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Bukhansan

The twenty-two national parks of South Korea.
Land-based parks are in red and marine parks are in blue.

The national parks of South Korea are preserved parcels of public land on which most forms of development are prohibited. They cover a total of 6.6% of the country's area, and are typically located in mountainous or coastal regions.^[1] The country's largest mountain park is Jirisan National Park in the southwest; this was also the first national park to be designated in 1967. The largest marine park is Dadohaehaesang, with an area of more than 2,200 km² (850 sq mi), but almost all of this is water. The smallest park is Wolchulsan, with an area of only 56.1 km² (21.7 sq mi).

As of 2023, there are 23 national parks in South Korea; the parks, with the exception of Hallasan National Park, are managed by the Korea National Park Service, established in 1987.^[2] The Authority operates its own police force, and since 1998 has been under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Environment. It was previously under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Construction.

History

Early on, admission to national parks in South Korea was free. In 1974, most of South Korea's national parks cancelled the free admission policy. Currently only Gyeongju National Park is free. In 1993, the ticket revenue of the Korean National Park accounted for 65% of the park's total revenue. With the increase in the number of tourists year by year, the Korean government has restricted the number of tourists and activities in order to effectively protect the natural environment of the park, and controlled the number of tourists through an appointment system. Picnic and camping for tourists can only be carried out in designated areas, and night climbing is strictly prohibited. In addition, South Korea has imposed a natural rest program on some areas of high conservation value in national parks to avoid man-made damage.^[3]^[4]

Mountainous national parks (17)

Marine & coastal national parks (4)

Historical national park (1)

Name (English, hangul, hanja)	Location	Designated	Area	Land type^[5]
Bukhansan 북한산국립공원 北漢山國立公園	Seoul, Gyeonggi	1983	80 km² (31 sq mi)	Mountainous
Byeonsan-bando 변산반도국립공원 邊山半島國立公園	Jeollabuk-do	1988	155 km² (60 sq mi)	Marine and coastal
Chiaksan 치악산국립공원 雉岳山國立公園	Gangwon-do	1984	182 km² (70 sq mi)	Mountainous
Dadohaehaesang 다도해해상국립공원 多島海海上國立公園	Jeollanam-do	1981	2,325 km² (898 sq mi)	Marine and coastal
Deogyusan 덕유산국립공원 德裕山國立公園	Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do	1975	232 km² (90 sq mi)	Mountainous
Gayasan 가야산국립공원 伽倻山國立公園	Gyeongsangnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do	1972	77 km² (30 sq mi)	Mountainous
Gyeongju 경주국립공원 慶州國立公園	Gyeongsangbuk-do	1968	137 km² (53 sq mi)	Historical
Gyeryongsan 계룡산국립공원 鷄龍山國立公園	Chungcheongnam-do, Daejeon	1968	65 km² (25 sq mi)	Mountainous
Hallasan 한라산국립공원 漢拏山國立公園	Jeju-do	1970	153 km² (59 sq mi)	Mountainous
Hallyeohaesang 한려해상국립공원 閑麗海上國立公園	Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do	1968	545 km² (210 sq mi)	Marine and coastal
Jirisan 지리산국립공원 智異山國立公園	Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do	1967	472 km² (182 sq mi)	Mountainous
Juwangsan 주왕산국립공원 周王山國立公園	Gyeongsangbuk-do	1976	107 km² (41 sq mi)	Mountainous
Naejangsan 내장산국립공원 內藏山國立公園	Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do	1971	81 km² (31 sq mi)	Mountainous
Odaesan 오대산국립공원 五臺山國立公園	Gangwon-do	1975	304 km² (117 sq mi)	Mountainous
Seoraksan 설악산국립공원 雪嶽山國立公園	Gangwon-do	1970	398 km² (154 sq mi)	Mountainous
Sobaeksan 소백산국립공원 小白山國立公園	Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do	1987	322 km² (124 sq mi)	Mountainous
Songnisan 속리산국립공원 俗離山國立公園	Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do	1970	274 km² (106 sq mi)	Mountainous
Taeanhaean 태안해안국립공원 泰安海岸國立公園	Chungcheongnam-do	1978	326 km² (126 sq mi)	Marine and coastal
Wolchulsan 월출산국립공원 月出山國立公園	Jeollanam-do	1988	56 km² (22 sq mi)	Mountainous
Woraksan 월악산국립공원 月岳山國立公園	Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do	1984	288 km² (111 sq mi)	Mountainous
Mudeungsan 무등산국립공원 無等山國立公園	Gwangju, Jeollanam-do	2012	75 km² (29 sq mi)	Mountainous
Taebaeksan 태백산국립공원 太白山國立公園	Yeongwol, Jeongseon, Taebaek, Gangwon Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do	2016	70 km² (27 sq mi)	Mountainous
Palgongsan 팔공산국립공원 八公山國立公園	Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do	2023	126 km² (49 sq mi)	Mountainous

References

^ "e-나라지표 국립공원현황" (in Korean). Statistics Korea. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
^ "National Parks: About the Korea National Park Service". Korea National Park Service. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
^ "特别保护区指南". 国立公园管理公团. Archived from the original on 2015-08-01. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
^ （韩）韩相壹 (February 2002). "韩国国立公园概况". 《中国园林》.
^ "About National Parks". Korea National Park Service. Retrieved 18 September 2010.