List of Ratt members

Ratt performing in 2005 (top), 2010 (middle) and 2016 (bottom)

Ratt was an American glam metal band from San Diego, California. Formed in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt, the group originally included lead vocalist and guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist Tim Garcia and drummer Bob Eisenberg. In 1982, Ratt finalised its "classic lineup" of Pearcy, guitarist Warren DeMartini, guitarist Robbin Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer, that lasted through 1991. The band has been through numerous lineup changes. The band has been on hiatus since 2022, at which point it consisted of Pearcy (who was absent between 2000 and 2007), Juan Croucier (who rejoined in 2012), lead guitarist Jordan Ziff, drummer Pete Holmes (who both joined in 2018), and rhythm guitarist Frankie Lindia (who joined in mid-2021).

History

1977–1983

Ratt originally formed in San Diego, California in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt.[1] The band originally included lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Garcia, and drummer Bob Eisenberg.[2] After John Turner took over from Eisenberg, the band relocated to Los Angeles in January 1980.[3] Garcia opted to return to San Diego not long after,[1] and was replaced by Dave Jellison a few months later.[4] Paul DeNisco briefly joined as a second guitarist.[5] After a few years of touring, Hager left in 1981 to pursue other projects, with Turner and Jellison following not long after.[6] Pearcy rebuilt the band with the addition of guitarists Jake E. Lee and Bob DeLellis, bassist Matt Thorr and drummer Dave Alford, as well as renaming it M. Ratt and, later, Ratt.[7][8]

The lineup lasted only a few months, with Alford and Lee quitting after Pearcy fired DeLellis without consulting them.[8] The pair subsequently formed Rough Cutt together.[9] Thorr remained the band's bassist, alongside new additions Warren DeMartini and Robbin Crosby on guitars, and Khurt Maier on drums.[10] This lineup recorded "Tell the World" for the first edition of the Metal Blade compilation Metal Massacre.[11] Thorr was briefly replaced by Gene Hunter,[12] however by the end of the year the group had finalised its classic lineup of Pearcy, DeMartini, Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer.[13] Marq Torien briefly joined on guitar in 1982.[14] Joey Cristofanilli temporarily took over from Croucier in 1983, but he returned once he left Dokken later in the year.[15]

1983–2012

Ratt's lineup remained constant throughout the rest of the 1980s, as they released a series of commercially successful albums.[16] In 1991, Crosby was forced to leave the group due to a "debilitating addiction to heroin".[17] He was temporarily replaced by Michael Schenker for a series of tour dates.[18] In early 1992, Pearcy opted to leave Ratt to form the supergroup Arcade.[19] As a result, the group was subsequently disbanded.[20] In 1996, the band reunited with Pearcy, DeMartini and Blotzer joined by bassist Robbie Crane, after plans for a full classic lineup reunion fell through.[21] Keri Kelli joined as a second guitarist in early 1999, in time for a tour starting in May.[22] In January 2000, however, Pearcy suddenly left the band just before the start of a tour.[23] Kelli also left shortly after the vocalist's departure.[24]

Pearcy and Kelli were replaced by former L.A. Guns frontman Jizzy Pearl and former Mötley Crüe frontman John Corabi, respectively.[5] Robert Mason was initially invited to take over on vocals, but he declined.[25] Classic lineup guitarist Crosby died on June 6, 2002, after contracting HIV and overdosing on heroin.[26] Pearl remained the band's vocalist until December 2006, when he left amid rumors of a classic lineup reunion.[27] A few months later, it was confirmed that Pearcy was returning for tour dates throughout 2007.[28] Corabi remained until August 2008, when he was replaced by former Quiet Riot guitarist Carlos Cavazo.[29] After the band released its first studio album in 11 years, Infestation, in 2010, Crane announced in March 2012 that he had left Ratt to focus on Lynch Mob, which he joined in 2010.[30]

