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There are over 100 castles and forts in Georgia, which were constructed between the years 800 and 1700 by various provincial kings. The castles and forts have long been abandoned, but most are still standing, and some are preserved by the United Nations.^[1]^[2]

The earliest castle in Georgia was the Ananuri castle, which was built in the period from 1200–1249. The Ananuri castle consisted of two castles with a big curtain wall surrounding them. It was the seat of the dukes of the Duchy of Aragvi, which was one of multiple feudal dynasties during the period.^[3]

The last castle to be built in Georgia was the Rabati Castle, which was built between 1250 and 1299. The original town was built from 700–800, with the castle being built in the 1260s. From the 1260s to the 1340s, the castle and the surrounding town were the capital cities of the province of Samtskhe-Saatabago, which was ruled by the House of Jaqeli.^[4]

The forts of Georgia lie in varying states of ruin. The oldest was built in the 9th century, while some were built as late as the 17th century. While many still stand, most have been heavily damaged by various causes.^[5]

Citadel Tbilisi

Tbilisi

Castles

Castles in Georgia
Castle name	Location	Time built	Notes	Reference
Ananuri	On the Aragvi river, 72 km (45 mi) from Tbilisi	1200–1249		^[6]
Rabati Castle	At the town of Akhaltsikhe, Georgia	1250–1300	Originally called Lomisa Castle before the Ottoman conquest.^[7]	^[8]

Forts and fortresses

Forts and fortresses in Georgia
Fort name	Location	Time built	Notes	Reference
Atskuri Fortress	30 km (19 mi) from Borjomi	900–999		^[9]
Bakhtrioni	Kakheti region, left bank of the Alazani river	1650s		^[5]
Birtvisi	Tetritsqaro Municipality	1038		^[10]
Gagi Fortress	near the town of Marneuli	unknown
Gori Fortress	Overlooking the city of Gori	1200–1299		^[11]
Gremi	Kakheti region, 175 km (109 mi) from Tbilisi	1600–1699		^[12]
Keselo	Tusheti region, overlooking the village of Omalo	1230s
Khertvisi Fortress	Meskheti region	1354
Mutso	Khevsureti region, right bank of the Andakistskali river	unknown
Narikala	Tbilisi	300–399
Agarani Fortress	Near Kojori, Tbilisi		also known as Kojori Fortress, Azeuli Fortress or Kor Ogli Fortress
Redoubt Kali	10 miles north of Poti	1807		^[13]
Surami Fortress	Surami	1170s
Tmogvi	Left bank of the Kura river	800–899		^[14]

References

Citations

^ Rosen, p. 99.
^ Noble & Kohn & Systermans, p. 113.
^ Rosen, p. 100.
^ Noble & Kohn & Systermans, pp. 115–118
^ ^a ^b Kurtsikidze, Shorena and Chikovani, Vakhtang (2002), "Georgia's Pankisi Gorge: An Ethnographic Survey" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series, pp. 30–31.
^ Rose, p. 101.
^ Anonymous, p. 91.
^ Noble & Kohn & Systermans, p. 120.
^ Atskuri (2012)
^ Thomson, Robert W. (1996), Rewriting Caucasian History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-826373-2, p. 289.
^ "Georgia", in Encyclopædia metropolitana; or, Universal dictionary of knowledge, ed. by E. Smedley, Hugh J. Rose and Henry J. Rose (1845), p. 532.
^ Кавказский этнографический сборник – Том 6 – Страница 264 / Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1976
^ Wood (2007)
^ Karapetian, Samvel (2011). Javakhk (PDF). Yerevan: Research on Armenian Architecture. pp. 192–204. ISBN 978-99941-875-7-7.

Bibliography

Anonymous (1223). History of the Five Reigns
Noble, John; Kohn, Michael; Systermans, Daniel. (2008). Georgia, Armenia & Azerbaijan. London, UK: Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74104-477-4
Rosen, Roger (1999). Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus. Hong Kong: Odyssey Publications. ISBN 962-217-748-4
Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Redoubt Kali" . The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

Web sources

"Atskuri". Historical Monuments of Georgia. 2012. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)