List of Malvales of South Africa

Malvales is an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and trees; most of its families have a cosmopolitan distribution in the tropics and subtropics, with limited expansion into temperate regions. The morphology of Malvales is diverse, with few common characteristics. Among those most commonly encountered are palmate leaves, connate sepals, and a specific structure and chemical composition of the seeds. The cortex is often fibrous, built of soft phloem layers.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[1]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]

Six families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Balanophoraceae

Mystropetalon

Genus Mystropetalon:[4]

Sarcophyte

Genus Sarcophyte:[4]

Cistaceae

Cistus

Genus Cistus:[4]

Cytinaceae

Cytinus

Genus Cytinus:[4]

Malvaceae

Abelmoschus

Genus Abelmoschus:[4]

Abutilon

Genus Abutilon:[4]

Adansonia

Genus Adansonia:[4]

Althaea

Genus Althea:[4]

Anisodontea

Genus Anisodontea:[4]

Anoda

Genus Anoda:[4]

Azanza

Genus Azanza:[4]

Brachychiton

Genus Brachychiton:[4]

Cienfuegosia

Genus Cienfuegosia:[4]

Cola

Genus Cola:[4]

Corchorus

Genus Corchorus:[4]

Dombeya

Genus Dombeya:[4]

Gossypioides

Genus Gossypioides:[4]

Gossypium

Genus Gossypium:[4]

  • Gossypium herbaceum L. indigenous
    • Gossypium herbaceum L. subsp. africanum (Watt) Vollesen, indigenous

Grewia

Genus Grewia:[4]

Hermannia

Genus Hermannia:[4]

Hibiscus

Genus Hibiscus:[4]

Lagunaria

Genus Lagunaria:[4]

Lavatera

Genus Lavatera:[4]

Malva

Genus Malva:[4]

Malvastrum

Genus Malvastrum:[4]

Malvaviscus

Genus Malvaviscus:[4]

Melhania

Genus Melhania:[4]

Modiola

Genus Modiola:[4]

Pavonia

Genus Pavonia:[4]

Radyera

Genus Radyera:[4]

Sida

Genus Sida:[4]

Sparrmannia

Genus Sparrmannia:[4]

Sphaeralcea

Genus Sphaeralcea:[4]

Sterculia

Genus Sterculia:[4]

Thespesia

Genus Thespesia:[4]

Triumfetta

Genus Triumfetta:[4]

  • Triumfetta angolensis Sprague & Hutch. indigenous
  • Triumfetta annua L. indigenous
    • Triumfetta annua L. forma annua, indigenous
    • Triumfetta annua L. forma piligera Sprague & Hutch. indigenous
  • Triumfetta dekindtiana Engl. indigenous
  • Triumfetta obtusicornis Sprague & Hutch. endemic
  • Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich. indigenous
    • Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich. var. pentandra, indigenous
  • Triumfetta pilosa Roth, indigenous
    • Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. effusa (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Wild, indigenous
    • Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. pilosa, endemic
    • Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. tomentosa Szyszyl. ex Sprague & Hutch. indigenous
  • Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. indigenous
    • Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. var. rhomboidea, indigenous
  • Triumfetta sonderi Ficalho & Hiern, endemic
  • Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. indigenous
    • Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. var. hirsuta (Sprague & Hutch.) Wild, indigenous
    • Triumfetta welwitschii Mast. var. welwitschii, indigenous

Urena

Genus Urena:[4]

  • Urena lobata L. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Urena lobata L. subsp. lobata var. lobata, not indigenous, naturalised

Waltheria

Genus Waltheria:[4]

Wissadula

Genus Wissadula:[4]

Neuradaceae

Grielum

Genus Grielum:[4]

Neuradopsis

Genus Neuradopsis:[4]

Thymelaeaceae

Arthrosolen

Genus Arthrosolen:[4]

Cryptadenia

Genus Cryptadenia:[4]

Dais

Genus Dais:[4]

Englerodaphne

Genus Englerodaphne:[4]

Gnidia

Genus Gnidia:[4]

Lachnaea

Genus Lachnaea:[4]

Lasiosiphon

Genus Lasiosiphon:[4]

Passerina

Genus Passerina:[4]

Peddiea

Genus Peddiea:[4]

Struthiola

Genus Struthiola:[4]

Synaptolepis

Genus Synaptolepis:[4]

References

  1. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  2. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  3. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.

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