the Sons of the Pioneers (1937), Woody Guthrie (1940, recorded by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress #3412 B₂), Tex Ritter (1945), and Marty Robbins (1959, on his Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs album).^[51]
Woody Guthrie later used the same melody for his song "So Long, it's Been Good to Know You". He also recorded it in 1944 for Moe Asch's Asch/Folkways label (MA67).^[52]
Bob Dylan's album Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, soundtrack of the 1973 film by Sam Peckinpah.^[40]
"The Ballad of Billy the Kid", song sung by Billy Joel on the 1973 Piano Man album.
Charlie Daniels recorded the song "Billy the Kid" on his 1976 album High Lonesome.^[53] Chris LeDoux also covered the song on his album Haywire.^[54]
Joe Ely recorded the song "Me and Billy the Kid" on his 1987 album Lord of the Highway.^[55]
Running Wild recorded the song "Billy the Kid" on their 1991 album Blazon Stone.^[56]
Tom Petty wrote the song "Billy the Kid", released on his 1999 album Echo.^[57]
Dia Frampton's "Billy the Kid," on the 2011 album Red.^[58]
Jon Bon Jovi's album, Blaze of Glory, was used as part of the soundtrack for Young Guns II.^[59]
Ry Cooder recorded the folk song "Billy the Kid", on the album Into The Purple Valley,^[60] with his own melody and instrumental. It was also on Ry Cooder Classics Volume II.^[61]
The Heavy Horses recorded Billy the Kid's legend in their song "Anyone Can Tell" on their debut album, Murder Ballads & Other Love Songs.
"Las Cruces Jail", a 2005 song by Two Gallants, is about Billy the Kid's imprisonment.
Dutch girl group Luv’ recorded a song entitled “Billy The Kid”, on their 1981 album Forever Yours.

Stage

Billy the Kid, 1906 Broadway play co-written by Joseph Santley and Walwin (Walter) Woods.^[62]
Aaron Copland's Billy the Kid, music and ballet that premiered in 1938.^[63]
Michael McClure's 1965 play The Beard recounts a fictional meeting between Billy the Kid and Jean Harlow.^[64]
Ben Morales Frost and Richard Hough's 2017 musical, Billy The Kid for the National Youth Music Theatre.
Michael Ondaatje's 1973 play, The Collected Works of Billy the Kid.^[65]

Radio

The first episode of the Gunsmoke radio series, broadcast on April 2, 1952 and titled "Billy the Kid", purports to tell of Billy's first murder as a runaway boy and credits Matt Dillon with giving him the "Billy the Kid" moniker.^[66]
The CBS radio series Crime Classics told the story of Billy the Kid in its October 21, 1953 episode (#17) titled "Billy Bonney – Bloodletter". The episode featured Sam Edwards as Billy the Kid and William Conrad as Pat Garrett.^[67]

Television

Richard Jaeckel played The Kid in the 1954 episode "Billy the Kid" of the syndicated television series Stories of the Century.^[68]
The NBC series The Tall Man ran from 1960 to 1962, starring Clu Gulager as Billy the Kid and Barry Sullivan as Pat Garrett.^[69]
Robert Vaughn starred as Billy the Kid in a 1957 episode ("Billy the Kid") of the series Tales of Wells Fargo.
Billy, the kid is portrayed as an anthropomorphic goat from the 1961 -1962 television series The New Adventures Of Pinocchio Directed by Arthur rankin Jr and Jules bass. And was voiced by Paul Kligman.
Andrew Prine portrayed Billy the Kid in "The Outlaw and the Nun," a 1963 episode of The Great Adventure, which dramatized the Kid's acquaintance with Sister Blandina, a Catholic Sister of Charity who did missionary work in New Mexico, played by Joan Hackett.
Robert Blake starred as Billy the Kid in the 1966 Death Valley Days episode "The Kid from Hell's Kitchen".^[70] Tom Heaton also starred as Billy the Kid in season 16, episode "Lost Sheep in Trinidad".
Robert Walker Jr. starred as Billy the Kid in the 1967 episode "Billy the Kid" of the Irwin Allen science fiction series The Time Tunnel.^[71]
Billy the Kid is portrayed as a zombie in the 2002 Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror XIII"
American Experience season 24 episode "Billy the Kid", aired on PBS January 9, 2012.^[72]
Jor-el Vaasborg starred as Billy the Kid in the 2015 National Geographic TV documentary Billy the Kid: New Evidence, narrated by Kevin Costner.
Derek Chariton starred as Billy the Kid in the 2016 AMC documentary The American West, narrated by Bert Thomas Morris.
Billy the Kid was among fifteen historical and mythological figures portrayed in the 2016 tokusatsu show Kamen Rider Ghost. He was voiced by Tomokazu Seki.
Billy the Kid starring Tom Blyth as the Kid, a television drama series based on the life of Billy the Kid, premiered on April 24, 2022 on Epix, later MGM+. The series completed season 2 and aired 16 episodes. ^[73]