2012 onwards

Croucier returned to take Crane's place in May 2012.[31][32] Blotzer was temporarily replaced for a run of shows in early 2014, as he had yet to recover from neck surgery he underwent the previous October.[33] In April 2014, Pearcy announced that he had left Ratt for a third time, blaming the "constant turmoil" and other controversies surrounding the band.[34] The following September, Blotzer rebranded his new group from Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience to simply Ratt, having "taken control" of the brand, with the drummer joined by lead vocalist Joshua Alan, guitarists Michael "Doc" Ellis and Nicolas "Blaze" Baum, and bassist Scotty Griffin.[35] DeMartini later sued Blotzer over the use of the Ratt name,[36] however this was denied by a court ruling.[37] Griffin was replaced by Robbie Crane in February 2016,[38] and both Blaze and Crane left in August.[39][40] They were replaced initially by Stacey Blades and Todd Kerns, respectively,[41] and later on a more permanent basis by Mitch Perry and Brad Lang.[42] Blades remained as a replacement for Ellis.[43] Alan left the band in January 2017 to pursue other projects.[44] He was replaced by Seann Nicols, although the band performed only one show and has been inactive since March 2017.[45]

In November 2016, Pearcy, DeMartini and Croucier regained ownership of the Ratt name from Blotzer, expelling him from the original partnership and reforming the band with Carlos Cavazo and Jimmy DeGrasso.[46] The band returned to touring, but in March 2018, it was reported that DeMartini had been fired from the band.[47] A few days later, Cavazo confirmed the news and added that he had also left the band.[48] In June, Pearcy and Croucier assured that they would continue with Ratt,[49] and the following month the group returned with new members Jordan Ziff on lead guitar, Chris Sanders on rhythm guitar and Pete Holmes on drums.[50] Sanders was later replaced by former David Lee Roth guitarist Frankie Lindia.[51]

Members

Most recent members

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions
Stephen Pearcy Sweden Rock 2008.jpg
Stephen Pearcy
  • 1977–1992
  • 1996–2000
  • 2007–2014
  • 2016–2022
[2][13][19][21][23][28][34][46]
  • lead vocals
  • rhythm guitar (1977–1980)
all Ratt releases to date
Juan Croucier
  • 1982–1983
  • 1983–1992
  • 2012–2014
  • 2016–2022
[13][20][31][32][46]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
all Ratt releases from Ratt (1983) to Collage (1997)
Pete Holmes 2018–2022[50]
  • drums
  • percussion
none
Jordan Ziff
  • lead guitar
  • backing vocals
Frankie Lindia 2021–2022[51]
  • rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals

Former members

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions
Chris Hager 1977–1981[2][6] lead guitar "Drivin' on E" (1980)
Tim Garcia 1977–1980 (died 2011)[2][1]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
Bob Eisenberg 1977[2] drums none
John Turner 1977–1981[3][6] "Drivin' on E" (1980)
Dave Jellison 1980–1981[4][6]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
none
Paul DeNisco 1980[5] rhythm guitar
Matt Thorr 1981–1982[7][8]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
"Tell the World" (1982)
Jake E. Lee in 2014.jpg
Jake E. Lee
(Jakey Lou Williams)
1981[7][8] lead guitar none
Bob DeLellis rhythm guitar
David Alford 2016.jpg
Dave Alford drums
Robbin Crosby 1981–1991 (died 2002)[10][13][17]
  • rhythm and lead guitar
  • backing vocals
all Ratt releases from "Tell the World" (1982) to Collage (1997)
Ratt Rams head Live 2010 "Warren DeMartini" " Ratt" (4586600070).jpg
Warren DeMartini
  • 1981–1982
  • 1982–1992
  • 1996–2014
  • 2016–2018
[10][13][20][21][46][47]
  • lead and rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
  • keyboards
  • synthesizers
all Ratt releases from "Tell the World" (1982) to Infestation (2010)
Khurt Maier 1981–1982[10] drums none
Gene Hunter 1982[12] bass
Bobby Blotzer Ratt in Houston October 2016.jpg
Bobby Blotzer
  • 1982–1992
  • 1996–2014
[13][20][21][33]
  • drums
  • percussion
all Ratt releases from "Tell the World" (1982) to Infestation (2010)
MarqTorien.jpg
Marq Torien
(Mark Maytorena)
1982[14]
  • lead and rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
none
Joey Cristofanilli 1983[15]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
Michael schenker-1448660150.jpg
Michael Schenker 1991–1992 (substitute)[18] lead and rhythm guitar
Black Star Riders – Wacken Open Air 2014 15.jpg
Robbie Crane 1996–2012[21][30]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
  • Collage (1997)
  • Ratt (1999)
  • Infestation (2010)
Keri_Kelli.jpg
Keri Kelli
(Kenneth Fear Jr.)
1999–2000[22][24]
  • rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
none
The Dead Daisies - Hamburg Harley Days 2017 19.jpg
John Corabi 2000–2008[5][29]
Jizzypearl.JPG
Jizzy Pearl
(James Wilkinson)
2000–2006[5][27] lead vocals
Carlos Cavazo Iraq 2.jpg
Carlos Cavazo
  • 2008–2014
  • 2016–2018
[29][46][48]
  • lead and rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
Infestation (2010)
Black_Star_Riders_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_17.jpg
Jimmy DeGrasso
  • 2014 (substitute)
  • 2016–2018
[33][46]
drums none
Chris Sanders 2018–2020[50][51]
  • rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
none

