List of largest stars
Below are lists of the largest stars currently known, ordered by radius and separated into categories by galaxy. The unit of measurement used is the radius of the Sun (approximately 695,700 km ; 432,300 mi ).[ 1]
The Sun , the orbit of Earth , Jupiter , and Neptune , compared to four stars (Pistol Star , Rho Cassiopeiae , Betelgeuse , and VY Canis Majoris )
Overview
Although red supergiants are often considered the largest stars, some other star types have been found to temporarily increase significantly in radius, such as during LBV eruptions or luminous red novae . Luminous red novae appear to expand extremely rapidly, reaching thousands to tens of thousands of solar radii within only a few months, significantly larger than the largest red supergiants.[ 2]
Some studies use models that predict high-accreting Population III or Population I supermassive stars (SMSs) in the very early universe could have evolved "red supergiant protostars". These protostars are thought to have accretion rates larger than the rate of contraction, resulting in lower temperatures but with radii reaching up to many tens of thousands of R ☉ , comparable to some of the largest known black holes .[ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
Angular diameters
The angular diameters of stars can be measured directly using stellar interferometry . Other methods can use lunar occultations or from eclipsing binaries , which can be used to test indirect methods of finding stellar radii. Only a few supergiants can be occulted by the Moon, including Antares and 119 Tauri . Examples of eclipsing binaries are Epsilon Aurigae (Almaaz), VV Cephei , and V766 Centauri (HR 5171). Angular diameter measurements can be inconsistent because the boundary of the very tenuous atmosphere (opacity ) differs depending on the wavelength of light in which the star is observed.[citation needed ]
Uncertainties remain with the membership and order of the lists, especially when deriving various parameters used in calculations, such as stellar luminosity and effective temperature . Often stellar radii can only be expressed as an average or be within a large range of values. Values for stellar radii vary significantly in different sources and for different observation methods.[citation needed ]
All the sizes stated in these lists have inaccuracies and may be disputed. The lists are still a work in progress and parameters are prone to change.
Caveats
Various issues exist in determining accurate radii of the largest stars, which in many cases do display significant errors. The following lists are generally based on various considerations or assumptions; these include:
Stellar radii or diameters are usually derived only approximately using the Stefan–Boltzmann law for the deduced stellar luminosity and effective surface temperature .
Stellar distances , and their errors, for most stars, remain uncertain or poorly determined.
Many extended supergiant atmospheres also significantly change in size over time, regularly or irregularly pulsating over several months or years as variable stars . This makes adopted luminosities poorly known and may significantly change the quoted radii.
Other direct methods for determining stellar radii rely on lunar occultations or from eclipses in binary systems. This is only possible for a very small number of stars.
Many distance estimates for red supergiants come from stellar cluster or association membership, because it is difficult to calculate accurate distances for red supergiants that are not part of any cluster or association.
In these lists are some examples of extremely distant extragalactic stars, which may have slightly different properties and natures than the currently largest known stars in the Milky Way . For example, some red supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds are suspected to have slightly different limiting temperatures and luminosities . Such stars may exceed accepted limits by undergoing large eruptions or changing their spectral types over just a few months (or potentially years).[ 6] [ 7]
Lists
The following lists show the largest known stars based on the host galaxy.
