List of ministers of finance of the Netherlands

Minister of Finance of the Netherlands
Minister van Financiën
Ministry of Finance
Flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Incumbent
Eelco Heinen
since 2 July 2024
Ministry of Finance
StyleHis/Her Excellency
Member ofCouncil of Ministers
AppointerThe Monarch
on advice of the Prime Minister
Formation22 January 1978; 46 years ago (1978-01-22)
First holderAlexander Gogel
(as Secretary of Finance)
DeputyTjebbe van Oostenbruggen
as State Secretary for Tax Affairs and the Tax Administration
Nora Achahbar
as State Secretary for Benefits and Customs
Salary€170.910 (As of 2020)
(including €4,193 of expenses)
WebsiteMinister of Finance
Part of the Politics series
Politics of the Netherlands
Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)
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The minister of finance (Dutch: Minister van Financiën) is the head of the Ministry of Finance and a member of the Cabinet of the Netherlands. The current minister of finance is Eelco Heinen of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, who has been in office since 2 July 2024.

List of ministers of finance (since 1866)

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Party Cabinet
Count
Rutger Schimmelpenninck
van Nijenhuis
(1821–1893) 		1 June 1866 –
4 June 1868 		Independent
(Conservative) 		Van Zuylen van Nijevelt
[1]
Pieter Philip van Bosse Pieter Philip van Bosse
(1809–1879) 		4 June 1868 –
4 January 1871 		Independent
(Liberal) 		Van Bosse–Fock
[2]
Pieter Blussé
van Oud-Alblas
(1812–1887) 		4 January 1871 –
6 July 1872 		Independent
(Liberal) 		Thorbecke III
[3]
Albert van Delden Albert van Delden
(1828–1898) 		6 July 1872 –
27 August 1874 		Independent
(Liberal) 		De Vries–
Fransen van de Putte
[4]
Jonkheer
Hendrik van der Heim
(1824–1890) 		27 August 1874 –
3 November 1877 		Independent
(Conservative) 		Heemskerk–Van Lynden
van Sandenburg
[5]
Johan Gleichman Johan Gleichman
(1834–1906) 		3 November 1877 –
20 August 1879 		Independent
(Liberal) 		Kappeyne van
de Coppello
[6]
Simon Vissering Dr.
Simon Vissering
(1818–1888) 		20 August 1879 –
13 June 1881
Resigned 		Independent
(Liberal) 		Van Lynden
van Sandenburg
[7]
Theo van Lynden van Sandenburg Count
Theo van Lynden
van Sandenburg
(1826–1885) 		13 June 1881 –
23 April 1883 		Independent
(Protestant Conservative)
Willem Grobbée
(1822–1907) 		23 April 1883 –
4 May 1885
Resigned 		Independent
(Conservative) 		J. Heemskerk
[8]
Jacobus Bloem Jacobus Bloem
(1822–1902) 		4 May 1885 –
21 April 1888 		Independent
(Conservative)
Karel Antonie Godin de Beaufort Jonkheer
Karel Antonie Godin
de Beaufort
(1850–1921) 		21 April 1888 –
21 August 1891 		Anti-Revolutionary Party Mackay
[9]
Nicolaas Pierson Nicolaas Pierson
(1839–1909) 		21 August 1891 –
9 May 1894 		Liberal Union Van Tienhoven
[10]
Jacobus Sprenger van Eyk Jacobus Sprenger
van Eyk
(1842–1907) 		9 May 1894 –
26 July 1897 		Independent
(Conservative Liberal) 		Röell
[11]
Nicolaas Pierson Nicolaas Pierson
(1839–1909) 		26 July 1897 –
1 August 1901 		Liberal Union Pierson
[12]
Jan Harte van Tecklenburg Jan Harte van Tecklenburg
(1853–1937) 		1 August 1901 –
17 August 1905 		Independent
(Catholic) 		Kuyper
[13]
Theo de Meester Theo de Meester
(1851–1919) 		17 August 1905 –
12 February 1908 		Liberal Union De Meester
[14]
Maximilien Kolkman Maximilien Kolkman
(1853–1924) 		12 February 1908 –
29 August 1913 		Independent
(Catholic) 		T. Heemskerk
[15]
Anthonij Bertling Anthonij Bertling
(1860–1945) 		29 August 1913 –
24 October 1914
Resigned 		Independent
(Liberal) 		Cort van der Linden
[16]
Willem Treub Willem Treub
(1858–1931) 		24 October 1914 –
8 February 1916
Resigned 		Free-thinking
Democratic League
Independent
(Liberal)
Anton van Gijn Dr.