Blotzer's Ratt members

Image Name Years active Instruments
Bobby Blotzer Ratt in Houston October 2016.jpg
Bobby Blotzer 2015–2017[35]
  • drums
  • percussion
Joshua alan ratt akron ohio 20160904.jpg
Joshua Alan[44] lead vocals
Michael "Doc" Ellis 2015–2016[35]
  • rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
Nicholas "Blaze" Baum[39][40]
  • lead guitar
  • backing vocals
LA Guns Scott Griffin (bassist) 2011 Surf City.jpg
Scotty Griffin
  • bass
  • backing vocals
Black Star Riders – Wacken Open Air 2014 15.jpg
Robbie Crane 2016[38][39][40]
Stacey Blades at Northern Lights 2008.jpg
Stacey Blades
(Bryan MaClachlan)
2016–2017[41][43]
  • rhythm guitar
  • backing vocals
2015 RiP Slash feat Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators - Todd Kerns by 2eight - 8SC2721.jpg
Todd Kerns 2016 (substitute)[41]
  • bass
  • backing vocals
Asia Featuring John Payne.JPG
Mitch Perry 2016–2017[42]
  • lead guitar
  • backing vocals
Brad_Lang.jpg
Brad Lang
  • bass
  • backing vocals
Seann Nicols 2017[45] lead vocals

