List of carillons in Belgium

An ornate stone brick bell tower
The tower St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen contains two large, 49-bell carillons

Carillons, musical instruments of bells in the percussion family, are found throughout Belgium. Several institutions maintain registries on the location and statistics of carillons. Some registries specialize in counting specific types of carillons. For example, the War Memorial and Peace Carillons registry counts instruments which serve as war memorials or were built in the name of promoting world peace (and tracks five in Belgium);[1] the World Carillon Federation [nl] counts carillons throughout the country, along with the rest of the world.

Two Belgian carillon associations – the Flemish Carillon Association and the Walloon Carillon Association – count carillons in their respective regions. According to their registries, there are 94 carillons in Belgium: 70 in the Flemish Region, 22 in the Walloon Region, and 2 in the Brussels Capital Region. They are distributed across 77 different cities; several are located within the same city, and two are even within the same building – at St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen. The population has a wide range in total weights, with bourdons spanning between 30 and 8,180 kilograms (66 and 18,034 lb). They also span a wide range of notes, from 21 (which the Flemish association considers a carillon despite failing its definition that requires at least 23[2]) up to 64. Many carillons were constructed over several centuries by several bellfounders; a minority are constructed entirely by a single bellfounder. The majority of carillons are transposing instruments, and often transpose such that the lowest note on the keyboard is B♭ or C.

According to the World Carillon Federation [nl], the carillons in Belgium account for 14 percent of the world's total[3] and is consequently considered one of the "great carillon countries" along with the Netherlands and the United States.[4]

Brussels

Despite not being a part of their respective regions, both the Flemish Carillon Association and the Walloon Carillon Association track the number of carillons located in the Brussels Capital Region, of which there are two. The larger both in terms of weight and number of bells is located at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula. The smaller is located at the Palace of the Nation, Belgium's federal parliament building. Constructed in the 20th century, these carillons are much newer relative to others in the country.[5][6] Brussels once had nine carillons in 1541; none survived past 1914.[7]

List of carillons in Brussels
Location City Bells Bourdon weight Total weight Range and
transposition 		Bellfounder(s) Ref.
kg lb kg lb
Palace of the Nation Brussels 37 254 560 1,353 2,983
Up 12 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 1985–88 [6][8]
Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula 49 3,164 6,975 15,797 34,826
None (concert pitch) 		Royal Eijsbouts 1958–75 [6][9]

Flanders

The Flemish Carillon Association maintains a registry of carillons in the Flemish Region. According to the organization, there are 70 carillons located in Flanders. They are distributed across 56 different cities; several are located within the same city, and two are even within the same building – at St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen.[2] The carillons have a wide range in total weights, with bourdons spanning between 39 and 8,180 kilograms (86 and 18,034 lb). They also span a wide range of notes, from 21 (which the association considers a carillon despite failing its definition that requires at least 23[2]) up to 64. Many carillons were constructed over several centuries by several bellfounders; a minority are constructed entirely by a single bellfounder. The majority of carillons are transposing instruments, and often transpose such that the lowest note on the keyboard is B♭ or C.[5]

