List of majority-minority United States congressional districts

A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Race is collected through the decennial United States census.

Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).

List of districts

African-American

Majority

Population data are from 2021 American Community Survey and 2020 census population estimates. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.[1]

Currently, there are 26 congressional districts where African Americans make up a majority of constituents, mostly in the South. Every district is represented by Democrats. There are two African American majority congressional districts that are represented by someone who is not African American: Steve Cohen from Tennessee's 9th and Shri Thanedar from Michigan's 13th.

Congressional districts with African-American majorities
Rank Perc. State District 118th Congress Total 2019 Afric. Amer.
3[2] 60.3% Tennessee TN-09 Steve Cohen (non-Black) 767,682 574,437
2[3] 62.1% Mississippi MS-02 Bennie Thompson 723,186 549,830
6[4] 63.4% Alabama AL-07 Terri Sewell 670,015 419,256
4[5] 58.6% Louisiana LA-02 Troy Carter 762,623 589,929
5[6] 54.5% Georgia GA-04 Hank Johnson 756,440 585,951
7[7] 58.5% Georgia GA-05 Nikema Williams 788,996 436,884
1[8] 66.7% Georgia GA-13 David Scott 763,561 566,875
8[9] 57% South Carolina SC-06 Jim Clyburn 665,215 361,328
10[10] 56.3% Illinois IL-02 Robin Kelly 685,695 383,058
11[11] 55.6% Michigan MI-13 Shri Thanedar (non-Black) 672,291 363,772
12[12] 55% New York NY-08 Hakeem Jeffries 776,825 403,080
13[13] 54% Pennsylvania PA-03 Dwight Evans 741,654 418,050
14[14] 53.8% Maryland MD-07 Kweisi Mfume 717,158 376,343
16[15] 53.4% Florida FL-20 Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick 802,463 424,842
17[16] 52.9% Maryland MD-04 Glenn Ivey 746,989 578,752
15[17] 53.5% Ohio OH-11 Shontel Brown 684,617 362,284
19[18] 51.6% Georgia GA-02 Sanford Bishop 671,831 354,964
20[19] 51.3% Illinois IL-01 Jonathan Jackson 711,039 359,132
18[20] 52.7% New Jersey NJ-10 Donald Payne Jr. 768,400 594,109
21[21] 50.6% Florida FL-24 Frederica Wilson 756,692 593,543
22[22] 50.5% New York NY-09 Yvette Clarke 720,316 336,566

Plurality

Asian and Pacific Islander

Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Both are Democrats.

Congressional districts with Asian-American majorities or pluralities
Rank Perc. State District Member Total 2019 Asian Amer.
1[23] 52.7% California CA-17 Ro Khanna 790,519 439,547
2[24] 50.2% Hawaii HI-01 Ed Case (non-Asian) 720,786 364,354
3 39.4% New York NY-06 Grace Meng 714,299 281,433
4 38.6% California CA-28 Judy Chu 746,863 288,289

Hispanic and Latino

Majority

As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts.

Congressional districts with Hispanic/Latino majorities
Rank Perc. State District 118th Congress Total 2020 Hispanic or Latino
1 87.2% California CA-40 Lucille Roybal-Allard 715,934 624,294
2 84.5% Texas TX-34 Vicente Gonzalez 712,596 602,428
3 82.5% Texas TX-15 Monica de la Cruz 787,124 649,297
4 81.5% Texas TX-16 Veronica Escobar 757,427 617,465
5 78.9% Texas TX-28 Henry Cuellar 851,824 672,129
6 78.7% California CA-34 Jimmy Gomez 654,303 515,167
7 76.0% Texas TX-29 Sylvia Garcia 677,032 514,861
8 75.4% California CA-38 Linda Sánchez 641,410 483,490
9 73.5% Illinois IL-04 Jesús "Chuy" García 601,156 442,018
10 51.6% Texas TX-27 Michael Cloud (Non Hispanic/Latino) 741,993 543,306
11 71.6% Florida FL-25 Mario Díaz-Balart 807,176 577,998
12 71.5% Texas TX-20 Joaquin Castro 711,705 509,208
14 69.5% California CA-35 Norma Torres 764,643 531,426
15 69.5% California CA-44 Nanette Barragan 717,140 500,426
16 68.9% Florida FL-27 Maria Elvira Salazar 750,653 517,199
17 68.5% California CA-51 Juan Vargas 757,891 473,224
18 68.2% California CA-29 Tony Cardenas 717,659 489,443
19 68.2% California CA-31 Pete Aguilar 611,336 417,183
20 67.3% Florida FL-26 Carlos Gimenez 780,951 525,580
21 66.9% Texas TX-33 Marc Veasey (Non Hispanic/Latino) 751,182 502,540
22 66.4% Texas TX-23 Tony Gonzales 847,651 562,913
23 66.1% New York NY-15 Ritchie Torres 731,101 483,258
24 66.0% California CA-46 Lou Correa 734,651 484,869
25 62.6% California CA-32 Grace Napolitano 642,236 412,275
26 61.6% Arizona AZ-03 Raúl Grijalva 698,314 446,159
27 61.1% Texas TX-35 Lloyd Doggett (Non Hispanic/Latino) 857,654 524,712
28 59.3% California CA-16 Jim Costa (Non Hispanic/Latino) 753,152 446,619
29 58.1% California CA-41 Mark Takano (Non Hispanic/Latino) 786,719 457,083
30 56.0% Arizona AZ-07 Ruben Gallego 855,769 479,014
31 52.7% New Jersey NJ-08 Albio Sires 766,357 403,870
32 52.1% California CA-20 Jimmy Panetta (Non Hispanic/Latino) 741,838 386,497
33 51.8% New Mexico NM-02 Gabe Vasquez 663,956 343,856
34 51.2% California CA-21 David Valadao (Non Hispanic/Latino) 784,176 401,194

Plurality

White plurality (majority-minority)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Diving into District Data: What the Latest Census Numbers Tell Us". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
  2. ^ "My Congressional District: Tennessee's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  3. ^ "My Congressional District: Mississippi's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  4. ^ "My Congressional District: Alabama's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  5. ^ "My Congressional District: Louisiana's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  6. ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  7. ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 5th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  8. ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  9. ^ "My Congressional District: South Carolina's 6th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  10. ^ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  11. ^ "My Congressional District: Michigan's 13th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  12. ^ "My Congressional District: New York's 8th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  13. ^ "My Congressional District: Pennsylvania's 3rd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  14. ^ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 7th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  15. ^ "My Congressional District: Florida's 20th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  16. ^ "My Congressional District: Maryland's 4th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  17. ^ "My Congressional District: Ohio's 11th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  18. ^ "My Congressional District: Georgia's 2nd". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  19. ^ "My Congressional District: Illinois's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  20. ^ "My Congressional District: New Jersey's 10th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  21. ^ "My Congressional District: Florida's 24th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  22. ^ "My Congressional District: New York's 9th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  23. ^ "My Congressional District: California's 17th". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  24. ^ "My Congressional District: Hawaii's 1st". Census.gov. Retrieved August 15, 2021.