This is a list, which includes a photographic gallery, of some of the remaining historic buildings, houses, structures and monuments in Douglas, Arizona, a city in Cochise County. There are various historic structures in Douglas which are located in G Street known as the Douglas Historic District. Some of the structures are individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Douglas has three more historical districts besides the Douglas Historic District. The other three historic districts are the Douglas Residential Historic District, the Douglas Sonoran Historic District and the Rucker Canyon Archeological District.
Native-Americans inhabited the area where the City of Douglas and its surrounding areas are located before the arrival of the people of European ancestry from the East Coast of the United States. The principal Native-American tribe which inhabited southeastern Arizona were the Chiricahua Apaches. They called themselves the Chiricahua Apache (Apache: `great mountain’) after their former mountain home in southeast Arizona. Their own name true name is actually the Aiaha.[1][2][3]
In the 1500s Spain claimed the area which they called New Spain, In 1535, Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca established a route from Mexico through the southwestern region of Arizona. Spanish Conquistadores then began to establish presidios throughout the region. Present-day Douglas is close to the San Bernardino Presidio of the late 1700s.[4][5] In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence between Mexico and Spain came to an end and the territory of New Spain, which included present-day Arizona, was ceded to Mexico.[6]
By the mid-1800s there were many cattle ranchers in the region, among them John Horton Slaughter. In 1854, the United States purchased the region from Mexico in what is known as the Gadsden Purchase. Americans of European descent from the East Coast of the United States began to arrive in the area. Some came to work as miners and others came to establish farms and ranches which provided food to the growing population.[7]
The Phelps Dodge Corporation selected the area as a suitable site to establish a smelter for its copper mines in Bisbee. In 1888, mining pioneer Dr. James Douglas founded the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad. By 1901, the railroad line covered Bisbee, Fairbanks, Benson and finally Douglas. That same year the line was renamed the "El Paso and Southwestern Railroad".The town was founded in 1901 and was named after Dr. James Douglas. Two copper smelters operated at the site; the Calumet and Arizona Company Smelter and the Copper Queen.[8]
Douglas was incorporated in 1905. It shares a border with the town of Agua Prieta, Mexico. In 1911, during the conflict known as the Border War, a United States Army camp, Camp Harry J Jones was established. During the Mexican Revolution the United States Army established Camp San Bernardino Ranch a.k.a. the Slaughter Ranch Outpost to deal with the border troubles.[8]
There are many properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places and Historic landmarks in Douglas. Among them the Hotel Gadsden, the Southern Pacific Railroad Depot, the Grand Theatre and the first international airport in the United States. The Douglas area is also home to many cattle ranches, including the historical Slaughter Ranch. The Douglas-Williams House/Museum houses a comprehensive photographic collection, which chronicles much of the city's historic past.[4]
According to the Douglas Historical Society, their mission is to promote research and education about the history of Douglas, Arizona. To acquire, protect, and preserve property, both real and personal having historical significance and value. A property may be listed in the National Register of Historic Places or it may be eligible to be listed as such, however, that does not mean that the property is safe from being demolished by its owner. According to Jim McPherson, Arizona Preservation Foundation Board President:
"It is crucial that residents, private interests, and government officials act now to save these elements of our cultural heritage before it is too late."[9]
An example is the Douglas Underpass which was located on U.S. Route 80 under Southern Pacific railroad tracks at milepost 366.1. The underpass was built in 1936 as a part of the Works Projects Administration. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 30, 1988, reference: #88001609. Yet, the underpass was demolished in 1999.[10]
The following is a brief description of some of the historic structures in Douglas.[11]
The following are the images of the historic structures in Douglas.
The following are images of the Gadsden Hotel. The hotel was originally built in 1908, but a fire destroyed almost everything in the hotel. It was rebuilt in 1929.[19] The historic hotel, which was named after the Gadsden Purchase, is located at 1046 G. Ave. and was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1976, reference: #76000371.[11]
The San Bernardino Presidio was one of the presidios established during the 1700s where the San Bernardino Ranch is located. The San Bernardino Ranch was established between 1822 and 1855.[20] On 2–3 December 1846, The Mormon Battalion passed through the San Bernardino Ranch. There they rested and recuperated near the ruins of the abandoned ranch house.[21]
In 1886, John Horton Slaughter was elected sheriff of Cochise County. He would rather arrest a man than kill him. Nonetheless, he killed in the line of duty when necessary. While serving as sheriff, he helped the United States Cavalry track the Apache chief Geronimo.[22] In 1893, he purchased a large area of land there. He paid $1 and twenty five cents for each foot. He purchased 60,000 feet of land and named it the Slaughter Ranch. The interesting thing about the ranch is that half of it was in the United States while the other half was in Mexico. It is located at 6153 Geronimo Trail. The ranch was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966, reference: #66000170.[11] It was also listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1964.[20]
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.119.161.209