List of carillons in Flanders
Location City Bells Bourdon weight Total weight Range and
transposition 		Bellfounder(s) Ref.
kg lb kg lb
Schepenhuis Aalst 52 628 1,385 3,827 8,437
Up 12 semitones 		Lokeren 1958 [10][7]
Aarschot Peace Carillon [nl]
Church of Our Lady [nl; fr] 		Aarschot 51 — 5,347 11,788
Up 5 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 2018 [11][12]
[13][14]
Cathedral of Our Lady Antwerp 49 4,963 10,942 27,648 60,953
Down 3 semitones
[15][7]
St. Catherine's Church [nl] 47 250 550 1,820 4,010
Up 12 semitones
[16]
District House of Borgerhout [nl] 47 1,056 2,328 5,531 12,194
Up 5 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 1977 [17]
St. Martin's Church [nl]
(Open-air carillon) 		37 270 600 1,808 3,986
Up 12 semitones 		Petit & Fritsen 1968 [18]
Belfry of Bruges Bruges 47 5,381 11,863 27,535 60,704
Down 5 semitones
[19][7]
Damme City Hall [nl] Damme 39 143 315 1,168 2,575
Up 16 semitones
[20]
Church of Our Lady [nl] Deinze 48 784 1,728 4,417 9,738
Up 7 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 1988–94 [21]
Belfry of Dendermonde [nl; fr] Dendermonde 49 1,225 2,701 6,800 15,000
Up 5 semitones
[22][23]
Saint Aldegondis Church 21 39 86 381 840
Up 24 semitones
[24]
Church of Saint-Sulpice [nl; fr] Diest 47 592 1,305 3,190 7,030
Up 8 semitones
[25][7]
Belfry of Diksmuide [nl] Diksmuide 30 160 350 1,100 2,400
Up 16 semitones 		Michiels 1935 [26]
St. Martin's Church [nl] Genk 52 2,339 5,157 11,577 25,523
Up 2 semitones 		Petit & Fritsen 1960 [27]
St Bartholomew's Church [nl] Geraardsbergen 49 1,800 4,000 8,787 19,372
Up 3 semitones
[28]
Belfry of Ghent Ghent 54 6,050 13,340 30,129 66,423
Down 3 semitones
[29][7]
Basilica of Saint Servatius [nl] Grimbergen 49 1,284 2,831 7,017 15,470
Up 5 semitones
[30]
Saint Gorik Church [nl] Haaltert 44 1,896 4,180 5,435 11,982
Up 16 semitones 		Michiels 1946–60 [31]
Basilica of Saint Martin [nl; fr] Halle 54 3,500 7,700 12,900 28,400
Up 7 semitones
  • De Leenknecht van Harelbeke 1390
  • Walterus 1480
  • Waghevens 1518
  • Van Aerschodt 1849
  • Michaux 1920–21
  • Sergeys [fr] 1972–73
 [32]
St. Salvator Church [nl] Harelbeke 50 1,800 4,000 7,179 15,827
Up 7 semitones 		Michiels 1959 [33]
St. Quentin Cathedral Hasselt 53 3,175 7,000 10,980 24,210
Up 4 semitones
[34][7][35]
— Vernimmen Garden Herent 28 200 440 1,100 2,400 — Van Aerschodt 1912–14 [36]
Belfry of Herentals [nl; fr] Herentals 49 485 1,069 2,883 6,356
Up 1 semitone
[37][7]
Schepenhuis [nl] Herzele 28 272 600 1,660 3,660
Up 12 semitones 		Horacantus 1952 [38]
St Catherine's Church [nl] Hoogstraten 50 1,823 4,019 11,777 25,964
Up 3 semitones
  • Hemony 1654–55
  • Michiels 1954–59
 [39]
St. Hilonius Church [nl] Izegem 47 2,109 4,650 10,064 22,187
Up 1 semitone
  • Slegers-Causard 1921
  • Michiels 1923–60
 [40]
Belfry of Kortrijk Kortrijk 48 310 680 1,945 4,288
Up 11 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 1994 [41][7]
Saint Martin's Church 49 5,060 11,160 18,490 40,760
None (concert pitch)
[42]
Saint Martin's Church [nl] Lede 24 54 119 800 1,800
Up 12 semitones 		Michiels 1952–55 [43]
Saint Gertrude's Abbey [nl] Leuven 49 3,750 8,270 15,061 33,204
Up 1 semitone
[44][7]
St. Peter's Church 49 4,280 9,440 17,500 38,600
Up 1 semitone
[45][7]
Academic libraries in Leuven 63 7,096 15,644 35,349 77,931
Down 4 semitones
[46][47]
Park Abbey 40 2,132 4,700 10,616 23,404
Up 1 semitone 		Royal Eijsbouts 2018 [48][49]