Milky Way
Magellanic Clouds
List of the largest known stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Star name
Solar radii (Sun = 1)
Galaxy
Method[ a]
Notes
Theoretical limit of star size (Large Magellanic Cloud)
≳1,550[ 9]
L/Teff
Estimated by measuring the fraction of red supergiants at higher luminosities in a large sample of stars. Assumes an effective temperature of 3,545 K .Reported for reference
HV 888
1,477[ 103] –1,584[ 104]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HD 269551 A
1,439[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 12463
1,420[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
IRAS 05280–6910
1,367[ 106]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
The most reddened object in the Large Magellanic Cloud.[ 104]
MSX LMC 597
1,278[ 107] –1,444[ 104]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
OGLE BRIGHT-LMC-LPV-52
1,275[ 105] –1,384[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
HV 2834
1,253[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 145013
1,243[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
IRAS 05346-6949
1,211[ 108]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
It has an estimated mass-loss rate of 0.0017 M ☉ (566 Earths) per year, the highest for any star.[ 108]
HV 5618
1,163[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 2242
1,160[ 109] – 1,180[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 25320
1,156[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 18592
1,129[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX SMC 018
1,119[ 108]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC252
1,117[ 105] –1,164[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC045
1,112[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 21-12
1,103[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX LMC 810
1,104[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S338
1,100[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 136042
1,092[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 175188
1,090[ 105] –1,317[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
IRAS 04516-6902
1,085[ 106]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S274
1,071[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
[W60] D44
1,063[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 12233
1,057[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX LMC 589
1,051[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
Theoretical limit of star size (Small Magellanic Cloud)
≳1,050[ 9]
L/Teff
Estimated by measuring the fraction of red supergiants at higher luminosities in a large sample of stars. Assumes an effective temperature of 3,850 K .Reported for reference
MSX LMC 947
1,050[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 144217
1,039[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SP77 31-18
1,038[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
IRAS 05402-6956
1,032[ 106]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
IRAS 04509-6922
1,027[ 106] –1,187[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 2255
1,027[ 105] –1,236[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
TRM 36
1,019[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 175549
1,005[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TRM 89
1,004[ 105] –1,526[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
B90 (WOH S264)
1000+70 −80 – 1,210[ 110]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
Has an unusually high metallicity and velocity.[ 110] Often referred to as its SIMBAD designation [W60] B90. Discrepancy in radius is caused by a potential underestimation of the effective temperature measured from the Titanium(II) oxide bands.
HV 2450
1,000+2 −1 [ 111] –1,071[ 111]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow hypergiant.
LMC 149767
994[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
UCAC2 2674864 (HV 2834)
990+115 −100 [ 112]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 996
988[ 105] –1,176[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
W61 8–88
986[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 2362
982[ 105] – 1,030[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MG73 59
979[ 113]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow supergiant.
HD 268757
979[ 113]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A G8 yellow hypergiant.
SMC 56389
976[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 136404
974[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 46-32
973[ 105] –1,133[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
HV 2084
967[ 105] –1,083[ 107]
Small Magellanic Cloud
WOH S74
965[ 105] –1,014[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 10889
963[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TRM 67
951[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LHA 120-S 26
951[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 139413
951[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TRM 87
947[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 148035
947[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 12802
946[ 105] –1,377[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SMC 018136
945[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 142202
943[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 147199
939[ 105] – 990[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 37-24
936[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 148381
932[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 23095
926[ 107] – 1,280[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 31-16
923± 28[ 111]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow hypergiant.
LMC 170452
920[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 44-5
918[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 66778
915[ 105] – 990[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
NGC371 R20
913[ 114]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 150040
911[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 2236
911[ 105] –971[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TRM 108
906[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 169142
902[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S457
902± 45[ 115]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
IRAS 04498-6842 (LI-LMC 60)
898[ 106] – 1,137[ 107] – 1,765,[ 104] 1,224[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
Lower value derived from fitting models that assume the star's effective temperature to be 3,400 K. Higher value based on the measured effective temperature from van Loon et al. (2005). A newer paper estimates parameters that would result in a radius of 1,765 R ☉ .[ 104]
LMC 135720
898[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 81961
892[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 44-19
891[ 105] –1,297[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 45–49
890[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 175464
892[ 107] –982[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SMC 49478
888[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 12185
890+55 −65 [ 112]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 45–53
885[ 107] –981[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC 170079
882[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 5092
880[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 12793
880+45 −65 [ 112]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
W61 21–22
877[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 35-1
877[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
UCAC3 43-23216
873[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 11423
872[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S57
875+70 −60 [ 112]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 53-3
870[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 36-14
870[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 31-19
870[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 158646
865[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 31-20
864[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 113364
864[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 83202
864[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 175746
863[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC207
863[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 29-8
858[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 54-38
859[ 107] –911[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC 174714
855[ 105] –965[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC 176135
854[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC178
845[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 31-26
845[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 106201
844[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 48-13
838[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX LMC 1318
837[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 28-13
835[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 143898
833[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TYC 9161-866-1
833[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 59803
829[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 157401
828[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 39-22
828[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S52
828[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 30-22