Video games

In the mobile game Fate/Grand Order, Billy the Kid is an Archer-class Servant who debuted as an ally in the 5th chapter of the main story.^[74]^[75]
In Call of Juarez: Gunslinger Billy the Kid is one of the allies of the main character Silas Greaves and is rescued by him.^[76]^[77]
In Zenless Zone Zero, Billy Kid is a playable combat android and part of the Cunning Hares faction. He was named by his previous cowboy-centric boss.^[78]
Billy the Kid appears as the Scout for the original RED team in Team Fortress 2.^[79]

References

^ Jon Tuska (2004). David J. Wishart (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. U of Nebraska Press. p. 446. ISBN 0-8032-4787-7.
^ Margaret K. Reid (2004). Cultural Secrets as Narrative Form: Storytelling in Nineteenth-century America. Ohio State University Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8142-0947-9.
^ J. Frank Dobie; John D. Young (1 August 1998). A Vaquero of the Brush Country: The Life and Times of John D. Young. University of Texas Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-292-78704-9.
^ Joseph Natoli (8 February 2007). This Is a Picture and Not the World: Movies and a Post-9/11 America. State University of New York Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7914-7028-2.
^ Frederick Nolan (20 October 2014). The Billy the Kid Reader. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8061-8254-4.
^ Stephen Tatum (1 January 1982). Inventing Billy the Kid: Visions of the Outlaw in America, 1881–1981. University of New Mexico Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-8263-0610-4.
^ Michael Wallis (2007). Billy the Kid: The Endless Ride. W.W. Norton & Company. p. xvi. ISBN 978-0-393-06068-3.
^ Christopher R. Fee, Jeffrey B. Webb, ed. (31 August 2016). American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore (3 Volumes). ABC-CLIO. pp. 145–146. ISBN 978-1-61069-568-8.
^ Richard W. Slatta (2001). The Mythical West: An Encyclopedia of Legend, Lore, and Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-57607-151-9.
^ Mike Conroy (2003). 500 Great Comic Book Action Heroes. Barron's. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-7641-2581-2.
^ Jack Spicer (1959). Billy the Kid. Enkidu Surrogate. ASIN B0006DZHUY. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
^ Utley, Robert M. (1989). Billy the Kid: A Short and Violent Life. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-9558-8
^ Urrero Peña, Guzmán. "El bandido adolescente". Centro Virtual Cervantes (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 January 2019.
^ Van Wart, Alice. "The Evolution of Form in Machael Ondaatje's The Collected Works of Billy the Kid and Coming Through Slaughter". Western University. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
^ Ore, Rebecca (1991). The Illegal Rebirth of Billy The Kid. Tom Doherty Associates. ISBN 978-0812506723.
^ "Anything for Billy by Larry McMurtry – Reviews, Discussions, Bookclubs, Lists". Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
^ Hagy, Alyson (November 18, 2016). "Billy the Kid: The Novel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
^ Airy, Helen (1993). Whatever Happened to Billy the Kid. Sunstone Press. ISBN 0865341850.
^ "Billy the Kid – Along the Ancient Way".
^ "Billy the Kid". SilentEra.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ THE ADVENTURES OF BILLY (1911) – Biograph, D.W. Griffith – YouTube
^ Wallis, Michael (2007). Billy the Kid: The Endless Ride. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-393-06068-3. OCLC 77270750. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ "Billy The Kid Returns". Amazon. April 5, 2010. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ "Billy the Kid (1941)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Rowan, Terry (2013). The American Western: A Complete Film Guide. Lulu.com. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-300-41858-0.
^ Boggs, Johnny D. Billy the Kid on Film, 1911–2012. McFarland
^ "The Outlaw (1943) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ "Howard Hughes: The Outlaw (1943)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ "I Shot Billy the Kid (1950)". Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ "The Kid from Texas – Movie No. 4". audiemurphy.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Law vs. Billy the Kid (1954) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
^ "The Law vs. Billy the Kid (1954)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Left Handed Gun (1958) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
^ "The Left Handed Gun (1958)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Boy from Oklahoma (1954)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula (1966) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
