List of West Africa hurricanes

Tropical Storm Hermine off the coast of West Africa September 23, 2022

This list of West Africa hurricanes includes all Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones that have made landfall on, or directly affected, the Atlantic coast of West Africa or its surrounding islands: the Cape Verde Islands and the Canary Islands. Such cyclones seldom occur as easterly winds carry the storms away from land, and most Atlantic storms that move off the African coast tend to be weak.

List of tropical cyclones

1900–1949

  • September 10, 1900: 1900's second hurricane originated as a tropical storm at about 10°N-18.5°W and moved northwestward. The storm rapidly gained strength as it reached hurricane on September 9. The hurricane continued moving northwestward as it bypassed the Cape Verde Islands to the west at Category 1 strength. The storm later reached Category 2 status after passing the islands. Despite its close proximity to the islands, it's unclear if any watches or warnings were issued nor were any reports of damage or fatalities reported from the storm.[1]
  • August 25, 1901: 1901's sixth hurricane was first observed just east of Boa Vista in the Cape Verde Islands on August 25, and struck the island with tropical-storm-force winds a few hours later.
  • August 29, 1901: 1901's seventh hurricane formed as a tropical depression about 115 mi (185 km) southeast of Praia, Cape Verde,[2] quickly intensified into a tropical storm, then continued westward and became a hurricane. The storm caused no damage on the islands.[3]
  • September 2, 1927: 1927's second hurricane passed through the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical storm. There was no recorded damage after the storm's passing through the islands.[5]
  • September 5, 1947: The 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane brushed the Cape Verde Islands as a Category 1 hurricane at 0000 UTC. There were no reports of damage or injuries from the hurricane.[8]

1950–1999

  • August 28, 1953: Hurricane Carol passed through the Cape Verde Islands before as a depression.[11]
  • September 3, 1957: Hurricane Carrie passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a depression causing no damage.[12]
  • August 8, 1958: Tropical Storm Becky passed through the Cape Verde Islands before reaching tropical storm strength. There were no reports of damage.[13]
  • August 11, 1958: Hurricane Cleo formed south of the Cape Verde Islands, causing minor damage.
  • September 5, 1964: Tropical Storm Florence brushed the Cape Verde Islands before reaching tropical storm strength. The storm caused no known damage.[14]
  • October 5, 1967: Tropical Storm Ginger formed east of the Cape Verde Islands on October 5. The storm reached a peak intensity of 50 mph before dissipating two days later. Ginger's formation was the farthest east on record for an Atlantic tropical cyclone.[16][17]
  • September 12, 1968: Tropical Storm Edna brushed the Cape Verde Islands before reaching tropical storm strength.[18]
  • September 15, 1973: Hurricane Ellen brushed the Cape Verde Islands as a 45 mph (72 km/h) tropical storm,[20] before becoming a hurricane.
  • September 4, 1979: Hurricane Gloria brushed the northern Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression.[21]
  • September 4, 1980: Hurricane Earl brushed the northern Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression.[22]
Tropical Storm Beryl, August 29, 1982
  • September 16, 1984: Tropical Storm Fran bypassed the Cape Verde Islands to the south whilst strengthening.[25] The storm killed 31 people, mainly from landslides and flooding.[24]
  • September 8, 1988: An unnamed tropical storm formed extremely close to western Africa on September 6 where it moved slightly northwestward and dissipated. It was not named because of its extreme location at the time, and it was originally thought to be a tropical depression. However, post storm analysis revealed that the system had maintained tropical storm strength for at least 48 hours. The storm produced heavy rain but caused no reported damage.
  • September 18, 1989: Hurricane Erin passed through the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression, causing no damage.[26]
  • September 21, 1998: Hurricane Jeanne of 1998 passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a Category 1 hurricane.[27] Because of Jeanne's rapid formation, forecasters predicted that the storm will bring tropical storm conditions to the Cape Verde Islands. However, the storm's center stayed off shore and there were no reports of damage.[28]