Church of St. John the Baptist 45 189 417 1,333 2,939
Up 14 semitones
[50]
Saint Gummarus Church [nl; fr] Lier 52 7,638 16,839 19,781 43,610
Down 2 semitones
[51][7]
Saint Laurentius Church [nl] Lokeren 49 3,660 8,070 16,790 37,020 — Horacantus 1955–56 [52]
Church of Saint Peter-in-Chains [nl] Lommel 63 3,263 7,194 15,493 34,156
None (concert pitch)
[53]
St. Rumbold's Cathedral
(Old carillon) 		Mechelen 49 8,000 18,000 36,000 79,000
Down 4 semitones
[54][7]
St. Rumbold's Cathedral
(New carillon) 		49 8,180 18,030 39,244 86,518
Down 5 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 1981 [55]
Church of Our Lady-across-the-Dyle [nl; fr] 50 2,217 4,888 9,123 20,113
Up 5 semitones
[56][57]
Court of Busleyden [nl; fr] 49 420 930 2,541 5,602
Up 12 semitones 		Michiels 1953 [58][59]
St. Martin's Church Meise 56 905 1,995 4,615 10,174
Up 7 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 2001 [60]
Belfry of Menen [nl] Menen 49 770 1,700 4,764 10,503
Up 7 semitones
[61]
Saints Peter und Paul Church [nl] Mol 49 3,240 7,140 16,504 36,385
None (concert pitch)
[62][63]
Postel Abbey 49 382 842 2,187 4,822
Up 12 semitones
[64][65]
Church of Saint Peter-in-Chains Nederbrakel 49 1,996 4,400 9,645 21,264
Up 3 semitones
[66]
Church of Our Lady [nl] Nieuwpoort 67[a] 1,407 3,102 8,976 19,789
Up 5 semitones 		Michiels 1952 [67][68]
Festivities and Culture Palace [nl] Ostend 49 2,497 5,505 12,393 27,322
Up 2 semitones 		Paccard 1964 [69]
St. Walburga Church [nl] Oudenaarde 49 3,230 7,120 15,500 34,200
None (concert pitch) 		Petit & Fritsen 1967 [70]
St. Trudo Church [nl] Peer 64 3,705 8,168 17,234 37,994
None (concert pitch) 		Petit & Fritsen 1951–99 [71]
Saint Nicholas Church [nl] Pelt 48 1,060 2,340 3,564 7,857
Up 9 semitones
[72][73]
St. Bertin's Church [nl] Poperinge 47 800 1,800 4,380 9,660 —
[74]
Saint Peter's Church Puurs 50 505 1,113 3,890 8,580 (Range not available)
Up 9 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 2017 [75][76]
Saint Michael's Church [nl] Roeselare 49 890 1,960 5,154 11,363
Up 7 semitones
[77][78]
Saint Hermes' Church [nl] Ronse 49 2,355 5,192 12,211 26,921 —
[79]
Basilica of Our Lady Scherpenheuvel-Zichem 49 2,812 6,199 13,200 29,100 —
[80]
Sint-Niklaas City Hall [nl] Sint-Niklaas 49 850 1,870 5,200 11,500 —
[81]
Belfry of Sint-Truiden [nl; fr] Sint-Truiden 50 1,800 4,000 6,000 13,000 —
[82][7]
Basilica of Our Lady of Kortenbos [nl; fr] 27 2,365 5,214 5,252 11,579 — Michiels 1947–53 [83]
Saint Rumolds Church [nl] Steenokkerzeel 49 1,416 3,122 7,185 15,840 —
[84]
Temse City Hall [nl] Temse 38 509 1,122 3,076 6,781 —
[85]
Belfry of Tielt [nl; fr] Tielt 35 105 231 831 1,832
Up 9 semitones 		Dumery [fr] 1772–1827 [86][7][87]
Saint Germain's Church [nl; fr] Tienen 54 1,529 3,371 7,071 15,589 —
[88][7]
Basilica of Our Lady Tongeren 49 1,593 3,512 10,384 22,893 (Range not available)
Up 2 semitones
[89][7][90]
Saint Peter's Church [nl] Turnhout 50 1,105 2,436 4,325 9,535 —
[91][7]
Saint Nicholas Church [nl] Veurne 48 1,794 3,955 9,185 20,249 — Michiels 1955–60 [92]
Saint Amand's Church [nl] Wingene 49 738 1,627 4,189 9,235
Up 8 semitones
[93][94]
Ypres Cloth Hall Ypres 49 2,494 5,498 11,892 26,217
Up 2 semitones
[95][96]
Church of Our Lady of the Ascension [nl] Zottegem 49 1,338 2,950 6,828 15,053
Up 3 semitones
[97][98]
St. Leonard's Church Zoutleeuw 39 140 310 1,225 2,701 — Horacantus 1963 [99]

