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Linux for mobile devices, sometimes referred to as mobile Linux, is the usage of Linux-based operating systems on portable devices, whose primary or only Human interface device (HID) is a touchscreen. It mainly comprises smartphones and tablet computers, but also some mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) portable media players that come with a touchscreen separately.

Mobile Linux is a relatively recent addition to the Linux range of use, with Google's Android operating system pioneering the concept. While UBPorts tried to follow suit with Ubuntu Touch, a wider development of free Linux operating systems specifically for mobile devices was only really spurred in the latter 2010s, when various smaller companies started projects to develop open source phones.

Lists

Operating systems

This is a list of Linux distros directly targeted towards use with mobile phones, being offered preconfigured with the mobile-oriented software listed below. There are both phone producers who develop their own operating systems and independent developments by community projects. Outside of these, several traditional distros have versions compiled for ARM architecture, which could be configured to use these components. This is done, for example, with Manjaro by the PinePhone.

Active

Android
- /e/
- Android-x86
- Android Go
- EMUI (Non GMS compliant)
- Fire OS
- iodéOS
- Lineage OS
- One UI
- Replicant
- VollaOS
- Wear OS
- GrapheneOS
- Other custom Android distributions

AsteroidOS (for wearables)
ChromeOS (for 2-in-1 PC and Chrome Tablet)
EMUI/HarmonyOS (EMUI 12 onwards)
Fedora Mobility
KaiOS
Kindle firmware
LuneOS^[1] (based on HP webOS)
Maemo Leste (fork of discontinued Maemo based on Devuan)
Manjaro ARM
Mobian (based on Debian)
Mobile NixOS^[2] (based on NixOS)
postmarketOS (based on Alpine Linux)
PureOS
Sailfish OS (based on Nemo Mobile)
SHR
SteamOS (Powering Steam Deck)
Tizen
Ubuntu Touch (discontinued by Canonical, adopted by UBports Community)
webOS
Kali NetHunter Pro (Based on Android and Kali linux)

Discontinued

Smartphones

Phones with Linux preinstalled:

Middlewares

BusyBox – small footprint alternative to GNU Core Utilities, under GNU GPLv2
Fcitx
Halium
Intelligent Input Bus
Maliit
mer
Smart Common Input Method
Toybox – BSD licensed alternative to BusyBox
Uim

UI

GPE Palmtop Environment
Phosh^[3]
Plasma Mobile^[4]
Lomiri (previously known as Unity8)
MauiShell (and MauiKit)^[5]^[6]^[7]
SXMO^[8]

References

^ "Running Linux on your smartphone: everything you need to know in 2019". TuxPhones – Linux on smartphones. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
^ "NixOS on my phone?". Mobile NixOS. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
^ "Phosh". developer.puri.sm. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
^ "Plasma Mobile". www.plasma-mobile.org. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
^ Crume, Jacob (December 30, 2021). "Maui Shell is Here, Ushering in a New Era of Desktop Linux". It's FOSS – News. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
^ "Maui Shell is a Beautiful Vision for the Future of Linux". OMG! Ubuntu!. December 27, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
^ Higuita, Camilo (December 26, 2021). "Introducing Maui Shell". Nitrux. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
^ "SXMO". sxmo.org. Retrieved July 16, 2024.