826[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 145728
826[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 169049
825[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 46-34
825[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 177997
825[ 107] –867[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SP77 28-2
825± 60[ 112]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 22-9
823[ 105] – 850[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
Z Doradus
824± 108[ 115] –956[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S421
822[ 105] –840[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC 72727
822[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 37-28
821[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX LMC 575
816[ 105] –933[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
LMC 143035
815[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S49
815[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 52-28
812[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SHV 0520422-693821
808[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HD 268850
808[ 107] –898[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SMC 20133
809[ 107] –835[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
SMC 25888
804[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 55-20
803[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH G64
~800[ 116]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
Surrounded by a large torus-shaped dust envelope.[ 117] [ 118] Transitioned from a red supergiant into a yellow hypergiant after a potential 30 year long outburst.[ 116] Previously estimated to be 1,540[ 119] [ 112] [ 120] [ 104] [ 121] ± 77[ 119] R ☉
PGMW 1058
800[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 145112
798[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 47757
795[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 175709
794[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 46497
794[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S60
789[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S102
789[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 164709
787[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 31-28
787[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TRM 73
787[ 107] –816[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SP77 31-21
784[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 8930
784[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
PMMR 62
784[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 46-31
782[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC211
780[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 140403
778[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 134383
778[ 105] –803[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 47-11
778[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 40-7
778[ 105] – 810[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
W61 19–24
780+50 −70 [ 112]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S28
780[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 141568
776[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 51-2
776[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 31–43
773[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX LMC 833
773[ 105] –849[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
SP77 52-32
772[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 22-10
767[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 48-6
768[ 122]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 12322
765[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S517
764[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S183
763[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC256
762[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 154311
762[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 119219
762[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S452
762± 275[ 115]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX SMC 024
761[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S282
758[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 64048
758[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
PGMW 3160
758[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S438
757± 211[ 115]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 61753
755[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 140296
754[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S478
753[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 139027
751[ 105] – 790[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 45-16
749[ 105] – 800[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 37-20
749[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 54-27
750[ 109] – 758[ 105] – 800[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 155529
747[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 143877
746[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 64663
745[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH G302
745[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
TRM 65
743[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 12149
741[ 105] –767[ 107]
Small Magellanic Cloud
SMC 50840
740[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 46662
740[ 105] –874[ 107]
Small Magellanic Cloud
SP77 29-11
738[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 30616
737[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 162635
736[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 39-17
736[ 105] – 760[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 163466
734[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HV 2310
734[ 107]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
HD 269723
734± 17 ,[ 111] 814[ 113] –829[ 122]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow hypergiant .
SP77 44-17
732[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 38-5a
732[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 67982
730[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LHA 120-S 129
730[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
PMMR 64
730+75 −65 [ 112]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 51-15
727[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 168757
725[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 163007
725[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
W61 8–14
724[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
IRAS 05425-6914
724[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SMC 55188
724[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 44-13
721[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX LMC 905
719[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 147928
719[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LH 43-15
719[ 105] – 740[ 109]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
PMMR 116
717[ 122]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 123778
715[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S314
714[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 61-23
713[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
WOH S230
713[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 150396
710[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 48-17
709[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 165242
707[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 51-19
707[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 170539
707[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC 154729
705[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
OGLE BRIGHT-LMC-LPV-101
703[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
MSX SMC 055
702[ 114] – 1,557+215 −130 [ 107]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A super-AGB candidate.
LMC 168290
702[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
LMC180
702[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 45-2
702[ 105]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
SP77 48-6
700+29 −28 [ 111]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow hypergiant.
The following well-known stars are listed for the purpose of comparison.
HV 2112
675 – 1,193[ 123]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
It has been previously considered to be a possible Thorne–Żytkow object .[ 123]
HV 11417
673[ 107] –798[ 105]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
Candidate Thorne-Zytkow object.[ 123]
HD 269953
647[ 113] –720[ 122]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow hypergiant.
HD 271182
621[ 124]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A yellow hypergiant.
HD 33579
471[ 122]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
The brightest star in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
S Doradus
100[ 125]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A luminous blue variable in the S Doradus instability strip.
HD 37974
99[ 126]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
An unusual blue hypergiant with a large dusty disk.[ 126]
R136a1
42.7+1.6 −0.9 [ 127]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
One of the most luminous and most massive stars .
BAT 99-98
37.5[ 128]
Large Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
One of the most luminous and most massive stars.
HD 5980 A
24[ 129]
Small Magellanic Cloud
L/Teff
A luminous blue variable and one of the most luminous stars.
Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33) galaxies
List of the largest known stars in Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies
Star name
Solar radii (Sun = 1)
Galaxy
Method[ a]
Notes
Theoretical limit of star size (Andromeda Galaxy)
≳1,750[ 9]
L/Teff
Estimated by measuring the fraction of red supergiants at higher luminosities in a large sample of stars. Assumes an effective temperature of 3,625 K .Reported for reference
Theoretical limit of star size (Triangulum Galaxy)
≳1,500[ 9]
L/Teff
Estimated by measuring the fraction of red supergiants at higher luminosities in a large sample of stars. Assumes an effective temperature of 3,605 K .Reported for reference
LGGS J004428.48+415130.9
1,410[ 130]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013418.56+303808.6
1,363[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.27+303417.7
1,342[ 131] –1,479[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004514.91+413735.0
1,324[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004125.23+411208.9
1,302[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013350.62+303230.3
1,283[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004312.43+413747.1
1,279[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003951.33+405303.7
1,272[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013416.52+305155.4
1,227[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004416.83+411933.2
1,209[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004531.13+414825.7
1,201[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01343365+3046547
1,196[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013409.63+303907.6
1,182[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004133.18+411217.2
1,180[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004455.90+413035.2
1,172[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013352.96+303816.0
1,163[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004047.22+404445.5
1,162[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004254.18+414033.6
1,154[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004428.48+415130.9
1,130[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.27+303417.7
1,129[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004035.08+404522.3
1,122[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013341.98+302102.0
1,119[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013307.37+304543.2
1,119[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004218.33+412633.9
1,111[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004102.54+403426.5
1,108[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013335.90+303344.5
1,104[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013358.54+303419.9
1,103[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.49+303511.6
1,102[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013336.64+303532.3
1,102[ 105] –1,408[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004259.34+413726.0
1,094[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004509.98+414627.5
1,089[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013241.94+302047.5
1,083[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004034.74+404459.6
1,078[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004059.50+404542.6
1,071[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013430.75+303218.8
1,067[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013412.27+305314.1
1,063[ 105] –1,066[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013328.17+304741.5
1,063[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004524.97+420727.2
1,059[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013233.77+302718.8
1,058[ 105] –1,129[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004125.72+411212.7
1,058[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004114.18+403759.8
1,058[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013307.60+304259.0
1,051[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004103.67+410211.8
1,047[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013305.48+303138.5
1,046[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004442.41+412649.5
1,040[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013403.87+303753.2
1,040[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013351.47+303640.3
1,034[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004306.62+413806.2
1,028[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013303.54+303201.2
1,027[ 105] –1,131[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004234.41+405855.9
1,023[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004051.31+404421.7
1,022[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004031.00+404311.1
1,011[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013406.20+303913.6
1,009[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013344.10+304425.1
1,007[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004307.36+405852.2
1,007[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013407.13+303929.5
994[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013312.35+303033.9
993[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013330.05+303145.9
988[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013350.84+304403.1
984[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013329.47+301848.3
981[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004148.74+410843.0
981[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004415.76+411750.7
977[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004127.44+411240.7
977[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013312.75+303946.1
975[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004027.36+410444.9
973[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013434.35+302627.3
973[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013423.29+305655.0
993[ 105] –972[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013319.13+303642.5
970[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004305.77+410742.5
969[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013403.73+304202.4
965[ 105] –1,032[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004346.10+411138.8
962[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004419.20+412343.7
959[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013353.91+302641.8
959[ 105] –1,008[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013315.23+305329.0
958[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013315.23+305329.0
956[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004138.35+412320.7
954[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004419.45+411749.5
950[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013413.95+303339.6
948[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013336.42+303530.9
947[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004047.82+410936.4
943[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013258.18+303606.3
943[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004447.74+413050.0
938[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01343131+3046088
938[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004346.18+411515.0
936[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004304.62+410348.4
936[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004458.28+413154.3
933[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004102.82+410422.3
933[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013344.33+303636.0
932[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004631.49+421133.1
932[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013321.44+304045.4
932[ 105] –1,015[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013358.04+304900.1
931[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013314.31+302952.9
1,067[ 105] –930[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013315.97+303153.7
929[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004126.14+403346.5
927[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004347.31+411203.6
925[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004252.78+405627.5
923[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013411.54+303312.6