Anton van Gijn
(1866–1933) 		8 February 1916 –
22 February 1917
Resigned 		Liberal Union
Willem Treub Willem Treub
(1858–1931) 		22 February 1917 –
9 September 1918 		Independent
(Liberal)
Economic League
Simon de Vries
(1869–1961) 		9 September 1918 –
28 July 1921
Resigned 		Anti-Revolutionary Party Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I
[17]
Dirk Jan de Geer Jonkheer
Dirk Jan de Geer
(1870–1969) 		28 July 1921 –
11 August 1923
Resigned 		Christian Historical Union
Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II
[18]
Hendrikus Colijn Hendrikus Colijn
(1869–1944) 		11 August 1923 –
8 March 1926 		Anti-Revolutionary Party
Colijn I
[19]
Dirk Jan de Geer Jonkheer
Dirk Jan de Geer
(1870–1969) 		8 March 1926 –
26 May 1933 		Christian Historical Union De Geer I
[20]
Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III
[21]
Pieter Oud Pieter Oud
(1886–1968) 		26 May 1933 –
24 June 1937 		Free-thinking
Democratic League 		Colijn II • III
[22][23]
Jacob Adriaan de Wilde Jacob Adriaan de Wilde
(1879–1956) 		24 June 1937 –
19 May 1939
Resigned 		Anti-Revolutionary Party Colijn IV
[24]
Hendrikus Colijn Dr.
Hendrikus Colijn
(1869–1944) 		19 May 1939 –
25 July 1939
Ad interim 		Anti-Revolutionary Party
Christiaan Bodenhausen Christiaan Bodenhausen
(1869–1966) 		25 July 1939 –
10 August 1939 		Independent
(Liberal) 		Colijn V
[25]
Dirk Jan de Geer Jonkheer
Dirk Jan de Geer
(1870–1969) 		10 August 1939 –
3 September 1940 		Christian Historical Union De Geer II
[26]
Charles Welter Charles Welter
(1880–1972) 		3 September 1940 –
27 July 1941 		Roman Catholic
State Party 		Gerbrandy I
[27]
Max Steenberghe Max Steenberghe
(1899–1972) 		27 July 1941 –
17 November 1941
Resigned 		Roman Catholic
State Party 		Gerbrandy II
[27]
Willem Albarda Willem Albarda
(1877–1957) 		17 November 1941 –
9 December 1942 		Social Democratic
Workers' Party
Johannes van den Broek Johannes van den Broek
(1882–1946) 		9 December 1942 –
23 February 1945 		Independent
(Liberal)
Gerardus Huysmans Dr.
Gerardus Huysmans
(1904–1948) 		23 February 1945 –
25 June 1945 		Roman Catholic
State Party 		Gerbrandy III
[28]
Piet Lieftinck Dr.
Piet Lieftinck
(1902–1989) 		25 June 1945 –
1 July 1952
Resigned 		Christian Historical Union Schermerhorn–Drees
[29]
Labour Party Beel I[30]
Drees–Van Schaik[31]
Drees I[32]
Willem Drees Dr.
Willem Drees
(1886–1988) 		1 July 1952 –
2 September 1952
Acting 		Labour Party
Jo van de Kieft Jo van de Kieft
(1884–1970) 		2 September 1952 –
13 October 1956 		Labour Party Drees II
[33]
Henk Hofstra Henk Hofstra
(1904–1999) 		13 October 1956 –
22 December 1958 		Labour Party Drees III
[34]
Jelle Zijlstra Dr.
Jelle Zijlstra
(1918–2001) 		22 December 1958 –
24 July 1963 		Anti-Revolutionary Party Beel II
[35]
De Quay
[36]
Johan Witteveen Dr.
Johan Witteveen
(1921–2019) 		24 July 1963 –
14 April 1965 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Marijnen
[37]
Anne Vondeling Dr.
Anne Vondeling
(1916–1979) 		14 April 1965 –
22 November 1966
Resigned 		Labour Party Cals
[38]
Jelle Zijlstra Dr.
Jelle Zijlstra
(1918–2001) 		22 November 1966 –
5 April 1967 		Anti-Revolutionary Party Zijlstra
[39]
Johan Witteveen Dr.
Johan Witteveen
(1921–2019) 		5 April 1967 –
6 July 1971 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		De Jong
[40]
Roelof Nelissen Roelof Nelissen
(1931–2019) 		6 July 1971 –
11 May 1973 		Catholic
People's Party 		Biesheuvel I • II
[41]
Wim Duisenberg Dr.
