List of countries by public sector size
This is a list of countries by public sector size , calculated as the number of public sector employees as a percentage of the total workforce. Information is based mainly on data from the OECD [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] and the ILO .[ 4] If a source has figures for more than one year, only the most recent figure is used (with notes for exceptional circumstances).
In the former Eastern Bloc countries, the public sector in 1989 accounted for between 70% and over 90% of total employment.[ 5] In China a full 78.3% of the urban labor force were employed in the public sector by 1978, the year the Chinese economic reform was launched, after which the rates dropped. Jin Zeng estimates the numbers were 56.4% in 1995 and 32.8% in 2003,[ 6] while other estimates are higher.[ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
In OECD countries, the average public sector employment rate was 21.3% in 2013.[ 1]
List
Country
OECD (%)[ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
ILO (%)[ 4] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12]
Other estimates (%)
Afghanistan
8.3 (2021)
Angola
14.6 (2014)
Albania
14.4 (2019)
American Samoa
25.0 (2012)
Argentina
17.8 (2022)
Armenia
19.3 (2020)
19.4 (2020)
Australia
20.4 (2012)
28.9 (2020)
Austria
15.2 (2014)
8.0 (2022)
Azerbaijan
21.9 (2022)
21.7 (World Bank publication, 2009)[ 13]
Bahamas
33.7 (2009)
Bangladesh
3.1 (2017)
Bahrain
9.6 (2012
8.4*[ a] (Baldwin-Edwards, 2010)[ 14]
Barbados
17.1 (2019)
Belarus
39.3 (2015)
72.0 (World Bank publication, 2010),[ 5] 40.1 (BelStat, 2017)[ 15]
Belgium
21.5 (2013)
21.1 (2019)
Bermuda
12.1 (2012)
Bhutan
25.0 (2022)
Bolivia
7.7 (2022)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
24.5 (2022)
Botswana
18.0 (2022)
Brazil
12.1 (2013)
12.1 (2022)
Bulgaria
21.1 (2019)
Cameroon
9.8 (2014)
Canada
22.4 (2013)
21.2 (2022)
Chile
14.0 (2013)
9.4 (2022)
China
28.0 (2012)
7.89 (Chinese Government, 2021)[ 16]
Colombia
10.0 (2013)
4.2 (2022)
5.3*[ b] (2017, Public Spending and Investment Commission),[ 17] 6.8 (2017, Colombian Insurers Federation)[ 18]
Costa Rica
12.4 (2022)
Croatia
29.8 (2020)
Czech Republic
18.0 (2013)
15.4 (2015)
Cuba
77.0 (2010)
72.0 (2014, Third World Quarterly)[ 19] 72.8 (2018, Statistical Yearbook of Cuba)[ 20] 65.0 (2022, OIEI)[ 21]
Denmark
32.9 (2011)
30.2 (2020)
Dominican Republic
13.8 (2022)
Ecuador
7.0 (2022)
Egypt
21.2 (2020)
El Salvador
8.1 (2022)
Estonia
22.0 (2013)
23.8 (2019)
Ethiopia
6.6 (2021)
Finland
27.0 (2013)
26.1 (2019)
France
28.0 (2013)
20.0 (2022)
Gambia
8.0 (2023)
Georgia
17.7 (2019)
21.1 (World Bank publication, 2009)[ 13]
Ghana
6.4 (2017)
Germany
15.3 (2012)
12.9 (2013)
Greece
14.6 (2012)
21.3 (2019)
Greenland
40.2 (2015)
Guatemala
6.1 (2022)
Guinea
6.8 (2018)
Haiti
9.0 (2012)
Hong Kong
7.1 (2014)
Hungary
24.8 (2012)
30.4 (2018)
Iceland
24.95 (2019)
Source: OECD National Accounts Statistics (database))[ 22] <
India
3.80 (2014)
4.7*[ c] (2002)[ 23] 3.80 (World Bank Data and Reserve Bank of India Data, 2012)[ 24] [ 25]
Indonesia
8.7 (2022)
Iran
14.9 (2020)
Iraq
37.4 (2021)
Ireland
19.5 (2014)
21.9 (2019)
Israel
20.7 (2007)
31.4 (2021)
Italy
18.3 (2013)
16.0 (2013)
Japan
12.9 (2014)
7.7 (2019)
Jordan
24.3 (2019)
Kazakhstan
23.3 (2012)
20.8 (World Bank publication, 2009)[ 13]
Kosovo
27.8 (2020)
20.8 (World Bank publication, 2009)[ 13]
Kuwait
18.6 (2016)
18.5*[ a] (Baldwin-Edwards, 2008)[ 14]
Kyrgyzstan
17.0 (2021)
15.1 (World Bank publication, 2009)[ 13]
Laos
11.4 (2017)
Latvia
31.2 (2013)
29.0 (2020)
Liberia
40.3 (2017)
Liechtenstein
7.1 (2015)
Lithuania
26.9 (2019)
24.0 (World Bank publication, 2010)[ 5]
Luxembourg
22.1 (2011)
11.7 (2018)
Macau
6.5 (2014)
Madagascar
