The sugar industry is an important industry in Australia. In 2024, it was valued at $2.5 billion per annum. Requiring a hot climate and plenty of water, sugarcane is predominantly grown in Queensland with some in northern New South Wales. Sugar is the second largest agricultural export from Queensland.[1] Over 4000 sugar cane farms produce 32-35 million tonnes of sugar cane each year, from which 4-4.5 million tonnes of raw sugar is extracted at sugarcane mills. At 2011, there were 24 sugar mills in Australia, ranging from Mossman in Queensland to Grafton in New South Wales. Mackay Region is known for its five locally owned mills. Altogether they produce enough sugar to support Central Queensland and Northern Queensland. They range from Racecourse Sugar Mill, Farleigh Mill, Marian Mill, Proserpine Mill and Sarina Sugar Shed.[2] Queensland's first industrial-scale sugar plantation commenced in Moreton Bay in 1864.[3]
List of operating sugar mills in Queensland
This is a list of the sugar cane mills in Queensland, ordered from north to south.
Operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. The Macknade mill crushes an average of 1.5 million tonnes of sugarcane a year, to manufacture about 191,000 tonnes of raw sugar.[10]
Operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. The factory crushes an average of three million tonnes of sugarcane a year to manufacture about 400,000 tonnes of raw sugar, making it the largest mill in Australia. It is located about 3km east of Ingham. [10]
Operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. The Invicta Sugar Mill produced 440,000 tonnes of raw sugar from about 3 Mt sugar cane in 2022.[10] It was located near the Kolan River in Bucca in the Bundaberg Region but was relocated to Giru in 1919 with the same name.[11][12]
Operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. Maximum output 2.07 million tonnes in 2011.[9] In 2022, the Inkerman Sugar Mill produced 260,000 tonnes of raw sugar from about 1.7 Mt sugar cane.[10]
Operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. The mill crushes an average of 1.7 million tonnes of sugarcane a year, to manufacture about 240,000 tonnes of sugar. [10]
Owned by Mackay Sugar Limited (MSL). Sugar refining for MSL is mainly done at the Racecourse location, where MSL operates a refinery together with a partner. It produces about 400,000 tonnes of refined white sugar annually sold under the CSR label. [16]
Operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. It crushes an average of 1.2 million tonnes of sugarcane a year, to manufacture about 180,000 tonnes of raw sugar.[10]
Operated by Bundaberg Sugar.[18] Millaquin Mill has an annual crushing capacity of 1.1 million tonnes of cane and produces more than 175,000 tonnes of raw sugar per crushing season.[17]
The mill commenced operation in 1879 and remains a locally owned company.[20][21] The Mill processes 1,505,400 tonnes of cane for the production of 223,874 tonnes of raw sugar.[19]
Poor roads and limited transport options meant that there were once many local sugar mills in Queensland. With improved transport options, many of these smaller mills closed and only the larger more economic mills remain. This list is likely to be incomplete as many mills were small and operated only for a short period leaving few records. They are ordered from north to south, although in some cases the location is not known very accurately.
First sugar mill in North Queensland, opened in August 1881, and initially owned and operated by the Hop Wah Company of Chinese investors and managed by Andrew Leon[31]
Opened in 1883, probably located at the end of Goondi Mill Road near the Johnstone River. Closed in 1987 after being taken over by Bundaberg Sugar.[34]
Opened in 1883, it operated until it was damaged in Cyclone Larry in March 2006 (see photo). After the cyclone it operated intermittently and closed permanently later in 2006.[35]
Originally known as the Defiance, the North Eton Central Mill commenced crushing sugarcane in 1888.[40] It was the first sugar mill sponsored by the Queensland Government. In 1989, a number of sugar mills in the district merged to Mackay Sugar Limited, resulting in the closure of the North Eton mill.[41]
Operated from 1868 to 1884. When originally constructed, it was the largest sugar mill in Queensland.[45] It was named after Princess Alexandra of Denmark who married Prince Edward (later King Edward VII) of Great Britain on 10 March 1863.[46]
The Mount Bauple sugar mill was established in 1896;[60] it was the largest in the district. There were cane tramways to deliver the harvested sugarcane to the mill at 26 Mill Street.[61][62] The mill closed in 1951, as the sugarcane was then being sent to mills in Nambour and Maryborough.[63][64][65] The plans for the sugar mill are held at State Library of Queensland.[66]
^"Edmonton". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
^"Goondi". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
^"Mourilyan". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
^"Early North Eton". Daily Mercury. Vol. 71, no. 299. Queensland, Australia. 16 December 1937. p. 13. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^Mills, John Henry, 1851–1919 (1895), North Eton Central Mill, Mackay Regional Council, archived from the original on 4 March 2021, retrieved 13 March 2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"Finch Hatton". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
^ ab"Hemmant". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
Further reading
Kerr, John; Mackay Sugar Co-operative Association (1991), Top mill in the valley : Cattle Creek Sugar Mill, Finch Hatton, 1906-1990, Boolarong Publications with Mackay Sugar Co-operative Association Limited, ISBN978-0-646-06298-3
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