Wim Duisenberg
(1935–2005) 		11 May 1973 –
19 December 1977 		Labour Party Den Uyl
[42]
Frans Andriessen Frans Andriessen
(1929–2019) 		19 December 1977 –
22 February 1980
Resigned 		Catholic
People's Party 		Van Agt I
[43]
Gijs van Aardenne Gijs van Aardenne
(1930–1995) 		22 February 1980 –
5 March 1980
Ad Interim 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
Fons van der Stee Fons van der Stee
(1928–1999) 		5 March 1980 –
4 November 1982 		Catholic
People's Party
Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Van Agt II • III
[44][45]
Onno Ruding Dr.
Onno Ruding
(born 1939) 		4 November 1982 –
7 November 1989 		Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Lubbers I • II
[46][47]
Wim Kok Wim Kok
(1938–2018) 		7 November 1989 –
22 August 1994 		Labour Party Lubbers III
[48]
Gerrit Zalm Gerrit Zalm
(born 1952) 		22 August 1994 –
4 June 1996
[Note] 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Kok I
[49]
Hans Wijers Dr.
Hans Wijers
(born 1951) 		4 June 1996 –
26 June 1996
Acting 		Democrats 66
Gerrit Zalm Gerrit Zalm
(born 1952) 		26 June 1996 –
22 July 2002 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
Kok II
[50]
Hans Hoogervorst Hans Hoogervorst
(born 1956) 		22 July 2002 –
27 May 2003 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Balkenende I
[51]
Gerrit Zalm Gerrit Zalm
(born 1952) 		27 May 2003 –
22 February 2007 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Balkenende II • III
[52][53]
Wouter Bos Wouter Bos
(born 1963) 		22 February 2007 –
23 February 2010
Resigned 		Labour Party Balkenende IV
[54]
Jan Kees de Jager Jan Kees de Jager
(born 1969) 		23 February 2010 –
5 November 2012 		Christian
Democratic Appeal
Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Mark Rutte
(Rutte I)
[55]
Jeroen Dijsselbloem Jeroen Dijsselbloem
(born 1966) 		5 November 2012 –
26 October 2017 		Labour Party Rutte II
[56]
Wopke Hoekstra Wopke Hoekstra
(born 1975) 		26 October 2017 –
10 January 2022 		Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Rutte III
[57]
Sigrid Kaag Sigrid Kaag
(born 1961) 		10 January 2022 –
8 January 2024 		Democrats 66 Rutte IV
Rob Jetten Rob Jetten
(born 1987) 		8 January 2024 –
12 January 2024
Acting 		Democrats 66
Steven van Weyenberg Steven van Weyenberg
(born 1973) 		12 January 2024 –
2 July 2024 		Democrats 66
Eelco Heinen
(born 1981) 		2 July 2024 –
Incumbent 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Schoof
Medical leave of absence from 4 June 1996 until 26 June 1996

List of state secretaries for finance

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portfolio Term of office Party Cabinet
Willem Hendrik van den Berge Dr.
Willem Hendrik
van den Berge
(1905–1987) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		2 February 1953 –
13 October 1956 		Independent
Social Democrat 		Drees II
[33]
Vacant
Willem Hendrik van den Berge Dr.
Willem Hendrik
van den Berge
(1905–1987) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		27 May 1959 –
14 April 1965 		Independent
Social Democrat 		De Quay
[36]
Marijnen
[37]
Wiel Hoefnagels Dr.
Wiel Hoefnagels
(1929–1978) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		31 May 1965 –
22 November 1966 		Catholic People's Party Cals
[38]
Vacant
Ferd Grapperhaus I Dr.
Ferd Grapperhaus I
(1927–2010) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		10 May 1967 –
6 July 1971 		Catholic People's Party De Jong
[40]
Willem Scholten Willem Scholten
(1927–2005) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs 		14 July 1971 –
19 March 1973
Resigned 		Christian Historical Union Biesheuvel I • II
[41]
Fons van der Stee Fons van der Stee
(1928–1999) 		• Governmental
Budget 		14 July 1971 –
12 March 1973
Resigned 		Catholic People's Party
Fons van der Stee Fons van der Stee
(1928–1999) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs 		11 May 1973 –
1 November 1973
[Appt] 		Catholic People's Party Den Uyl
[42]
Martin van Rooijen Martin van Rooijen
(born 1942) 		21 December 1973 –
14 October 1977
Resigned 		Catholic People's Party
Aar de Goede Aar de Goede
(1928–2016) 		• Governmental
Budget 		11 May 1973 –
19 December 1977 		Democrats 66
Ad Nooteboom Ad Nooteboom
(1928–2023) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		28 December 1977 –
22 February 1980
Resigned 		Christian Historical Union Van Agt I
[43]
Marius van Amelsvoort Marius van Amelsvoort
(1930–2006) 		16 April 1980 –
11 September 1981 		Catholic People's Party
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Hans Kombrink Hans Kombrink
(born 1946) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Governmental
Budget 		11 September 1981 –
29 May 1982
Resigned 		Labour Party Van Agt II
[44]
Vacant
Henk Koning Henk Koning
(1933–2016) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		4 November 1982 –
7 November 1989 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Lubbers I • II
[46][47]
Marius van Amelsvoort Marius van Amelsvoort
(1930–2006) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		7 November 1989 –
22 August 1994 		Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Lubbers III
[48]
Willem Vermeend Dr.
