List of people burned as heretics
This is a list of people burned after being deemed heretics by different Christian Churches . The list does not attempt to encompass the list of those executed by burning for other reasons (such as victims of witch hunts or other persecutions).
The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "with the formal recognition of the Church by the State and the increase of ecclesiastical penalties proportioned to the increase of ecclesiastical offences, came an appeal from the Church to the secular arm for aid in enforcing the said penalties, which aid was always willingly granted [...] deviations from the Catholic Faith, were by the State made punishable in civil law and secular penalties were attached to them."[ 1] Canon 3 of the ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran , 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church ,[ 2] inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment.[ 3]
Burning of the Templars, 1314 Burning of William Sawtre, 1401 John Badby burned in a barrel, 1410 Burning of Jan Hus in Constance, 1415 Joan of Arc at the stake, 1431 Rogers' execution at Smithfield, 1555 Burning of John Hooper in Gloucester, 1555 Burning of Thomas Hawkes, 1555 Ramihrdus of Cambrai [ 4] [ 5] Peter of Bruys († 1130) (lynched )Gerard Segarelli († 1300)Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), ItalyMarguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, FranceBotulf Botulfsson († 1311), the only known person executed for heresy in SwedenJacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France , Paris, FranceGeoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France.Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar , Villerouge-Termenès, FranceCecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, ItalyNa Prous Boneta († 1328)William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, EnglandJohn Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, EnglandJan Hus (1371–1415), Constance, GermanyJerome of Prague (1365–1416)William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, EnglandJoan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc , Rouen, FranceThomas Bagley († 1431), Smithfield, London, EnglandPavel Kravař († 1433)Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, EnglandGirolamo Savonarola , Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi(† 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned)
Roman Catholic countries
Ipswich Martyrs († 1515–1558)Jean Vallière († 1523), Paris, FranceJan de Bakker († 1525), 1st martyr in the Northern NetherlandWendelmoet Claesdochter († 1527), 1st Dutch woman charged and burned for the accusation of heresy Michael Sattler († 1527), Rottenburg am Neckar, GermanyPatrick Hamilton († 1528), St Andrews, ScotlandBalthasar Hubmaier (1485–1528), Vienna, AustriaGeorge Blaurock (1491–1529), Klausen, TyrolThomas Hitton († 1530), Maidstone, EnglandRichard Bayfield († 1531), Smithfield, EnglandThomas Benet († 1531), Exeter, EnglandThomas Bilney († 1531), Norwich, EnglandJoan Bocher († 1531), Smithfield, EnglandSolomon Molcho († 1532), MantuaThomas Harding († 1532), Chesham, EnglandJames Bainham († 1532), Smithfield, EnglandJohn Frith (1503–1533), Smithfield, EnglandWilliam Tyndale (1490–1536), BelgiumJakob Hutter († 1536), Innsbruck, TyrolAefgen Listincx († 1538), Münster, GermanyJohn Forest († 1538), Smithfield, EnglandKatarzyna Weiglowa († 1538), PolandAnneke Esaiasdochter († 1539), The NetherlandsFrancisco de San Roman († 1540), SpainÉtienne Dolet (1509–1546), Paris, FranceHenry Filmer († 1543), Windsor, EnglandRobert Testwood († 1543), Windsor, EnglandAnthony Pearson († 1543), Windsor, EnglandMaria van Beckum († 1544)Ursula van Beckum († 1544)Colchester Martyrs († 1545 to 1558), 26 people, Colchester, EnglandGeorge Wishart (1513–1546), St Andrews, ScotlandJohn Hooper († 1555), Gloucester, EnglandJohn Rogers († 1555), London, EnglandCanterbury Martyrs († 1555–1558), c.40 people, Canterbury, EnglandLaurence Saunders , (1519–1555), Coventry, EnglandRowland Taylor († 