2000–present

  • September 9, 2003: Tropical Depression Fourteen brushed the Cape Verde Islands after reaching peak intensity of 35 mph (56 km/h).[29] The depression produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds to the islands.[30]
  • November 23, 2005: Tropical Storm Delta, after meandering eastward in the Atlantic Ocean for several days, struck the Canary Islands shortly after becoming extratropical, and 70 mph (110 km/h) winds with 90 mph (150 km/h) gusts caused over $360 million (2005 USD) in damage and nineteen deaths.[31][32] The remnants of Delta then struck Morocco, where no damage was reported.
  • August 21, 2006: Tropical Storm Debby passed south of the Cape Verde Islands as a tropical depression. A tropical storm warning was issued for the Cape Verde Islands, but was discontinued when Debby turned further westward and away from the islands.
Hurricane Fred at Category 1 strength over Cape Verde, August 31, 2015
  • August 31, 2015: Hurricane Fred reached Category 1 strength as it hit Cape Verde, resulting in hurricane conditions across many of the islands. Seven people died when their fishing boat capsized off the coast of Guinea-Bissau, and another two fishermen were presumed dead after never returning to Boa Vista.
  • September 7, 2020: Tropical Storm Rene developed just east of Cabo Verde and made landfall on Boa Vista with 1-minute sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) and a pressure of 1001 mbar (29.56 inHg) at around 00:00 UTC on September 8, 2020, while producing tropical-storm-force winds and heavy rains throughout the archipelago.[36]
  • September 12, 2020: The precursor to Tropical Storm Vicky passed by Praia, Cabo Verde and caused 1 fatality. [37]
  • September 23, 2022: Tropical Storm Hermine developed to the east of Cabo Verde, moved generally northward parallel to the West African coast, then brought record rainfall to the Canary Islands, causing €10 million (US $9.8 million) in damages.[38][39]

Monitoring stations

Cabo Verde has only one tropical cyclone monitoring station in Sal.[40] In Africa, there are three tropical cyclone monitoring stations in Dakar, Senegal,[41] Bamako, Mali[42] and Niamey, Niger[43]

Climatological statistics

At least 32 tropical cyclones have affected Western Africa and its surrounding islands since records began in 1851. The majority of the storms affect West Africa and Cape Verde islands during the months of August and September which are the active months of a typical Atlantic hurricane season.[44]

Deadliest storms

The following is a list of Atlantic tropical storms that caused fatalities in West Africa and its surrounding islands.

Name Year Number of deaths
Fran 1984 29-31
Delta 2005 19
Fred 2015 9
Beryl 1982 3
Helene 2018 3
Vicky 2020 1

See also

References

  1. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1900 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  2. ^ Jose F. Partagas (1997). Year 1901 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
  3. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1901 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  4. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1906 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  5. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1927 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  6. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1928 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  7. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1938 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-11.
  8. ^ Weather Underground (2007). "Weather Underground 1947 Archive". Retrieved 2007-01-10.
  9. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1948 Archive". Retrieved 2006-08-15.
  10. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1952 Archive". Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  11. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1953 Archive". Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  12. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1957 Archive". Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  13. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1958 Archive". Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  14. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1964 Archive". Retrieved 2006-08-02.
  15. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1967 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  16. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1967 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-24.
  17. ^ Arnold L. Sugg and Joseph M. Pelmisser (1968). "Hurricane Season of 1967" (PDF). NOAA. Retrieved 2006-07-24.
  18. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1968 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  19. ^ Hurricane.com (2007). "Tropical Storm Christine (1973) best track data". Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  20. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1973 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  21. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1979 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  22. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1980 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  23. ^ Gilbert C. Clark (1983). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1982" (PDF). NOAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-10. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  24. ^ a b National Hurricane Center (2005). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  25. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1984 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  26. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1989 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  27. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 1998 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  28. ^ Mayfield (1998). "Tropical Storm Jeanne Advisory #2". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  29. ^ Weather Underground (2006). "Weather Underground 2003 Archive". Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  30. ^ Alvia (2003). "Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion #8". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
  31. ^ Staff Writer (2005). "Delta force in the Canaries". Tenerife News. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  32. ^ Staff Writer (2005). "Delta: Aftermath and Impact". Tenerife News. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
  33. ^ Cangialosi; Brennan (2010). "Tropical Storm Igor Advisory Number 5". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  34. ^ "Tropical Storm Igor Cumulative Wind History". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  35. ^ Mohamed Moro Sacko (September 6, 2018). "Siguiri : Trois morts suite à des pluies duliviennnes à Doko" (in French). Guinea News. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  36. ^ Stacy Stewart (September 7, 2020). Tropical Storm Rene Intermediate Advisory Number 3A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
  37. ^ "Cape Verde – Deadly Flash Floods in Praia". floodlist.com. September 15, 2020. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  38. ^ "Kayaking and 'rain' surfing down the streets during tropical storm Hermine". www.canarianweekly.com. 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  39. ^ Ahora, Canarias (2022-09-30). "Gran Canaria cifra en 10 millones de euros los daños causados por la tormenta Hermine". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  40. ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). "NHC database". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  41. ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). "61641 Dakar, Senegal". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  42. ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). "61291 Bamako, Mali". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  43. ^ National Hurricane Center (2007). "61052 Niamey, Niger". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  44. ^ Chris Landsea (2007). "FAQ Subject: A2) What is a "Cape Verde" hurricane?". NOAA. Retrieved 2007-12-14.

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