Wallonia

The Walloon Carillon Association maintains a registry of carillons in the Walloon Region. According to the organization, there are 22 carillons located in Wallonia. They are distributed across 20 different cities; three are within the same city – Liège. The carillons have a wide range in total weights, with bourdons spanning between 30 and 4,070 kilograms (66 and 8,973 lb). They also span a wide range of notes, from 25 up to 55. Many carillons were constructed over several centuries by several bellfounders; a minority are constructed entirely by a single bellfounder. The majority of carillons are transposing instruments, and often transpose such that the lowest note on the keyboard is B♭ or C.[6]

List of carillons in Wallonia
Location City Bells Bourdon weight Total weight Range and
transposition 		Bellfounder(s) Ref.
kg lb kg lb
St. Julian's Church [fr; nl] Ath 49 4,070 8,970 11,053 24,368
Up 4 semitones
[100]
St. Gaugericus' Church [fr] Braine-le-Comte 47 805 1,775 4,370 9,630
Up 6 semitones 		Petit & Fritsen 1967 [101]
Belfry of Charleroi [nl] Charleroi 47 3,000 6,600 —
Up 12 semitones 		Michiels 1936 [6]
Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul [nl] Chimay 26 30 66 —
Up 26 semitones 		Dumery [fr] 1755–63 [6]
Notre Dame de Dinant Dinant 50 260 570 1,951 4,301
Up 24 semitones 		Royal Eijsbouts 2008–14 [6][102]
St. Nicolas Church [nl] Enghien 51 2,750 6,060 —
Up 5 semitones
[6]
Church of the Ascension Florenville 49 765 1,687 —
Up 10 semitones 		Michiels 1955 [6]
Belfry of Gembloux [fr; nl] Gembloux 50 560 1,230 —
Up 10 semitones
[6]
Collegiate Church of Our Lady of Huy [fr; nl] Huy 49 — —
Up 6 semitones
[6][7]
St. Joseph's Church La Louvière 47 300 660 —
Up 24 semitones 		Michiels 1957–58 [6]
Liège Cathedral Liège 49 4,581 10,099 —
Up 15 semitones
[6][7]
Church of Saint John the Evangelist 34 570 1,260 — —
[6]
Collegiate Church of St. Bartholomew 50 380 840 — (Range not available)
Up 10 semitones 		Vanden Gheyn 1774 [6][103]
Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul [nl] Malmedy 40 400 880 —
Up 10 semitones
[6]
Belfry of Mons Mons 49 5,500 12,100 —
Down 3 semitones
[6][7]
St Aubin's Cathedral Namur 47 2,600 5,700 —
Up 14 semitones
[6][7]
Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude Nivelles 47 3,200 7,100 —
Down 3 semitones
[6]
Collegiate Church of St. Vincent [fr; nl] Soignies 47[b] 967 2,132 —
Up 14 semitones 		Petit & Fritsen 1963–64 [6]
Belfry of Thuin Thuin 25 335 739 —
Up 23 semitones
  • Slegers-Causard 1936
  • Michiels 1939
  • Voegelé 2003–04
 [6]
Belfry of Tournai Tournai 55 5,000 11,000 —
Up 12 semitones
[6][7]
Church of Our Lady of the Récollets [fr; nl] Verviers 40 595 1,312 —
Up 20 semitones 		Michiels 1937 [6]
Saint John the Baptist Church, Wavre [fr] Wavre 50 1,820 4,010 —
Up 19 semitones
[6][104]

See also

Further information: Index of campanology articles

Notes

  1. ^ Despite having 67 bells, the carillon has 49 notes. Eighteen of the notes each ring two bells.
  2. ^ There is one additional bell not part of the carillon.