1555), Hadleigh, Suffolk, EnglandCornelius Bongey , († 1555), Coventry, EnglandDirick Carver , († 1555), Lewes, EnglandRobert Ferrar († 1555), Carmarthen, WalesWilliam Flower († 1555), Westminster, EnglandPatrick Pakingham († 1555), Uxbridge, EnglandHugh Latimer (1485–1555), Oxford, EnglandRobert Samuel († 1555), Ipswich, EnglandBurning of Latimer and Ridley, Oxford, 1555 Nicholas Ridley (1500–1555), Oxford, EnglandJohn Bradford († 1555), London, EnglandJohn Cardmaker († 1555), Smithfield, London, EnglandRobert Glover († 1555), Hertford, EnglandThomas Hawkes († 1555), Coggeshall, EnglandThomas Tomkins († 1555), Smithfield, London, EnglandThomas Cranmer (1489–1556), Oxford, EnglandStratford Martyrs († 1556), 11 men and 2 women, Stratford, London, EnglandGuernsey Martyrs († 1556), 3 women, Guernsey, Channel IslandsJoan Waste († 1556), Derby, EnglandBartlet Green († 1556), Smithfield, London, EnglandJohn Hullier († 1556), Cambridge, EnglandJohn Forman († 1556), East Grinstead, EnglandPomponio Algerio († 1556) Boiled in oil, RomeAlexander Gooch and Alice Driver († 1558), Ipswich, EnglandContemporary illustration of the auto-da-fé Valladolid , in which fourteen Protestants were burned at the stake for their faith, on May 21, 1559 Augustino de Cazalla († 1559), Valladolid, SpainCarlos de Seso († 1559), Valladolid, SpainMaría de Bohórquez († 1559), Sevilla, SpainPietro Carnesecchi († 1567) Florence, ItalyLeonor de Cisneros († 1568), Valladolid, SpainWeyn Ockers († 1568), NetherlandsDirk Willems († 1569), NetherlandsAnneke Ogiers († 1570), NetherlandsMenocchio (1532–1599), ItalyGiordano Bruno (1548–1600), Rome, ItalyFulgenzio Manfredi (1560 ca. - 1610) Rome, ItalyLucilio Vanini (Giulio Cesare Vanini) (1585–1619), Toulouse, FranceCaterina Tarongí († 1691)Kimpa Vita (1684–1706), AngolaMaria Barbara Carillo (1625–1721), Madrid, SpainGertrude Cordovana († 1724), Palermo, Italy[ 6] Ana de Castro († 1736)Abraham ben Abraham († 1749), Vilna, Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthMaría de los Dolores López († 1781), Seville, SpainGaietà Ripoll († 1826), Valencia, Spain
Protestant countries
Burning of Anne Askew and John Lascelles, 1546 Robert Barnes († 1540), Smithfield, EnglandThomas Gerrard († 1540), Smithfield, EnglandAnne Askew (1521–1546), Smithfield, EnglandJohn Lascelles († 1546), Smithfield, EnglandJohn Adams († 1546), Smithfield, EnglandJoan Bocher († 1550), Smithfield, EnglandGeorge van Parris († 1551), Smithfield, EnglandMatthew Hamont († 1579), Norwich, EnglandFrancis Kett († 1589), Norwich, EnglandBartholomew Legate (1575–1612), Smithfield, EnglandEdward Wightman (1566–1612), relapsed heretic, Lichfield, EnglandMichael Servetus (1511–1553), Geneva, SwitzerlandStephen Cotton († 1558),[ 7] Nicolas Antoine [ 8]
Eastern Orthodox countries
The "baptism by fire" of Old Believer leader Avvakum in 1682
See also
References
^ Catholic encyclopedia. "Jurisdiction" . .newadvent.org . Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 4 October 2018 . ^ Schroeder, H. J. "Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215" . Internet Medieval Source Book . Fordham University. Retrieved 4 October 2018 . ^ Grolier encyclopedia , vol. 5, pp. 436-437^ Moore, R.I. (1986). "New Sects and Secret Meetings: Association and Authority in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries". Studies in Church History . 23 : 47–68. doi :10.1017/s0424208400010536 . S2CID 163821096 . ^ Perdios, Stelios Vasilis (2012). Peter the Hermit: Straddling the boundaries of lordship, millennialism, and heresy (Thesis). ProQuest 1022180558 . [page needed ^ Fiume, Giovanna; Il santo moro: i processi di canonizzazione di Benedetto da Palermo (1594-1807) , 2000.
^ Foxe, John (1831). Book of Martyrs: Or, A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths, of the Primitive as Well as Protestant Martyrs : from the Commencement of Christianity, to the Latest Periods of Pagan and Popish Persecution ... 443 – via Internet Archive. stephen cotton. ^ Bloch, Isaac (1906). "Antoine, Nicolas" . Jewish Encyclopedia Kopelman Foundation . Retrieved 21 November 2018 .
External links
