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The Gulf of Naples was a particular locus of the development of Roman villas from roughly 50 BCE to 200 CE, where they were built as retreats and status symbols by senators and the like.[4] Of the many villas of this era discovered in Boscoreale, Naples, buried in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that also buried Pompeii, one now visible is the Villa Regina.[5] That was a villa rustica – a rustic villa, as distinguished from a villa urbana, which would have been grander.[6][7] The work of John D'Arms and particularly his book Romans on the Bay of Naples have been important in understanding the history and nature of the Roman Villa.[8] In the Gulf of Naples, well-preserved examples include the Villa of the Papyri, Villa Poppaea, and, at Stabiae, Villa Arianna A and B and Villa San Marco.[9]
^Yvonne Carbonaro, Luigi Cosenza, Le Ville di Napoli, Venti secoli di architettura e di arte, dalle colline del Vomero e Capodimonte fino alla splendida fascia costiera e alle magnifiche isole, Newton e Compton, 2008 Roma, ISBN978-88-541-1261-2
^Legler, Rolf (1990). Der Golf von Neapel (in German). Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN3-7701-2254-2.