918[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013357.08+303817.8
918[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003943.89+402104.6
917[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004503.35+413026.3
916[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013338.97+303828.9
915[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013330.27+303510.6
915[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004033.06+404303.1
912[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004357.15+411136.6
911[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004406.60+411536.6
911[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013312.38+302453.2
911[ 105] –952[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004451.76+420006.0
911[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013322.82+301910.9
934[ 105] –911[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013355.56+304120.9
908[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004034.40+403627.4
907[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003910.56+402545.6
906[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004142.43+411814.1
906[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013316.57+303051.9
902[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013245.59+303518.7
900[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004034.67+404322.5
898[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004027.65+405126.7
898[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004322.75+411101.8
895[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004116.47+410813.7
895[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013306.33+303208.2
894[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004039.12+404252.3
894[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004433.96+415414.8
893[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013454.31+304109.8
891[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004030.64+404246.2
890[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004252.67+413615.2
889[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013349.94+302928.8
888[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01335010+3039106
886[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013357.37+304558.7
886[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013338.77+303532.9
885[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013359.20+303212.1
884[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013340.42+303131.3
880[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004511.40+413717.8
880[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013352.16+303902.2
880[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004219.25+405116.4
880[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004331.90+411145.0
880[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01333718+3038206
879[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013415.42+302816.4
876[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013345.01+302105.1
876[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004107.23+411636.8
870[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013417.83+303356.0
867[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004120.25+403838.1
867[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004402.38+412114.9
866[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01334194+3038565
866[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013309.10+303017.8
865[ 105] –933[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004429.36+412307.8
862[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013310.20+303314.4
861[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004404.60+412729.8
860[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003907.69+402859.5
860[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004219.64+412736.1
859[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003949.31+402049.1
859[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013310.16+302726.3
855[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004036.97+403412.4
855[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013343.68+304450.7
855[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013409.10+303351.8
854[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013407.11+303918.7
854[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004107.11+411635.6
854[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013400.01+304622.2
852[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013327.14+303917.4
851[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013339.79+304032.2
850[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004501.30+413922.5
850[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004450.87+412924.3
850[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004040.69+405908.1
850[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003942.92+402051.1
850[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01335092+3040481
850[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013315.19+305319.8
847[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013416.89+305158.3
845[ 105] –920[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004415.17+415640.6
845[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004424.94+412322.3
844[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013331.93+301952.9
838[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004406.16+414846.4
836[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013445.65+303235.4
835[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004109.39+404901.9
834[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004423.83+414928.6
833[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013242.31+302113.9
833[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004030.48+404051.1
833[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004118.29+404940.3
832[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.17+304701.9
831[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013328.89+303058.0
831[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004107.70+403702.3
831[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003925.67+404111.8
831[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004306.95+410038.2
826[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013408.81+304637.8
826[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013345.22+303138.2
826[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003950.65+402531.8
825[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013427.65+305642.4
825[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013500.04+303703.8
823[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004108.42+410655.3
822[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013340.77+302108.7
821[ 105] –820[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004458.57+412925.1
821[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013309.97+302727.5
973[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004124.81+411206.1
819[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013401.65+303128.7
819[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013455.65+304349.0
816[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013310.60+302301.8
816[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004544.71+414331.9
815[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004119.35+410836.4
813[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013436.65+304517.1
814[ 105] –812[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013301.79+303954.3
812[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013328.85+310041.7
810[ 105] –909[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013401.08+303432.2
809[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004036.45+403613.1
808[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004521.53+413758.6
807[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004432.38+415149.9
807[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013306.95+303506.1
807[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
Contradictory classification in literature, it has been considered a candidate LBV, a RSG or a BSG.