Willem Vermeend
(born 1948) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		22 August 1994 –
24 March 2000
[Appt] 		Labour Party Kok I
[49]
Kok II
[50]
Wouter Bos Wouter Bos
(born 1963) 		24 March 2000 –
22 July 2002 		Labour Party
Steven van Eijck Steven van Eijck
(born 1959) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Governmental
Budget 		22 July 2002 –
27 May 2003 		Pim Fortuyn List Balkenende I
[51]
Joop Wijn Joop Wijn
(born 1969) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		27 May 2003 –
7 July 2006 		Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Balkenende II
[52]
Vacant
Jan Kees de Jager Jan Kees de Jager
(born 1969) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		22 February 2007 –
23 February 2010
[Appt] 		Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Balkenende IV
[54]
Frans Weekers Frans Weekers
(born 1967) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		14 October 2010 –
30 January 2014
Resigned 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy 		Rutte I
[55]
Rutte II
[56]
Eric Wiebes Eric Wiebes
(born 1963) 		4 February 2014 –
26 October 2017 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
Menno Snel Menno Snel
(born 1970) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax and Customs
• Governmental
Budget 		26 October 2017 –
18 December 2019
Resigned 		Democrats 66 Rutte III
[57]
Hans Vijlbrief Dr.
Hans Vijlbrief
(born 1963) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Taxes
• Governmental
Budget
[58] 		29 January 2020 –
10 January 2022 		Democrats 66
Alexandra van Huffelen Alexandra van Huffelen
(born 1968) 		• Customs
• Benefits 		29 January 2020 –
10 January 2022 		Democrats 66
Marnix van Rij Marnix van Rij
(born 1960) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax
• Governmental
Budget 		10 January 2022 –
2 July 2024 		Christian
Democratic Appeal 		Rutte IV
Aukje de Vries Aukje de Vries
(born 1964) 		• Customs
• Benefits 		10 January 2022 –
2 July 2024 		People's Party for
Freedom and Democracy
Folkert Idsinga
(born 1971) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax Administration 		2 July 2024 –
1 November 2024 		New Social Contract Schoof
[59]
Nora Achahbar
(born 1982) 		• Customs
• Benefits 		2 July 2024 –
Incumbent 		New Social Contract
Tjebbe van Oostenbruggen
(born 1979) 		• Fiscal Policy
• Tax Administration 		15 November 2024 –
Incumbent 		New Social Contract
Appt Appointment: Fons van der Stee appointed Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries; Willem Vermeend appointed Minister of Social Affairs and Employment; Joop Wijn appointed Minister of Economic Affairs; Jan Kees de Jager appointed Minister of Finance.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt". VanZuylenvanNijevelt. Parlement & Politiek.
  2. ^ "Kabinet-Van Bosse/Fock". VanBosseFock. Parlement & Politiek.
  3. ^ "Kabinet-Thorbecke III". ThorbeckeIII. Parlement & Politiek.
  4. ^ "Kabinet-De Vries/Fransen van de Putte". DeVriesFransenvandePutte. Parlement & Politiek.
  5. ^ "Kabinet-Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg". HeemskerkVanLyndenvanSandenburg. Parlement & Politiek.
  6. ^ "Kabinet-Kappeyne van de Coppello". KappeynevandeCoppello. Parlement & Politiek.
  7. ^ "Kabinet-Van Lynden van Sandenburg". VanLyndenvanSandenburg. Parlement & Politiek.
  8. ^ "Kabinet-Heemskerk Azn". J.Heemskerk. Parlement & Politiek.
  9. ^ "Kabinet-Mackay". Mackay. Parlement & Politiek.
  10. ^ "Kabinet-Van Tienhoven". VanTienhoven. Parlement & Politiek.
  11. ^ "Kabinet-Röell". Röell. Parlement & Politiek.