References

  1. ^ "World map of peace carillons". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Componeren" [Composing]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereeniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022. We spreken over een beiaard (of carillon) als er tenminste 23 (2 octaven) ten opzichte van elkaar gestemde bronzen klokken aanwezig zijn die handmatig worden bespeeld met behulp van een stokkenklavier waardoor expressiviteit mogelijk wordt. [We speak of a carillon if there are at least 23 (2 octaves) bronze bells tuned relative to each other that are played manually with the help of a baton keyboard, allowing expressiveness.]
  3. ^ "Carillons". World Carillon Federation. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  4. ^ Rombouts, Luc (2014). Singing Bronze: A History of Carillon Music. Translated by Communicationwise. Leuven University Press. p. 309. ISBN 978-90-5867-956-7. ... and the three 'great' carillon countries – the Netherlands, the United States and Belgium – are responsible for almost 70% of all carillons worldwide.
  5. ^ a b "Torens" [Towers]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereeniging [Flemish Carillon Association]. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Carillons de concert" [Concert carillons] (PDF). Association Campanaire Wallonne [Walloon Campanological Association]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Rice, William Gorham (1914). "Appendix B: List of Carillons in Belgium". Carillons of Belgium and Holland: Tower Music in the Low Countries. John Lane Company. pp. 194–203. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5p84727t.
  8. ^ "Paleis der natie" [Palace of the Nation]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association]. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Sint-Michielskathedraal" [Cathedral of St. Michael]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association]. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Belfort van Aalst" [Belfry of Aalst]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk" [Church of Our Lady]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  12. ^ "Aarschot Peace Carillon, Peace Carillon in the Church of Our Lady, Aarschot (Belgium)". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  13. ^ "Aarschot Peace Carillon". Schaarp. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  14. ^ "BEARSTPC". TowerBells.org. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal" [Cathedral of Our Lady]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  16. ^ "Sint-Catharinakerk" [St. Catherine's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  17. ^ "Districtshuis" [District House]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  18. ^ "Openluchtbeiaard, Sint-Martinuskerk" [Open-air carillon, St. Martin's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  19. ^ "Belfort van Brugge" [Belfry of Bruges]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  20. ^ "Stadhuis van Damme" [Damme City Hall]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk" [Church of Our Lady]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  22. ^ "Belfort van Dendermonde" [Belfry of Dendermonde]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  23. ^ "Dendermonde, City Carillon (Belgium)". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  24. ^ "Sint-Aldegondiskerk" [Saint Aldegondis Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  25. ^ "Sint-Sulpitiuskerk" [Belfry of Dendermonde]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  26. ^ "Belfort van Diksmuide" [Belfry of Diksmuide]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  27. ^ "Sint-Martinuskerk". Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  28. ^ "Sint-Bartholomeuskerk" [St Bartholomew's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  29. ^ "Belfort van Gent" [Belfry of Ghent]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  30. ^ "Sint-Servaasbasiliek" [Basilica of Saint Servatius]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  31. ^ "Sint-Gorikskerk" [Saint Gorik Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  32. ^ "Onze-Lieve-Vrouwebasiliek" [Basilica of Our Lady]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  33. ^ "Sint-Salvatorkerk" [Basilica of Our Lady]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  34. ^ "Sint-Quintinuskathedraal" [St. Quentin Cathedral]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  35. ^ "BEHSSLSQ". TowerBells.org. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  36. ^ "Tuin Vernimmen" [Vernimmen Garden]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  37. ^ "Belfort van Herentals" [Belfry of Herentals]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  38. ^ "Schepenhuis". Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  39. ^ "Sint-Catharinakerk" [St Catherine's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  40. ^ "Sint-Hiloniuskerk" [St. Hilonius Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  41. ^ "Halletoren". Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  42. ^ "Sint-Maartenskerk" [St. Martin's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  43. ^ "Sint-Maartenskerk" [St. Martin's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  44. ^ "Sint-Geertruikerk" [Saint Gertrude's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  45. ^ "Sint-Pieterskerk" [Saint Peter's Church]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  46. ^ "Universiteitsbibliotheek" [University Library]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  47. ^ "Leuven, American Engineers' Memorial Carillon and Clock (Belgium)". War Memorial and Peace Carillons. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  48. ^ "Vredesbeiaard van de Abdij van Park" [Peace Carillon of Park Abbey]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
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  50. ^ "Sint-Jan-de-Doperkerk" [Church of St. John the Baptist]. Vlaamse Beiaard Vereniging [Flemish Carillon Association] (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
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