LGGS J013242.26+302114.1
807[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013321.94+304112.0
806[ 105] –829[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013304.56+303043.2
804[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004331.73+414223.0
803[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004044.17+410729.0
803[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013352.83+305605.2
803[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013343.30+303318.9
873[ 105] –803[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013342.61+303534.7
800[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013326.90+310054.2
800[ 105] –909[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013300.94+303404.3
798[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013416.06+303730.0
798[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004503.83+413737.0
797[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004503.83+413737.0
797[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004438.83+415253.0
794[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004235.88+405442.2
794[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004335.28+410959.7
794[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013402.32+303828.4
793[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004125.55+405034.8
792[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013507.43+304132.6
791[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013353.25+303918.7
791[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004308.71+410604.5
790[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013417.17+304826.6
789[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013310.71+302714.9
789[ 105] –884[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013432.36+304159.0
788[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004356.23+414641.8
788[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013340.77+302108.7
788[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013346.61+304125.4
786[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004447.08+412801.7
785[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004255.95+404857.5
785[ 132]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013231.91+302329.1
783[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004110.32+410433.4
782[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004159.06+405718.7
780[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004241.10+413142.3
775[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013401.88+303858.3
776[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013445.12+305858.9
773[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004030.92+404329.3
773[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013359.57+303413.5
771[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004353.97+411255.6
771[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004029.03+403412.6
770[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004526.24+420047.5
767[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013348.44+302029.8
767[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004552.15+421003.5
767[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013320.75+303204.8
764[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013416.28+303353.5
763[ 105] –801[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013357.91+303338.9
763[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013253.14+303515.3
762[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004051.18+403053.4
762[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013402.57+303746.3
762[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013352.15+304006.4
762[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004427.07+415203.0
762[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004233.23+405917.0
762[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004156.96+405720.8
761[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004117.14+410843.7
761[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004124.80+411634.7
760, 1,205, 1,240[ 132]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004109.61+404920.4
761[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003930.09+402313.0
759[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013324.71+303423.7
758[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013317.40+303210.8
758[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013411.83+304631.0
756[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004417.75+420039.1
755[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004454.50+413007.8
755[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013348.77+304526.8
754[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004019.69+404912.2
754[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004340.32+411157.1
753[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013304.02+303215.2
753[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013409.16+303846.9
752[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013459.81+304156.9
751[ 105] –765[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013334.82+302029.1
751[ 105] –930[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013400.71+303422.3
750[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004224.65+412623.7
749[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.88+303401.2
749[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004343.33+414529.5
749[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004034.76+403648.9
749[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013353.53+303418.7
749[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004501.84+420259.2
747[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013409.70+303916.2
744[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013345.71+303609.8
744[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004342.75+411442.8
743[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013333.32+303147.2
741[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013338.97+303506.1
741[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013303.61+302841.5
741[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004201.12+412516.0
737[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004341.35+411213.8
734[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013438.76+304608.1
734[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013402.33+301749.2
734[ 105] –786[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01334180+3040207
732[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013354.32+301724.6
732[ 105] –854[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013334.23+303400.3
732[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013357.60+304113.3
730[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004614.57+421117.4
730[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004120.96+404125.3
730[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004228.46+405519.0
728[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004024.52+404444.8
728[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013349.75+304459.8
727[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013306.88+303004.6
727[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004358.00+412114.1
727[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004147.27+411537.8
727[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013407.23+304158.8
725[ 105] –833[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004519.82+415531.9
725[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004410.84+411538.8
725[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013407.38+305935.0
724[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004438.75+415553.6
724[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004324.16+411228.3
723[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004059.58+403815.6
723[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013327.40+304126.4
721[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013243.72+301912.5
721[ 105] –783[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
Gaia DR3 303379932695513216
720[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004558.92+414642.1
720[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004103.46+403633.2
717[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013324.89+301754.3
717[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004015.18+405947.7
716[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.53+303557.7
715[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013351.89+303853.5
715[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004458.82+413050.4
715[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013352.51+303942.2
715[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004124.91+411133.1
715[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004604.18+415135.4
713[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013305.17+303119.8
711[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004517.25+413948.2
711[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013349.86+303246.1
710[ 133] –795[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
A yellow supergiant.
2MASS J01335929+3034435
709[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004230.32+405624.1
708[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004101.02+403506.1
708[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004119.21+411237.2
707[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004606.25+415018.9
707[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013442.05+304540.2
707[ 105] –707[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013431.84+302721.5
707[ 105] –717[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013304.68+304456.0
707[ 105] –739[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004432.27+415158.4
705[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
2MASS J01335131+3039149
704[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013339.46+302113.0
703[ 105] –748[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J003935.36+401946.4
703[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013343.03+303433.5
702[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J004505.87+413452.3
702[ 105]
Andromeda Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013414.18+305248.0
701[ 105] –731[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013402.53+304107.7
701[ 105] –749[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013340.80+304248.5
701[ 105] –814[ 131]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
LGGS J013312.59+303252.5
701[ 105]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
The following well-known stars are listed for the purpose of comparison.
Var 83
150[ 134]
Triangulum Galaxy
L/Teff
A luminous blue variable and one of the most luminous stars in M33.
Other galaxies (within the Local Group)
Outside the Local Group (inside the Virgo supercluster)
List of the largest known stars in galaxies outside the Local Group inside the Virgo supercluster
Star name
Solar radii (Sun = 1)
Galaxy
Group
Method[ a]
Notes
NGC 300 -125
1,504+176 −157 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -154
1,503+79 −75 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 7793 -34
1,392+157 −160 [ 140]
NGC 7793
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -40
1,286 +116 −106 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 2403 V14
1,260[ 141]
NGC 2403
M81 Group
L/Teff
A F-type luminous blue variable .