  12. ^ "Kabinet-Pierson". Pierson. Parlement & Politiek.
  13. ^ "Kabinet-Kuyper". Kuyper. Parlement & Politiek.
  14. ^ "Kabinet-De Meester". DeMeester. Parlement & Politiek.
  15. ^ "Kabinet-Heemskerk". T.Heemskerk. Parlement & Politiek.
  16. ^ "Kabinet-Cort van der Linden". CortvanderLinden. Parlement & Politiek.
  17. ^ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I". RuijsDeBeerenbrouckI. Parlement & Politiek.
  18. ^ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II". RuijsDeBeerenbrouckII. Parlement & Politiek.
  19. ^ "Kabinet-Colijn I". ColijnI. Parlement & Politiek.
  20. ^ "Kabinet-De Geer I". DeGeerI. Parlement & Politiek.
  21. ^ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III". RuijsDeBeerenbrouckIII. Parlement & Politiek.
  22. ^ "Kabinet-Colijn II". ColijnII. Parlement & Politiek.
  23. ^ "Kabinet-Colijn III". ColijnIII. Parlement & Politiek.
  24. ^ "Kabinet-Colijn IV". ColijnIV. Parlement & Politiek.
  25. ^ "Kabinet-Colijn V". ColijnV. Parlement & Politiek.
  26. ^ "Kabinet-De Geer II". DeGeerII. Parlement & Politiek.
  27. ^ a b "Kabinet-Gerbrandy I / II". GerbrandyI/II. Parlement & Politiek.
  28. ^ "Kabinet-Gerbrandy III". GerbrandyIII. Parlement & Politiek.
  29. ^ "Kabinet-Schermerhorn-Drees". SchermerhornDrees. Rijksoverheid.
  30. ^ "Kabinet-Beel I". BeelI. Rijksoverheid.
  31. ^ "Kabinet-Drees-Van Schaik". DreesVanSchaik. Rijksoverheid.
  32. ^ "Kabinet-Drees I". DreesI. Rijksoverheid.
  33. ^ a b "Kabinet-Drees II". DreesII. Rijksoverheid.
  34. ^ "Kabinet-Drees III". DreesIII. Rijksoverheid.
  35. ^ "Kabinet-Beel II". BeelII. Rijksoverheid.
  36. ^ a b "Kabinet-De Quay". DeQuay. Rijksoverheid.
  37. ^ a b "Kabinet-Marijnen". Marijnen. Rijksoverheid.
  38. ^ a b "Kabinet-Cals". Cals. Rijksoverheid.
  39. ^ "Kabinet-Zijlstra". Zijlstra. Rijksoverheid.
  40. ^ a b "Kabinet-De Jong". De Jong. Rijksoverheid.
  41. ^ a b "Kabinet-Biesheuvel". Biesheuvel. Rijksoverheid.
  42. ^ a b "Kabinet-Den Uyl". DenUyl. Rijksoverheid.
  43. ^ a b "Kabinet-Van Agt I". VanAgtI. Rijksoverheid.
  44. ^ a b "Kabinet-Van Agt II". VanAgtII. Rijksoverheid.
  45. ^ "Kabinet-Van Agt III". VanAgtIII. Rijksoverheid.
  46. ^ a b "Kabinet-Lubbers I". LubbersI. Rijksoverheid.
  47. ^ a b "Kabinet-Lubbers II". LubbersII. Rijksoverheid.
  48. ^ a b "Kabinet-Lubbers III". LubbersIII. Rijksoverheid.
  49. ^ a b "Kabinet-Kok I". KokI. Rijksoverheid.
  50. ^ a b "Kabinet-Kok II". KokII. Rijksoverheid.
  51. ^ a b "Kabinet-Balkenende I". BalkenendeI. Rijksoverheid.
  52. ^ a b "Kabinet-Balkenende II". BalkenendeII. Rijksoverheid.
  53. ^ "Kabinet-Balkenende III". BalkenendeIII. Rijksoverheid.
  54. ^ a b "Kabinet-Balkenende IV". BalkenendeIV. Rijksoverheid.
  55. ^ a b "Kabinet-Rutte-Verhagen". RutteI. Rijksoverheid.
  56. ^ a b "Kabinet-Rutte-Asscher". RutteII. Rijksoverheid.
  57. ^ a b "Kabinet-Rutte III". RutteIII. Rijksoverheid.
  58. ^ "D66'ers Vijlbrief en Van Huffelen nieuwe staatssecretarissen Financiën" (in Dutch). NOS. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  59. ^ "Kabinet-Schoof". Schoof. Rijksoverheid.

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