4.0 (2015)
Malaysia
15.1 (2019)
Mali
2.38 (2020)
Mauritius
18.1 (2019)
Mexico
13.8 (2013)
11.8 (2022)
Moldova
16.2 (2022)
41.0 (World Bank publication, 2010)[ 5]
Mongolia
36.6 (2022)
Montenegro
32.2 (2021)[ 26] [ 27]
Morocco
8.4 (2022)
New Zealand
13.4 (2011)
11.5 (2011)
Nicaragua
8.1 (2012)
Nigeria
3.6 (2022)
Netherlands
17.3 (2013)
19.9 (2019)
North Macedonia
25.6 (2022)
Norway
35.6 (2013)
32.2 (2020)
OECD
21.3*[ d] (2013)
Oman
78.7 (2020)
14.0*[ a] (Baldwin-Edwards, 2008)[ 14]
Pakistan
7.3 (2021)
Palestine
20.9 (2022)
Panama
16.1 (2022)
Paraguay
10.5 (2022)
Peru
8.2 (2022)
Philippines
9.1 (2019)
Poland
25.2 (2013)
23.6 (2019)
16.0 (World Bank publication, 2010)[ 5]
Portugal
18.4 (2014)
14.7 (2014)
Qatar
11.3 (2022)
12.1*[ a] (Baldwin-Edwards, 2009)[ 14]
Romania
16.0 (2019)
15.3 (INS , 2015)[ 28]
Russia
40.6 (2011)
31.0 (2016, IMF)[ 29]
Rwanda
5.6 (2022)
Saint Lucia
17.6 (2022)
San Marino
23.4 (2022)
Saudi Arabia
35.3
35.3*[ a] (Baldwin-Edwards, 2008)[ 14]
Senegal
6.3 (2019)
Serbia
23.3 (2022)
Seychelles
44.3 (2020)
Singapore
9.9 (2022)
Slovakia
18.2 (2013)
28.0 (2022)
Slovenia
20.9 (2012)
20.9 (2012)
South Africa
17.4 (2013)
15.7 (2022)
South Korea
11.6 (2013)
10.3 (2014)
Spain
17.9 (2014)
16.3 (2019)
Sri Lanka
14.8 (2019)
Sweden
29.9 (2013)
29.3 (2020)
Switzerland
18.0 (2014)
15.3 (2022)
Tajikistan
33.0 (World Bank publication, 2010)[ 5]
Tanzania
4.6 (2020)
Thailand
9.6 (2022)
Trinidad and Tobago
22.9 (2021)
Turkey
15.9 (2011)
15.0 (2022)
Uganda
4.1 (2017)
Ukraine
26.7 (2012)
26.5 (2013)
United Arab Emirates
10.2 (2021)
United Kingdom
21.5 (2013)
22.5 (2020)
16.7 (House of Commons Library, 2020)[ 30]
United States
17.6 [not included in dataset] (2013)
13.4 (2022)
19.2 (Mercatus publication, 2013)[ 31]
Uruguay
15.7 (2022)
Uzbekistan
18.2 (2019)
Venezuela
24.3 (2020)
Vietnam
7.6 (2022)
Yemen
19.3 (2014)
Zambia
6.7 (2019)
Zimbabwe
12.1 (2019)
^ a b c d e GCC estimates by Baldwin-Edwards are state employment as a proportion of total employment. The employment of nationals is primarily in the state sector, with migrant workers dominating the private sector.
^ The number of employees in Colombia's public sector is underestimated because subcontracting and outsourcing are common in many government agencies.
^ India's public sector still accounted for 69% of the country's organised workforce .
^ OECD average for 2013 does not include Australia, the Czech Republic, Germany, South Korea, Ireland and Portugal.
See also
References
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^ a b OECD (2013). "Employment in general government and public corporations" . Government at a Glance 2013 . Paris: OECD Publishing. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2015-10-20 .
^ a b OECD (2011). "Employment in General Government and Public Corporations" . Government at a Glance 2011 . Paris: OECD Publishing. Archived from the original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2015-10-20 .
^ a b "Share of employment in the public sector by sex (%)" . International Labour Organization . Retrieved 20 October 2015 . [dead link ]
^ a b c d e f Omar S. Arias; Carolina Sánchez-Páramo; María E. Dávalos; Indhira Santos; Erwin R. Tiongson; Carola Gruen; Natasha de Andrade Falcão; Gady Saiovici; Cesar A. Cancho (2014). Back to Work: Growing with Jobs in Europe and Central Asia . World Bank Publications. pp. 86, 101. ISBN 978-0-8213-9911-8 .
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^ "Mjesečni statistički pregled" (PDF) . Monstat (in Montenegrin). 2021-05-16.
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^ "The Russian State's Size and its Footprint: Have They Increased?" . 2 June 2016.
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