Timelines

Ratt

Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience/Bobby Blotzer's Ratt

Lineups

Period Members Releases
1977
(Mickey Ratt)
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
  • Chris Hager – lead guitar
  • Tim Garcia – bass, backing vocals
  • Bob Eisenberg – drums
none
1977–1980
(Mickey Ratt)
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
  • Chris Hager – lead guitar
  • Tim Garcia – bass, backing vocals
  • John Turner – drums
  • "Drivin' on E" (1980)
1980
(Mickey Ratt)
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Chris Hager – lead guitar
  • John Turner – drums
  • Paul DeNisco – rhythm guitar
  • Dave Jellison – bass, backing vocals
none
1980–1981
(Mickey Ratt)
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
  • Chris Hager – lead guitar
  • John Turner – drums
  • Dave Jellison – bass, backing vocals
1981
(Mickey Ratt/M. Ratt/Ratt)
1981–1982
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Matt Thorr – bass, backing vocals
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbin Crosby – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Khurt Maier – drums
1982
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbin Crosby – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Khurt Maier – drums
  • Gene Hunter – bass
none
1982
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Robbin Crosby – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Marq Torien – lead guitar, backing vocals
1983
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Robbin Crosby – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Joey Cristofanilli – bass
  • Ratt (1983) – one track only
1982/1983–1991 (Classic lineup)
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Robbin Crosby – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
1991–1992
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
  • Michael Schenker – rhythm guitar (touring substitute)
none
Band inactive 1992–1996
1996 – early 1999
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead and rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbie Crane – bass, backing vocals
  • Collage (1997) – five tracks only
  • Ratt (1999)
Early 1999 – January 2000
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbie Crane – bass, backing vocals
  • Keri Kelli – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
none
Early 2000 – December 2006
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbie Crane – bass, backing vocals
  • Jizzy Pearl – lead vocals
  • John Corabi – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
April 2007 – August 2008
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbie Crane – bass, backing vocals
  • John Corabi – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
August 2008 – March 2012
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Robbie Crane – bass, backing vocals
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Carlos Cavazo – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
May 2012 – April 2014
  • Bobby Blotzer – drums
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Carlos Cavazo – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
none
Band inactive 2014–2016
November 2016 – March 2018
  • Warren DeMartini – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Carlos Cavazo – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
  • Jimmy DeGrasso – drums
none
July 2018 - 2021
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
  • Jordan Ziff – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Pete Holmes – drums
  • Chris Sanders – rhythm guitar
2021-2022
  • Stephen Pearcy – lead vocals
  • Juan Croucier – bass, backing vocals
  • Jordan Ziff – lead guitar, backing vocals
  • Pete Holmes – drums
  • Frankie Lindia – rhythm guitar, backing vocals

Bibliography

  • Nalbandian, Bob (December 12, 2012), The Headbanger Issue #1, Saitama, Japan: Japanime, ISBN 978-4921205829
  • Pearcy, Stephen; Benjamin, Sam (April 15, 2014), Sex, Drugs, Ratt & Roll: My Life in Rock, New York City, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-1451694581