^ "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Chisum (1970)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Dirty Little Billy – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Young Guns (1988) – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ Goodman, Walter (May 10, 1989). "Vidal Draws a Bead on Good-Bad Old Billy the Kid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Young Guns II (1990) – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Purgatory (1999)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Requiem for Billy the Kid (2007) – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Birth of a Legend: Billy the Kid & the Lincoln County War (2011)". Amazon. 11 February 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Vincent D'Onofrio Taps 'Valarian's Dane DeHaan to Play Billy the Kid in Suretone Western". Deadline. 2017-07-19. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
^ MacMillan, (1934), p. 137
^ MacMillan, (1938), pp. 140–141. From Jim Marby, recorded in 1911, Library of Congress E659098.
^ Western Writers of America (2010). "The Top 100 Western Songs". American Cowboy. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
^ "Marty Robbins Billy the Kid (2:19)". Last FM. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Liner notes: Woody Guthrie / Buffalo Skinners: The Asch Recordings Vol 4 / Number 3: Billy the Kid" (PDF). Smithsonian Folkways. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
^ "Billy The Kid (Album Version) The Charlie Daniels Band From the Album High Lonesome". Amazon. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ Dillon, Charlotte. "Chris LeDoux – Haywire". AllMusic. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Joe Ely 'Me and Billy the Kid'". Amazon. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Little Big Horn – Running Wild; "Billy the Kid"". Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Billy The Kid". Metro Lyrics. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Billy The Kid Lyrics". Metro Lyrics. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ Ruhlmann, William. "Jon Bon Jovi – Blaze of Glory". AllMusic. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ 1972 Reprise K44142
^ Japan 1992 P-Vine PCD 2541
^ "Billy the Kid on stage". The Post-Standard (Syracuse, New York) April 12, 1907. April 12, 1907. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016.
^ Walter Terry, Ballet Guide, 1976, p. 57
^ "First NYC major revival of 'The Beard' by Michael McClure". New York Theatre Wise. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ Weeks, Jerome (January 1998). "Outlaw By Ondaatje". American Theatre. 15 (1): 12.
^ Gunsmoke radio show "Billy the Kid", first broadcast May 26, 1952
^ "The Crime Classics Radio Program". The Digital Deli. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ Hutton, Paul Andrew (April 1, 2007). "Dreamscape Desperado: Who remembers Billy the Kid? – "Cinematic Excess"". True West Magazine. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Tall Man – NBC (ended 1962)". TV.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Kid from Hell's Kitchen". TV.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "The Time Tunnel (TV show) – Season 1, Episode 22 Billy the Kid". TV Guide. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ "Video: Billy the Kid – Watch American Experience Online". PBS Video. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (May 4, 2021). "'Billy the Kid' Series From Michael Hirst Ordered By Epix". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
^ Dennison, Kara (March 8, 2018). ""Fate/Grand Order" Explores Early America in Fifth Singularity". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
^ Green, Scott (March 9, 2017). "Hold Onto Your Breastplate, A Male King Arthur Has Joined "Fate/Grand Order"". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
^ Savage, Phil (March 7, 2013). "Call of Juarez: Gunslinger teaser shows the Wild West's reflective side". PC Gamer. Future US, Inc. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
^ Rath, Robert (July 25, 2013). "History and Legend in Call of Juarez: Gunslinger". Escapist Magazine. Defy Media, LLC. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
^ 1080p Robo Rodeo | Zenless Zone Zero Billy Character Teaser, miHoYo, November 18, 2023, retrieved February 2, 2024
^ "Non-Player Characters on the Team Fortress 2 Wiki".

External links

[Wishart2004-1] Jon Tuska (2004). David J. Wishart (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. U of Nebraska Press. p. 446. ISBN 0-8032-4787-7.