NGC 300 -154
1,200 +123 −111 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -114
1,181 +123 −111 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -199
1,181 +120 −109 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -153
1,173 +120 −109 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -150
1,167 +119 −107 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 253 -2006
1,167 +75 −70 [ 140]
Sculptor Galaxy
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
SPIRITS 14atl
1,134–1,477[ 142]
Messier 83
Centaurus A/M83 Group
L/Teff
NGC 300 -59
1,133 +146 −129 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 7793 -86
1,127 +94 −109 [ 140]
NGC 7793
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -263
1,108 +113 −102 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -447
1,101 +58 −56 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
SPIRITS 15ahp
1,098[ 142]
NGC 2403
M81 Group
L/Teff
NGC 300 -240
1,088 +112 −101 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 7793 -86
1,078 +69 −64 [ 140]
NGC 7793
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -173
1,063 +84 −77 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -340
1,036 +105 −95 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -346
1,023 +139 −128 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -533
1,004 +66 −62 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -351
992 +115 −102 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -524
987 +77 −72 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -135
964 +99 −89 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -93
955 +49 −47 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 7793 -539
948[ 140]
NGC 7793
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -87
948 +109 −98 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -146
921 +49 −46 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -273
921 +94 −85 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -186
915 +72 −65 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -200
905 +59 −55 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -152
895 +58 −54 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -413
861 +66 −61 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -174
856 +65 −61 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
M81 10584-25-2
851[ 141]
Messier 81
M81 Group
L/Teff
M81 10584-13-3
843[ 141]
Messier 81
M81 Group
L/Teff
NGC 55 -75
836 +81 −111 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -545
824 +104 −93 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -2912
821 +54 −51 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -216
801 +102 −89 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -1471
798 +52 −48 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -499
796 +89 −108 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -379
744 +56 −52 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -838
744 +57 −53 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -149
738 +47 −55 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -194
730 +46 −44 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
[GKE2015] 7
729[ 143]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
NGC 55 -270
728 +38 −36 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -1047
724 +65 −59 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -3231
719 +56 −51 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 247 -2966
719 +56 −52 [ 140]
NGC 247
Sculptor Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 55 -245
717 +55 −50 [ 140]
NGC 55
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -1068
716 +64 −58 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
NGC 300 -1081
712 +54 −51 [ 140]
NGC 300
NGC 55 Group
L/Teff
Effective temperature is based on Titanium(II) oxide lines, which often results in lower values, therefore increasing the radius.[ 140]
The following well-known stars are listed for the purpose of comparison.
NGC 2363-V1
194 – 356[ 144]
NGC 2366
M81 Group
L/Teff
[HMR2016] N4038 13068
124-885[ 145]
NGC 4038
NGC 4038 Group
L/Teff
[HMR2016] N4038 46842
88-815[ 146]
NGC 4038
NGC 4038 Group
L/Teff
Outside the Virgo supercluster
Note that this list does not include the candidate JWST dark stars , with estimated radii of up to 61 astronomical units (13,000 R ☉ )[ 147] or Quasi-stars , with theoretical models suggesting that they could reach radii of up to 40,700 solar radii (189 au).[ 148]
Transient events
During some transient events, such as red novae or LBV eruptions the star's radius can increase by a significant amount.
List of largest stars during transient events
Star or transient event name
Solar radii (Sun = 1)
Year
Galaxy
Group
Method
Notes
AT 2017jfs
>33,000[ 153]
2017
NGC 4470
L/Teff
SNhunt151
16,700[ 154]
2014
UGC 3165
LDC 331
L/Teff
SN 2015bh
16,400± 2,600[ 155]
2015
NGC 2770
LDC 616
L/Teff
AT 2018hso
10,350[ 156]
2018
NGC 3729
M109 Group
L/Teff
AT 2023clx
6,800[ 157]
2023
NGC 3799
nest 101314
L/Teff
M51 OT2019-1
5,500[ 158]
2019
Whirlpool Galaxy
M51 Group
L/Teff
η Carinae
4,319 – 6,032[ 88]
1845
Milky Way
Local Group
L/Teff
During the outburst, the star became the second brightest star in sky, reaching an apparent magnitude of between −0.8 and −1.0.[ 159]
AT 2010dn
4,130[ 160]
2010
NGC 3180
LDC 743
L/Teff
SN 2011fh
3,980[ 161]
2011
NGC 4806
Abell 3528
L/Teff
AT 2014ej
3,600[ 162]
2014
NGC 7552
Grus Quartet
L/Teff
V838 Monocerotis
3,190[ 78]
2002
Milky Way
Local Group
L/Teff
SN2008S
3,020[ 160]
2008
NGC 6946
NGC 6946 Group
L/Teff
SNhunt120
2,900[ 163] [ 162]
2012
NGC 5775
Virgo Cluster
L/Teff
AT 2017be
2,000[ 164]
2017
NGC 2537
L/Teff
PHL 293B star
1,348 – 1,463[ 165]
2002
PHL 293B
L/Teff
SNhunt248
~850[ 166]
2014
NGC 5806
NGC 5846 Group
L/Teff
R71
500[ 167]
2012
Large Magellanic Cloud
Local Group
L/Teff
SN 2000ch
500[ 168]
2000
NGC 3432
LDC 743
L/Teff
Godzilla
430 – 2,365[ 150]
2015
Sunburst galaxy
?