References

  1. ^ a b c "Original Mickey Ratt Bassist Passes". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. December 24, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e Pearcy & Benjamin 2014, pp. 49–50
  3. ^ a b Pearcy & Benjamin 2014, p. 78
  4. ^ a b Pearcy & Benjamin 2014, p. 88
  5. ^ a b c d e Feemster, Scott. "Ratt - Biography". Amoeba Music. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d Pearcy & Benjamin 2014, p. 109
  7. ^ a b c Pearcy & Benjamin 2014, pp. 110–111
  8. ^ a b c d "Dave Alford Interview". Sleaze Roxx. August 12, 2007. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  9. ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Rough Cutt: Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d Nalbandian 2012, pp. 10–11
  11. ^ Metal Massacre (Media notes). Metal Blade Records. 1982. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  12. ^ a b Schwinden, Richard L. (June 29, 2018). "Ratt: 1983 - 1991". Patch Media. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Sanford, Jay Allen (March 27, 2012). "Ratt Loses Another Member - Is This Band Even Still "Together"?". San Diego Reader. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  14. ^ a b "Bulle tRatt? Marq Torien sings for Stephen Pearcy and Bullet Boys pull plug on UK Tour". Metal Sludge. October 25, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  15. ^ a b Wiederhorn, Jon (January 27, 2010). "Ask the 'Creep: Who the Heck Is Joey Cristofanilli?". Noise creep. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  16. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Ratt: Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  17. ^ a b Lalaina, Joe (September 23, 2010). "Ratt: Back For More". Guitar World. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  18. ^ a b Ling, Dave (July 27, 2006). "Michael Schenker: Appetite For Self-Destruction". Classic Rock. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  19. ^ a b "Pearcy Exits Ratt To Form New Band" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 104, no. 16. New York City, New York: BPI Communications, Inc. April 18, 1992. p. 13. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  20. ^ a b c d Sanford, Jay Allen (October 23, 2007). "Ratt Doesn't Want You to Read This Blog - Beyond Behind the Music". San Diego Reader. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  21. ^ a b c d e Yarnell, David (July 11, 2018). "Ratt coming to Little River Casino Resort". Manistee News Advocate. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  22. ^ a b "Keri Kelli: Rolling with the Punches". Black Velvet. February 23, 2000. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  23. ^ a b "January 13–19: This Week In..." Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. January 20, 2002. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  24. ^ a b "Keri Kelli Interview by SickthingsUK". SickthingsUK. April 2007. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  25. ^ "Warrant Frontman Robert Mason Talks Being Asked To Join Ratt Following Stephen Pearcy's Exit - "I Told Them To Go Get Their Singer Back"". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. September 10, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  26. ^ Christopher, Michael (June 6, 2017). "The Day Ratt Guitarist Robbin Crosby Died". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  27. ^ a b "Ratt Reunion In The Works?". Blabbermouth.net. December 4, 2006. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  28. ^ a b "Ratt 'Reunion' Lineup Confirmed". Blabbermouth.net. April 23, 2007. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  29. ^ a b c "It's Official: Carlos Cavazo To Replace John Corabi In Ratt". Blabbermouth.net. August 18, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  30. ^ a b "Bassist Robbie Crane Quits Ratt". Blabbermouth.net. March 25, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  31. ^ a b "Bassist Juan Croucier Rejoins Ratt For M3 Rock Festival Performance (Video)". Blabbermouth.net. May 13, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  32. ^ a b "Bassist Juan Croucier Hopes His Reunion With Ratt 'Will Last Far Into The Future'". Blabbermouth.net. May 17, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  33. ^ a b c "Ratt Drummer Bobby Blotzer To Sit Out Monsters Of Rock Cruise". Blabbermouth.net. March 19, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  34. ^ a b "Singer Stephen Pearcy Quits Ratt". Blabbermouth.net. April 24, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  35. ^ a b c "Revamped Ratt To Embark On 'Re-Invasion Tour'". Blabbermouth.net. September 23, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  36. ^ "Ratt's Warren DeMartini Sues Bobby Blotzer For Passing Off 'Tribute Band' As Real Thing". Blabbermouth.net. October 2, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  37. ^ "Warren DeMartini Vs. Bobby Blotzer: The Continuing Battle Over Rights To Ratt Name". Blabbermouth.net. November 8, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  38. ^ a b "Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Parts Ways With Bassist Scotty Griffin". Blabbermouth.net. February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  39. ^ a b c "Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Parts Ways With Guitarist Nicholas 'Blaze' Baum". Blabbermouth.net. August 8, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  40. ^ a b c "Robbie Crane Quits Bobby Blotzer's Ratt". Blabbermouth.net. August 10, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  41. ^ a b c "Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Recruits Slash Bassist Todd Kerns, Ex-L.A. Guns Guitarist Stacey Blades". Blabbermouth.net. August 12, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  42. ^ a b "Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Adds Guitarist Mitch Perry, Bassist Brad Lang". Blabbermouth.net. August 14, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  43. ^ a b "Video: New Lineup Of Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Performs In Akron". Blabbermouth.net. September 10, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  44. ^ a b "Singer Joshua Alan Quits Bobby Blotzer's Ratt". Blabbermouth.net. February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  45. ^ a b "Former Singer For Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Says Drummer Is 'Full Of S**t'". Blabbermouth.net. August 9, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  46. ^ a b c d e f "Ratt Feat. DeMartini, Pearcy, Croucier To Headline Next Year's M3 Rock Festival". Blabbermouth.net. November 30, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  47. ^ a b "Guitarist Wanted... Ratt have fired lead guitarist Warren DeMartini say multiple industry sources". Metal Sludge. March 21, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  48. ^ a b "Back For None... Rumor mill says Ratt have lost yet another guitarist, Carlos Cavazo confirms it's true". Metal Sludge. March 27, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  49. ^ "Ratt's 'New Breed' Is Moving Forward With Stephen Pearcy, Juan Croucier". Blabbermouth.net. June 1, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  50. ^ a b c "Ratt's New Lineup Performs Live For First Time: Video, Photos". Blabbermouth.net. July 8, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  51. ^ a b c Blabbermouth (June 26, 2021). "RATT Recruits DAVID LEE ROTH Guitarist FRANKIE LINDIA". BLABBERMOUTH.NET. Retrieved February 23, 2023.