Recently the number of species within the Arceuthobium has been reduced from 42 to 26.^[1] The structure of the subgenera and sections follows Nickrent et al. (2004)^[1] who resolved the phylogeny of the genus using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and chloroplast trnT-L-F sequences.

Much of the work in Arceuthobium systematics was undertaken and compiled by Hawksworth and Wiens^[2]

• Arceuthobium juniperi-procerae Chiovenda (Parasite of Juniperus)^[1]
• Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC) Bieb. (Parasite of Juniperus)^[1]
• Arceuthobium tibetense H.S. Kiu & W. Ren (Parasite of Abies forrestii)^[1]

• Arceuthobium chinense Lecomte
• Arceuthobium minutissimum J.D: Hooker
• Arceuthobium sicuanense (H.S. Kiu) D. Hawksw. & Wiens
• Arceuthobium pini D. Hawksw. & Wiens

• Arceuthobium azoricum (Parasite of Juniperus brevifolia)^[1]

• Arceuthobium abietis-religiosae Hiel
• Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. Ex Engelm. (Parasite of Pinus banksiana, P. contorta var. latifolia and P. contorta var. murrayana)^[1]
• Arceuthobium verticilliflorum Engelm. (The only species lacking explosive seed dehiscence)^[1]

• Arceuthobium guatemalense D. Hawksw. & Wiens (Parasite of Pinus ayacahuite. Also the most endangered Arceuthobium due to extensive logging in Guatemala)^[1]
• Arceuthobium pendens D. Hawksw. & Wiens (Parasite of piñyon pines)^[1]

• Arceuthobium globosum D. Hawksw. & Wiens including: A. globosum subsp. grandicaule D. Hawksw. & Wiens, A. aureum D. Hawksw. & Wiens subsp. aureum, A. aureum subsp. petersonii D. Hawksw. & Wiens

• Arceuthobium bicarinatum Urban.
• Arceuthobium pusillum Peck.

• Arceuthobium gillii D. Hawksw. & Wiens including: A. nigrum D. Hawksw. & Wiens
• Arceuthobium rubrum D. Hawksw. & Wiens including: A. oaxacanum D. Hawksw. & Wiens
• Arceuthobium yecorense D. Hawksw. & Wiens

This section has the broadest range of host species, parasitizing 20 species of Pinus.^[1]

• Arceuthobium hondurense D. Hawksw. & Wiens including: A. hawksworthii Wiens & Shaw
• Arceuthobium strictum D. Hawksw. & Wiens
• Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl. including: A. vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) D. Hawksw. & Wiens, A. durangense (Engelm.) D. Hawksw. & Wiens

• Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelm. (Parasite of piñyon pines)^[1]
• Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. (Parasite of Pseudotsuga menziesii, occasionally Abies grandis and Picea engelmannii)^[2]

• Arceuthobium blumeri A. Nelson
• Arceuthobium campylopodumEngelm. including: Arceuthobium abietinum D. Hawksw. & Wiens, Arceuthobium apachecum D. Hawksw. & Wiens, A. californicum D. Hawksw. & Wiens, A. cyanocarpum (A. Nelson ex Rydberg) Coulter & Nelson, A. laricis (Piper) St. John, Arceuthobium littorum D. Hawksw., Wiens & Nickrent, Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelm.) Hawksworth & Wiens, Arceuthobium monticola D. Hawksw., Wiens & Nickrent, A. occidentale Engelm., Arceuthobium siskiyouense D. Hawksw., Wiens & Nickrent, A. tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones (Parasite hosts include Larix occidentalis, Tsuga mertensiana, T. heterophylla, Pinus contorta, Abies grandis and Picea engelmannii)^[2]

• PLANTS profile for Arceuthobium (United States) including range maps.