AT 2016blu
~330[ 169]
2012 – 2022
NGC 4559
Coma I Group
L/Teff
19 outbursts were detected between 2012 and 2022. The star was likely relatively stable the decade before since no outbursts were detected from 1999 – 2009.[ 169]
SN Progenitors
Largest stars by apparent size
The following list include the largest stars by their apparent size (angular diameter ) as seen from Earth. The unit of measurement is the milliarcsecond (mas), equivalent to 10× 10−3 arcseconds . Stars with angular diameters larger than 13 milliarcseconds are included.
See also
Notes
References
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^ a b c d e f Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021). "Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. V. Geometric and Photogeometric Distances to 1.47 Billion Stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3" . The Astronomical Journal . 161 (3): 147. arXiv :2012.05220 . Bibcode :2021AJ....161..147B . doi :10.3847/1538-3881/abd806 . S2CID 228063812 . Data about this star can be seen here .
^ Arroyo-Torres, B.; et al. (June 2014). "VLTI/AMBER observations of cold giant stars: atmospheric structures and fundamental parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 566 : 11. arXiv :1404.7384 . Bibcode :2014A&A...566A..88A . doi :10.1051/0004-6361/201323264 . S2CID 16778588 . A88.
^ a b c d e f g Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (1 February 2005). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements" . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 431 (2): 773– 777. Bibcode :2005A&A...431..773R . doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20042039 . ISSN 0004-6361 .
^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties" . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 674 : A1. arXiv :2208.00211 . Bibcode :2023A&A...674A...1G . doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID 244398875 .
Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR .
^ Min, Cheulhong; Matsumoto, Naoko; Kim, Mi Kyoung; Hirota, Tomoya; Shibata, Katsunori M.; Cho, Se-Hyung; Shizugami, Makoto; Honma, Mareki (1 April 2014). "Accurate Parallax Measurement toward the Symbiotic Star R Aquarii". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan . 66 (2): 38. arXiv :1401.5574 . doi :10.1093/pasj/psu003 . ISSN 2053-051X .
^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties" . Astronomy and Astrophysics . 674 : A1. arXiv :2208.00211 . Bibcode :2023A&A...674A...1G . doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID 244398875 .
Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR .
^ Perrin, G.; Ridgway, S. T.; Verhoelst, T.; Schuller, P. A.; Traub, W. A.; Millan-Gabet, R.; Lacasse, M. G. (1 June 2005). "Study of molecular layers in the atmosphere of the supergiant star μ Cep by interferometry in the K band" . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 436 (1): 317– 324. arXiv :astro-ph/0502415 . Bibcode :2005A&A...436..317P . doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20042313 . ISSN 0004-6361 .
^ Davies, Ben; Beasor, Emma R. (2020). "The 'red supergiant problem': The upper luminosity boundary of Type II supernova progenitors" . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 493 : 468– 476. arXiv :2001.06020 . doi :10.1093/mnras/staa174 . Retrieved 3 October 2024 .
^ "HD 6860 Overview" . NASA Exoplanet Archive . Retrieved 7 June 2024 .
^ Wittkowski, M.; et al. (December 2006), "Tests of stellar model atmospheres by optical interferometry. IV. VINCI interferometry and UVES spectroscopy of Menkar", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 460 (3): 855– 864, arXiv :astro-ph/0610150 , Bibcode :2006A&A...460..855W , doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20066032 , S2CID 16525827
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