[Reid2004-2] Margaret K. Reid (2004). Cultural Secrets as Narrative Form: Storytelling in Nineteenth-century America. Ohio State University Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8142-0947-9.

[DobieYoung1998-3] J. Frank Dobie; John D. Young (1 August 1998). A Vaquero of the Brush Country: The Life and Times of John D. Young. University of Texas Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-292-78704-9.

[Natoli2007-4] Joseph Natoli (8 February 2007). This Is a Picture and Not the World: Movies and a Post-9/11 America. State University of New York Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7914-7028-2.

[Nolan2014-5] Frederick Nolan (20 October 2014). The Billy the Kid Reader. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8061-8254-4.

[Tatum1982190-6] Stephen Tatum (1 January 1982). Inventing Billy the Kid: Visions of the Outlaw in America, 1881–1981. University of New Mexico Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-8263-0610-4.

[Wallis2007-7] Michael Wallis (2007). Billy the Kid: The Endless Ride. W.W. Norton & Company. p. xvi. ISBN 978-0-393-06068-3.

[FeeWebb2016-8] Christopher R. Fee, Jeffrey B. Webb, ed. (31 August 2016). American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An Encyclopedia of American Folklore (3 Volumes). ABC-CLIO. pp. 145–146. ISBN 978-1-61069-568-8.

[Slatta2001-9] Richard W. Slatta (2001). The Mythical West: An Encyclopedia of Legend, Lore, and Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-57607-151-9.

[Conroy2003-10] Mike Conroy (2003). 500 Great Comic Book Action Heroes. Barron's. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-7641-2581-2.

[11] Jack Spicer (1959). Billy the Kid. Enkidu Surrogate. ASIN B0006DZHUY. Retrieved January 30, 2016.

[12] Utley, Robert M. (1989). Billy the Kid: A Short and Violent Life. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-9558-8

[13] Urrero Peña, Guzmán. "El bandido adolescente". Centro Virtual Cervantes (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 January 2019.

[14] Van Wart, Alice. "The Evolution of Form in Machael Ondaatje's The Collected Works of Billy the Kid and Coming Through Slaughter". Western University. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2016.

[15] Ore, Rebecca (1991). The Illegal Rebirth of Billy The Kid. Tom Doherty Associates. ISBN 978-0812506723.

[16] "Anything for Billy by Larry McMurtry – Reviews, Discussions, Bookclubs, Lists". Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2016.

[17] Hagy, Alyson (November 18, 2016). "Billy the Kid: The Novel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2017.

[18] Airy, Helen (1993). Whatever Happened to Billy the Kid. Sunstone Press. ISBN 0865341850.

[19] "Billy the Kid – Along the Ancient Way".

[20] "Billy the Kid". SilentEra.com. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.

[21] THE ADVENTURES OF BILLY (1911) – Biograph, D.W. Griffith – YouTube

[22] Wallis, Michael (2007). Billy the Kid: The Endless Ride. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-393-06068-3. OCLC 77270750. Retrieved November 21, 2017.

[23] "Billy The Kid Returns". Amazon. April 5, 2010. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.

[24] "Billy the Kid (1941)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.

[25] Rowan, Terry (2013). The American Western: A Complete Film Guide. Lulu.com. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-300-41858-0.

[26] Boggs, Johnny D. Billy the Kid on Film, 1911–2012. McFarland

[27] "The Outlaw (1943) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[28] "Howard Hughes: The Outlaw (1943)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.

[29] "I Shot Billy the Kid (1950)". Archived from the original on February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.

[30] "The Kid from Texas – Movie No. 4". audiemurphy.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[31] "The Law vs. Billy the Kid (1954) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.

[32] "The Law vs. Billy the Kid (1954)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[33] "The Left Handed Gun (1958) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2016.

[34] "The Left Handed Gun (1958)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[35] "The Boy from Oklahoma (1954)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[36] "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula (1966) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2016.

[37] "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[38] "Chisum (1970)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[39] "Dirty Little Billy – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[patandbilly-40] "Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973)". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[41] "Young Guns (1988) – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[42] Goodman, Walter (May 10, 1989). "Vidal Draws a Bead on Good-Bad Old Billy the Kid". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[43] "Young Guns II (1990) – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[44] "Purgatory (1999)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

[45] "Requiem for Billy the Kid (2007) – overview". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2016.

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